Abstract: A sub-base layer for use in construction, comprises a plurality of connected substantially cuboid modules each having spaced-apart, substantially parallel top and bottom walls joined by a peripheral sidewall defining an enclosed volume. The connection between the modules is effected by a plurality of tie members which prevent lateral movement of the modules relative to one another. The layer is particularly useful as a lightweight replacement for aggregate sub-base layers in foundations, roadways, pavement, carparks, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modular flooring system including a ramp to facilitate entry and exit from the flooring system. The ramp may be modular and interconnect with all or parts of a perimeter of the flooring system, and the ramp may also interconnect with adjacent ramp members.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a method of constructing a porous, ceramic pavement that is permeable to aqueous fluids and more resistant to acidic rainwater than concrete. The method includes selecting a porous, ceramic paving material having a compressive strength sufficient for a particular use of a surface to be paved. A base material can be selected to serve as a support for the paving material, wherein the base material is permeable to aqueous fluids. The base material is applied to the surface to be paved, and the paving material is positioned on top of the base material to provide a porous, ceramic pavement.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a method of constructing a porous, ceramic pavement that is permeable to aqueous fluids and more resistant to acidic rainwater than concrete. The method includes selecting a porous, ceramic paving material having a compressive strength sufficient for a particular use of a surface to be paved. A base material can be selected to serve as a support for the paving material, wherein the base material is permeable to aqueous fluids. The base material is applied to the surface to be paved, and the paving material is positioned on top of the base material to provide a porous, ceramic pavement.

Abstract: An irregular, tessellated building unit comprises x primary elements, wherein x is an integer equal to or greater than 1. The primary element is a rotational tessellation having a plural pairs of sides extending in a generally radial direction from plural vertices, respectively. In each pair, the two sides are rotationally spaced by an angle that is divided evenly into 360 degrees. Preferably, all of the sides are irregularly shaped. In one preferred embodiment all six sides are irregularly shaped, images of each other and comprise mid-point rotations. As a result, any side of any unit can mate with any other side of any other unit. Optionally, spacers are provided on the sides of each unit. A wide variety of units may be constructed having different numbers and arrangements of primary elements. As all the units are combinations of primary elements, they readily mate with each other.

Abstract: Recycled tire paver blocks with hidden interconnectors are cast blocks composed at least of a binder and rubber, the rubber being shredded rubber from recycled tires. The block has a top, a bottom and at least one sidewall, and has a substantially symmetric shape from a top view. It has at least one protruding male interconnector located on and extending outwardly from the at least one sidewall, and having at least one female interconnector located under the block on its bottom, at least 90 degrees away from the male interconnector as measured in an arc from a centerpoint of the block. The at least one female interconnector is a recess adapted to receive a male interconnector of a similar block. When the paver block male interconnector is inserted into a female interconnector of a similar block, both interconnectors are significantly hidden from top view.

Abstract: The present invention provides a modular flooring system including a ramp to facilitate entry and exit from the flooring system. The ramp may be modular and interconnect with all or parts of a perimeter of the flooring system, and the ramp may also interconnect with adjacent ramp members.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grass paver with a rectangular lattice-like body which is formed by intersecting transverse struts and longitudinal struts which form at least one grid opening, wherein the transverse struts project beyond the longitudinal struts and the longitudinal struts project beyond the transverse struts, wherein corners of the grass paver are each formed by a leg of one of the transverse struts and a leg of one of the longitudinal struts. Here, at least one transverse strut and/or at least one longitudinal strut has a zigzag-shaped and/or wavy profile when seen in plan view.

Abstract: A panel apparatus comprises a tongue-in-groove connection connecting first and second panels. A support secured to one of the panels underlies the tongue-in-groove connection for support thereof when a load is applied.

Abstract: The invention is directed to interlocking ground cover mats that can be used to facilitate the passage of heavy equipment and vehicles on wet or disturbed ground. The ground cover mats are comprised of boards contained within a metal frame. The side surfaces of the mats are connected using an interlock member and an interlock opening. The end surface of the mats is connected using a retaining pin that feeds through openings in perpendicular plates, or alternatively using complimentary pins and recesses.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pattern-changing walk path on top of which some groove lines and some raised ridges or dots form an anti-skidding layer for children's play and games. The modular design may be disassembled into the units for storage, taking up little room since they can be stacked together, and can be securely attached to one another when put together for use.

