Abstract: Disclosed is an automotive milling machine for machining ground surfaces, comprising an engine frame (2), a movable milling drum (8) which is mounted on the engine frame (2), at least one conveying device (14,18) which is arranged on the engine frame (2) and takes over the milled material (3) from the milling drum (8) at a transfer location (5), and a device (20) sucking off the air that is polluted with dust and fumes. The milled material (3) is enclosed by a duct (16,16a,16b) on the at least one conveying device (14,18), said duct (16) being separated into two sections (16a,16b). The suction device (20) is connected to the first section (16a) of the duct (16) downstream from the first transfer location (5) and sucks off the air that has been polluted during milling at the milling drum (8) as well as inside the first section (16a) of the duct (16) essentially in the direction in which the material is conveyed.

Abstract: A method for constructing an automotive vehicle parking lot (10) on a land area (12) is provided. A composite drainage material (20) is provided through which water drains. The composite drainage material (20) comprises a polymeric open mesh core (22) between first and second layers (24 and 26) of a non-woven geo-textile fabric. The land area (12) is covered with the material (20) by placing rolls (28) of the material adjacent one another. The rolls (28) are unrolled over the land area (12) so that longitudinal edge portions (30 and 40) of adjacent rolls adjoin one another. A portion (34, 44) of the longitudinal edge portions (30 and 40) are overlapped and secured to each other, and not to the land area (12), to create a gapless and continuous surface (84) of the material (20), with the majority of the land area (12) lying underneath the material. The first layer (24) of each of the rolls (28) contacts the land area (12).

Abstract: Disclosed is an automotive milling machine for machining ground surfaces, comprising an engine frame (2), a movable milling drum (8) which is mounted on the engine frame (2), at least one conveying device (14, 18) which is arranged on the engine frame (2) and takes over the milled material (3) from the milling drum (8) at a transfer location (5), and a device (20) sucking off the air that is polluted with dust and fumes. The milled material (3) is enclosed by a duct (16, 16a, 16b) on the at least one conveying device (14, 18), said duct (16) being separated into two sections (16a, 16b). The suction device (20) is connected to the first section (16a) of the duct (16) downstream from the first transfer location (5) and sucks off the air that has been polluted during milling at the milling drum (8) as well as inside the first section (16a) of the duct (16) essentially in the direction in which the material is conveyed.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions and methods for treating a particulate and for dust and erosion control. The compositions comprise a dissolved sugar solid. Preferably, the composition comprises a dissolved sugar solid, further in combination with a salt or a lignin, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method and material for preventing erosion and maintaining playability of golf course sand bunkers. A geotextile liner is formed of two water-permeable layers. A first non-woven layer of randomly-aligned, synthetic fibers is configured and adapted to maintain sand in place within a sand bunker. A second backing layer formed of spunbond synthetic fiber is impervious to sand and configured and adapted to prevent downward migration of sand through the liner, while also preventing the upward migration of weeds, rocks and other contaminants that hinder the playability of the sand bunker. The backing layer also permits seams between adjacent sections of the liner to be joined by staples that penetrate the second layer but do not penetrate the native soil. Sections of the liner are laid within an unfilled sand bunker, and cut to fit the contours of the bunker as necessary.

Abstract: Dust from and erosion of earth surfaces is controlled by the application of a fatty acid containing material such as used vegetable oil, animal renderings, or a combination thereof such as Yellow Grease to the surface and allowing the surface to harden and dry. The hardening and drying of the surface may be accelerated by making an at least semi-emulsion of the fatty acid containing material with a surface binding material such as lignin, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, or a mixture thereof, and water. With the at least semi-emulsion, the fatty acid containing material makes up between about 30% to about 75% of the product, the surface binding material makes up between about 10% and about 40%, with the water making up the remainder. The product is applied to the earth surface to be treated and dries in several hours.

Abstract: A soil stabilization composition is provided for enhancing compaction and reducing permeability of different types of soil. The composition includes an acrylic copolymer resin, an enzyme and portland cement. The proportions of resin enzyme and cement will vary in accordance with the type of soil being treated. Sandier soils typically require higher volumes of product than sandier soils, and may require different relative compositions of ingredients.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for constructing a temporary automotive vehicle parking lot (10) on a land area (12) is provided. A composite drainage material (20) is provided through which water drains. The composite drainage material (20) comprises a polymeric open mesh core (22) between first and second layers (24 and 26) of a non-woven geo-textile fabric. The land area (12) is covered with the material (20) by placing rolls (28) of the material adjacent one another. The rolls (28) are unrolled over the land area (12) so that longitudinal edge portions (30 and 40) of adjacent rolls adjoin one another. A portion (34, 44) of the longitudinal edge portions (30 and 40) are overlapped and secured to each other, and not to the land area (12), to create a gapless and continuous surface (84) of the material (20), with the majority of the land area (12) lying underneath the material. The first layer (24) of each of the rolls (28) contacts the land area (12).