Abstract: The modular traffic calming device comprises a plurality of substantially rectangular modules. Each module is connectable to one or more adjacent modules using a complementary interlocking connection across a first of the side faces of modules, and using a complementary non-interlocking connection across a second of the side faces of the modules.

Abstract: The present invention provides floor tiles and modular floors. The floor tiles may include a locking system that allows adjacent tiles to interlock, while also permitting a predetermined amount of lateral sliding relative to one another. The modular tiles may be injection molded, and a minor change in the mold facilitates variation to the amount of lateral slide allowed between interlocked tiles. The floor tiles may also provide three layers of traction, providing more sure footing than previous flooring systems. In addition, the floor tiles may comprise a two-tier suspension system that yields a flex or spring-like effect.

Abstract: Vertically joined flooring material comprising floor elements (1) with a mainly triangular, square, rectangular, rhomboidal or polygonal shape, as seen from above. The floor elements (1) are provided with edges (2) which are provided with joining members (20), a lower side (5) and a decorative top surface (3). The flooring material comprises a combination of at least two types of floor elements (1), which types comprises female floor elements (1?) and male floor elements (1?). The female floor element (1?) is provided with a female joining member (21) on at least half of the number of its edges (2) and a male joining member (22) on less than half of the number of its edges (2). The male floor element (1?) is provided with a male joining member (22) on at least two thirds of the number of its edges (2) and a female joining member (21) on less than one third of the number of its edges (2.

Abstract: A tile for an interlocking rubber mat includes a tile body having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a rectangular peripheral edge. The upper surface is imprinted with a repeating paving stone pattern of a square adjacent an octagon. Each square has four sides of equal length, and each octagon has every second side equal to the sides of the square. A series of projections extend beyond at least one side of the peripheral edge, the space between the projections being adapted to receive the projections of an adjacent tile. Each projection includes a projecting square and a projecting octagon, wherein the projecting square of each projection is adjacent a peripheral octagon of the at least one side of the peripheral edge and the projecting octagon is adjacent a remote side of the projecting square opposite the peripheral octagon. Each peripheral octagon on the at least one side having an associated projection.

Abstract: A tile for an interlocking rubber mat includes a tile body having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a rectangular peripheral edge. The upper surface is imprinted with a repeating paving stone pattern of a square adjacent an octagon. Each square has four sides of equal length, and each octagon has every second side equal to the sides of the square. A series of projections extend beyond at least one side of the peripheral edge, the space between the projections being adapted to receive the projections of an adjacent tile. Each projection includes a projecting square and a projecting octagon, wherein the projecting square of each projection is adjacent a peripheral octagon of the at least one side of the peripheral edge and the projecting octagon is adjacent a remote side of the projecting square opposite the peripheral octagon. Each peripheral octagon on the at least one side having an associated projection.

Abstract: A portable ‘surface covering’ for mainly outdoor use, in a horizontal or inclined plane, subject to support from the underlying substratum. The ‘surface covering’ has means to maintain its position in loose, unstable, easily penetrated substratum, using tube pegs, ‘envelopes’, or a down-turned edge or edges/fin or fins; with versions made from a range of materials of various flexibilities/strength. The ‘surface covering’ in one embodiment is smooth, used as a slide, and has versions that can be multi or single lane, various lengths, one piece, or requiring assembly from a plurality of pieces or units, which may overlap other units to create various length slides, hi the inventions pathway/cycleway embodiment each individual unit may also be physically linked at the point of overlap and the surface be of a non-slip nature. FIG. 12 shows how a representation of the ‘surface covering’ can be arranged.

Abstract: The invention relates to a paving stone (1), especially for road construction. The paving stone (1) has side flanks (23) preferably directed perpendicularly with respect to the laying plane. At least two coupling members (3, 4) are disposed on at least one side flank (23) wherein the coupling members correspond with the coupling members (3, 4) of an adjacent paving stone (1). At least one coupling member (4) has a width substantially corresponding to the clear width between two adjacent coupling members (3, 4) of an adjacent paving stone (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to modular cladding for paving, comprising hexagonal sections (2). According to the invention, the long sides of the sections are straight and parallel, while the ends of the four remaining sides are positioned in pairs at an angle of 90°. In addition, a recess (5) is provided at each of the ends of the shorter sides of the section, said recess having similar dimensions to those of a tongue (6) that is disposed on the adjacent side. Moreover, the bodies (2) are sub-divided into two trapezoidal zones by means of a longitudinal rib (4) which is equipped with a longitudinal split line on the sides thereof.

Abstract: A paver stone system comprises a first paver stone having a generally trapezoidal configuration, a second paver stone having a generally triangular configuration, and a third paver stone having a generally rhombus configuration. The paver stones are used to construct a path having any desired pattern.

Abstract: A concrete paving stone is cast with an irregularly shaped hexagonal contour and defines six distinct irregularly shaped projections and six irregularly curved concave formations. The projections and concave formations are all of unlike shape. Spacer members are cast in the sidewall of the stone and have a top slopped surface containing thereon an indicia mark to facilitate laying these stones in side-by-side meshing relationship to form a paved surface area having the appearance of having been made by a plurality of unlike stones having no repeat pattern.

Abstract: A paving brick assembly includes: a plurality of polygonal main bricks, each of which has a plurality of first lateral sides and a plurality of second lateral sides that are alternately disposed with the first lateral sides, each of the first lateral sides being formed with a vertical protrusion, each of the second lateral sides being formed with a vertical groove and a horizontal groove; and a plurality of polygonal connecting bricks, each of which has a pair of opposite connecting lateral sides and a pair of opposite coupling lateral sides. Each of the connecting lateral sides is formed with a connecting protrusion. Each of the coupling lateral sides is formed with a coupling groove.

Abstract: A portable overlapping secured mat system with uniformly sized plastic mats joined together to form structural support surface for use by persons or equipment. The mats' edges have recessed upper and lower lips with finger projections extending from the upper lips sized to fit into holes of adjacent mats' lower lips securing the mats together when the front edge of the finger projections are moved into a recesses of the back wall of the hole.

Abstract: An irregular, tessellated building unit comprises x primary elements, wherein x is an integer equal to or greater than 1. The primary element is a rotational tessellation having a plural pairs of sides extending in a generally radial direction from plural vertices, respectively. In each pair, the two sides are rotationally spaced by an angle that is divided evenly into 360 degrees. Preferably, all of the sides are irregularly shaped, but one or more sides could be wholly or partially straight. Optionally, spacers are provided on the sides of each unit. A wide variety of units may be constructed having different numbers and arrangements of primary elements. As all the units are combinations of primary elements, they readily mate with each other. A surface covering comprises a multiplicity of units assembled to form a continuous surface without overlap between units and without substantial gaps between units. A structure, such as a wall or column can be formed of building units of the invention.

Abstract: A dry-cast concrete block for use in a structure comprising a plurality of concrete blocks. The dry-cast concrete block comprises three convex sides and three concave sides alternating with the three convex sides. The dry-cast concrete block also comprises a surface located between the three convex sides and the three concave sides and comprising at least one portion having a cast texture with a natural stone appearance. Each of the three convex sides is adapted to register with either one of three concave sides of an adjacent one of the concrete blocks to enable positioning of the dry-cast concrete block in different positions relative to the adjacent one of the concrete blocks.

Abstract: A method for fabricating and forming a continuous covered area, such as a sidewalk or patio, employing vertically interlocking tessellated components. One embodiment, termed PORTAPAVE™, achieves this interlocking via an array of uniquely configured two-sectioned pavers. Each paver has a first section of a first shape and a second section of a second shape impressed upon the first section and bonded together. In one embodiment, first sections of pavers are installed in a bottom layer to form a cavity between them having the same shape as the second section of a paver that is inverted onto the pavers of the bottom layer, thus providing a top layer. Each inverted paver in this top layer is fitted to interlock in that cavity formed between the un-inverted pavers in the bottom layer.

Abstract: A block according to the present invention is a block comprising a base body part, a first protruding part, and a second protruding part, which are integrally formed with each other. The base body part has a left lower side face, a right lower side face, a left upper side face, and a right upper side face formed as respective sloping faces. The first protruding part has a lower surface thereof formed by first to third left-hand sloping faces, an upper surface thereof formed by fourth to sixth left-hand sloping faces, and a left side surface thereof formed by seventh and eighth left-hand sloping faces. The second protruding part has a lower surface thereof formed by first to third right-hand sloping faces, an upper surface thereof formed by fourth to sixth right-hand sloping faces, and a right side surface thereof formed by seventh and eighth right-hand sloping faces.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ground flooring device, system and method which includes connectable slats or panels having connection means which allow a series of slats to be quickly assembled, rolled up for storage or transport, and unrolled for deployment. The connection means can comprise specially adapted hinge members provided on the edges of the panels for flexible, yet secure attachment. The slats can be secured in a series, and a series of slats can be secured in multiple rows to create a solid, manipulable floor readily deployable on ground areas of virtually any shape.

Abstract: The invention is directed to interlocking ground cover mats that can be used to facilitate the passage of heavy equipment and vehicles on wet or disturbed ground. The ground cover mats are comprised of boards contained within a metal frame. The side surfaces of the mats are connected using an interlock member and an interlock opening. The end surface of the mats is connected using a retaining pin that feeds through openings in perpendicular plates, or alternatively using complimentary pins and recesses.

Abstract: An mat system with each mat having sloping lips which overlap with an adjacent mat's sloping lips and are secured by interlocking joints in the mats' lips and/or by captive locking pins to form an easily assembled and interconnected flat surface. In use, opposing ledges forms a slot within holes in the top overlapping lips to receive a captive locking pin. The pin is captive by mid body prongs which fix underneath the ledges in a mat's upper lip's holes, and the pin locks and unlocks with rotary turning of the pin resulting in the pin's keeper feet fixing underneath the similar ledges in the holes of the lower lip of an adjacent mat.

Abstract: A grid-type platform especially suited for use supporting vehicle wheels to provide traction while traveling off-road especially through environmentally sensitive topography, and to prevent unnecessary and excessive wear and damage to such off-road paths or trails. More specifically this invention relates to a grid-type platform having a plurality of grid sections defined by intersection lateral and longitudinal walls and having an intermediate support designed to provide all-terrain vehicles and four-wheel drive vehicles the necessary traction to reduce tire slippage and rutting when traveling through off-road trails or paths particularly through environmentally sensitive areas.

Abstract: A cluster of paving elements is formed with a peripheral edge having a re-entrant formation formed between the upper supporting surface and the lower, supported surface. The formation engages a complimentary formation on an adjacent cluster to inhibit relative movement between the clusters. The re-entrant formation may be applied to individual paving elements in the cluster or to the exposed faces of the elements at the periphery of the cluster. The elements in the cluster may be shaped to inter-engage to inhibit relative movement between the elements with in the cluster.

Abstract: The invention relates to an artificial stone floor element with a basic shape that corresponds to the combination of a plurality of square basic elements, especially to an angular floor element. The floor element includes projections and recesses along its peripheral sides of the basic element when seen from the centre of the respective top face of the basic element is substantially point-symmetric with respect to its mid-point. The floor element in further embodiments includes a profile that consists of three projections and three recesses.

Abstract: A rollable load bearing mat for protecting turf areas from damage caused by weight bearing loads, such as vehicle or pedestrian traffic, configured from a plurality of interconnected mat units having a plurality of spaced apart cell rows comprising a plurality of generally upstanding tubular cell members. The cell members comprise a series of first cell members and adjoining second cell members that, in the preferred embodiment, share a common sidewall and are axially offset. The cell rows are interconnected by a plurality of flexible strap members configured to allow the mat unit to be rolled for ease of handling and installation. The cell member sidewalls and the flexible strap members are configured to provide a substantially open cell member to facilitate plant growth through the mat unit. Connecting mechanisms at the periphery of the mat unit connect with adjacent mat units to form a unitary load bearing mat.

Abstract: A constructional panel has a generally rectangular central section and two opposed end sections, each having an isosceles trapezoid part, its short edge conjoined to an edge of the central section and its long edge conjoined to a rectangular part, there being oblique edges extending between the long and short edges. The panel is thus bound by one pair of opposed edges of the central section, the oblique edges of the two end sections, one pair of opposed edges of the rectangular part and a further edge of the rectangular part opposed to that edge conjoined to the trapezoid part. The panel edges are configured for connection to the corresponding edges of like panels to build up an area of panelling. Projecting tabs from some edges are received in corresponding receptors on opposed edges and having lock arrangements, whereby the interengaged panels may be locked together.

Abstract: A road mat having a mat body with a first coupling end and a second coupling end. A first locking mechanism is provided at the first coupling end that includes a male coupling member and a female coupling member. A second locking mechanism is provided at the second coupling end that includes a male coupling member and a female coupling member. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention the first locking mechanism is a reciprocating mirror image of the second locking mechanism. The road mat of the present invention may be used in a road mat system that includes at least one prior road mat and at least one successive road mat. The second locking mechanism of the prior road mat is suitable for interlocking with the first locking mechanism of the successive road mat.

Abstract: A continuous covered area, such as a sidewalk or patio, is formed by vertically interlocking tessellated components. One embodiment, termed PORTAPAVE™, achieves this interlocking via an array of uniquely configured two-sectioned pavers. Each paver has a first section of a first shape and a second section of a second shape impressed upon the first section and bonded together. In one embodiment, first sections of pavers in an installed bottom layer form a cavity between them having the same shape as the second section of a paver that is inverted onto the pavers of the bottom layer, thus providing a top layer. Each inverted paver in this top layer is fitted to interlock in that cavity formed between the un-inverted pavers in the bottom layer. Also provided is a method of making the components, e.g., pavers, and a method of installing them.

Abstract: A plurality of interlocking tile pieces form a generally flat traffic-carrying surface. The tile are locked together in a manner to form a plurality of non-bendable tile joints. The tile includes a hinge or fold line along a first axis and a hinge or fold line along a second axis. The hinges allow the multi-tile traffic carrying surface to be rolled up into a hollow tube from any direction along one of the axes, beginning at any edge of the traffic carrying surface. The rolled-up floor covering is made up of a plurality of tile panels.

Abstract: A block pavement comprising (concrete) paving blocks (11, 12) is formed in such a way that individual paving strips (21, 22) adjoining one another are delimited from one another by strip joints (23, 24) designed in a wave-like manner. Each paving strip (21, 22) comprises a block unit (10), which is formed along the lines of the contour of a paving strip (21, 22).

Abstract: The present invention provides a ground flooring device, system and method which includes connectable slats or panels having connection means which allow a series of slats to be quickly assembled, rolled up for storage or transport, and unrolled for deployment. The connection means can comprise specially adapted hinge members provided on the edges of the panels for flexible, yet secure attachment. The slats can be secured in a series, and a series of slats can be secured in multiple rows to create a solid, manipulable floor readily deployable on ground areas of virtually any shape.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for laying and mechanically joining building panels, especially thin, hard, floating floors. Adjacent joint edges (3, 4) of two panels (1, 2) engage each other to provide a first mechanical connection locking the joint edges (3, 4) in a first direction (D1) perpendicular to the principal plane of the panels. In each joint, there is further provided a strip (6) which is integrated with one joint edge (3) and which projects behind the other joint edge (4). The strip (6) has an upwardly protruding locking element (8) engaging in a locking groove (14) in the rear side (16) of the other joint edge (4) to form a second mechanical connection locking the panels (1, 2) in a second direction (D2) parallel to the principal plane of the panels and at right angles to the joint. Both the first and the second mechanical connection allow mutual displacement of joined panels (1, 2) in the direction of the joint.

Abstract: A road mat having a mat body with a first coupling end and a second coupling end. A first locking mechanism is provided at the first coupling end that includes a male coupling member and a female coupling member. A second locking mechanism is provided at the second coupling end that includes a male coupling member and a female coupling member. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention the first locking mechanism is a reciprocating mirror image of the second locking mechanism. The road mat of the present invention may be used in a road mat system that includes at least one prior road mat and at least one successive road mat. The second locking mechanism of the prior road mat is suitable for interlocking with the first locking mechanism of the successive road mat.

Abstract: The waterproof decking is a series of embodiments of extruded panels for forming a watertight deck assembly. First side, second side, and intermediate panels are provided, each having complementary edges for mating with other corresponding panels. One edge of the first side and intermediate panels is provided with a drainage gutter and the tongue or groove of a tongue and groove connection, with mating edges of the second side and intermediate panels being provided with the mating tongue or groove configuration, depending upon the embodiment. Each of the embodiments includes a depending drip rail which serves to wedge tightly against the opposite wall of the gutter of the adjoining panel to prevent relative motion between the two, and also to prevent capillary flow of liquid across the underside of the panel where it could leak into the area below. Additional sealing may be provided along the tongue and groove joints.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated warped pavement slab and a forming system for making the slabs. The forming system includes a plurality of forming sections which can be adjusted so as to form a warped-plane pavement slab. Also disclosed are methods for making the pavement slab and forming system. Also disclosed is a method for installing the warped pavement slab.

Abstract: A interlocking paving unit has a top surface (2) and a plurality of side surfaces (4, 5), with at least one of the side surfaces (4, 5) of the paving unit being provided with at least one substantially vertically extending, substantially asymmetric protrusion (10). The protrusion (10) comprises a first ridge portion (11) and a second portion (12) being spaced apart by an intermediate portion (13). The protrusion (10) is locatable in a complementary recess on an adjacent paving unit, wherein the interengagement between the protrusion and the recess provides interlock between the paving unit and an adjacent paving unit.

Abstract: Vertically joined flooring material comprising floor elements (1) with a mainly triangular, square, rectangular, rhomboidal or polygonal shape, as seen from above. The floor elements (1) are provided with edges (2) which are provided with joining members (20), a lower side (5) and a decorative top surface (3). The flooring material comprises a combination of at least two types of floor elements (1), which types comprises female floor elements (1?) and male floor elements (1?). The female floor element (1?) is provided with a female joining member (21) on at least half of the number of its edges (2) and a male joining member (22) on less than half of the number of its edges (2). The male floor element (1?) is provided with a male joining member (22) on at least two thirds of the number of its edges (2) and a female joining member (21) on less than one third of the number of its edges (2.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated pavement slab having a binder distribution system and an interconnection system formed for attachment of the bottom surface of the slab, wherein both the binder distribution system and the interconnection system are accessible from the top surface of the slab, such that the binder material may be injected into the binder distribution and interconnection systems from the top surface of the slab.

Abstract: The invention relates to an artificial stone floor element with a basic shape that corresponds to the combination of a plurality of square basic elements, especially to an angular floor element. The floor element includes projections and recesses along its peripheral sides of the basic element when seen from the center of the respective top face of the basic element is substantially point-symmetric with respect to its mid-point. The inventive floor element is further characterized in that the profile consists of three projections and three recesses.

Abstract: A palisade comprises visible or wall surfaces disposed on opposing sides and intermediate end faces. One of the end faces is provided with a projecting convex head, while the other end face comprises a correspondingly formed concave receptacle for the head. When forming a palisade wall, the head of a palisade can engage in the receptacle of a neighboring palisade such that the head substantially completely fills the receptacle. To be able to bend neighboring palisades relative to one another over a large angle and to increase the design possibilities of a palisade wall, the head and the receptacle are disposed eccentrically on the respective end face and preferably in the corner region between the end face and the associated visible or wall surface.

Abstract: A pre-fabricated warped pavement slab and a forming system for making the slabs. The forming system includes a plurality of forming sections which can be adjusted so as to form a warped-plane pavement slab. Also disclosed are methods for making the pavement slab and forming system. Also disclosed is a method for installing the warped pavement slab.