Abstract: A method of paving a gravel and/or dirt roadway is provided. This method includes evaluating the roadway to determine if it is an appropriate candidate for emulsion stabilization, rotating a milling head down a roadway to break up gravel and dirt, injecting an asphalt emulsion into the broken up gravel and dirt, and mixing the emulsion with the gravel and dirt so as to form an emulsion stabilized layer. The emulsion stabilized layer is then spread and compacted to create a paved roadway. Following this, a wearing surface may be applied to the emulsion stabilized layer.

Abstract: There is described a method for controlling the amount of ionized gases and/or particles suspended in the air above roads, streets, open spaces or the like. This is done by establishing an electrical field between the top layer of a road, street, open space or the like, and the said ionized gases and/or particles. By means of controlling the electrical field we will be able to control the amount of ionized gases and/or particles. The invention also indicates how the electrical field can be established between surfaces in the immediate vicinity of a road, street, open space or the like, for example in tunnel walls. The electrical field is established by making at least the top layer of the surface concerned electrically conductive and connecting it to earth or to one pole of an electrical voltage source.

Abstract: A method for treating golf course sand traps to reduce contamination of the sand and to reduce erosion. The bottom of the trap, which is substantially devoid of playing sand is roughened. An initial amount of hydrophobic liquid polyurethane is applied to the roughened soil on the bottom of the trap. The trap is raked and an additional amount of hydrophobic liquid polyurethane is applied to the bottom of the trap. A thin layer of sand is applied to the bottom of the trap and a further additional amount of hydrophobic liquid polyurethane is applied to the sand and the sand is raked. The thin layer of sand is sprayed with water and the trap is permitted to cure for approximately 24 hours. A sufficient amount of playing sand is then added to the trap so the trap is playable.

Abstract: A treatment product for earth surfaces, particularly earth surfaces which generate dust such as dirt roads or parking lots, includes a fatty acid containing material and water in at least a temporary semi-emulsion state when applied to the earth surface. The fatty acid containing material may be used vegetable oil, animal renderings, or a combination thereof such as Yellow Grease. An emulsifying agent can be used to help emulsify the fatty acid material in the water. The fatty acid material makes up between about 10% to about 85% of the product with the water, and emulsifying agent, if used, making up the remainder. When used, the emulsifying agent can make up to about 1% of the amount of water used. The product is applied to the earth surface to be treated and dries in several hours.

Abstract: A vehicular automotive soil treating machine having a main frame structure provided on an automotive drive means to support thereon a soil feeding stage including at least a soil hopper and an additive hopper for feeding soil and an additive soil improving material, a soil processing stage including a soil processing trough which is internally provided with a mixing device for mixing soil and additive material while being transferred from one to the other end of the soil processing trough, and a processed soil discharging stage including a soil discharging conveyer for transferring processed soil of improved quality in a predetermined direction. The soil processing trough is provided with an inlet opening on the upper side of its fore end portion to receive soil and additive material therethrough, and an outlet opening on the bottom side of its rear end portion to discharge processed soil of improved quality toward the discharging conveyer.

Abstract: An excavated opening (10) through a pavement (12) of a highway and through the underlying base material (14) to expose a gas main (16) is filled by (i) mixing on site cement, foaming agent and water to produce a fluid grout (26), (ii) mixing the grout with loose excavated spoil (22) in the opening, (iii) agitating the mixture using a hand-held poker vibrator (30), (iv) and repeating this procedure until the level (40) is reached. The level (40) corresponds to the underside of a protective layer (50) which is subsequently applied. The majority of the excavated loose spoil from the opening is reused.

Abstract: Apparatus for pretreating a pothole preparatory to filling thereof including determining the size and/or path of revolution of a treatment member responsive to determining the location and size of the pothole to be repaired; lowering the treatment member into the pothole; selectively revolving said treatment member and/or rotating said treatment member to abrade, compact and densify the portion of the pothole surrounding the surface thereof. Debris or other particulate in the pothole or developed by the abrading operation may be removed by a vacuum member. The pothole may be sprayed with a fluent material to either harden the surface or reduce the porosity of or render the sticky the surface of the pothole to provide a better bond between the pothole and the filler material. The force applied by the treatment member to the pothole surface is sensed and used as feedback information to control the abrading/compressing/densifying force.

Abstract: A grid for producing a pattern on a surface. The grid includes elongated members connected together at intersections and extending about a plurality of open areas to form a mesh-like structure. Connecting members are connected to the elongated members at the intersections. The connecting members extend outwardly from at least one said elongated member. The connecting members have a thickness less than the thickness of the elongated members. The bottoms of the connecting members and bottoms of the elongated members are flush. The grid is placed on a surface and a liquid coating is spread over the surface in the open areas between the elongated members. The liquid coating is allowed to set. Preferably there is a removable coating on the grid which is removed after the liquid coating is set.

Abstract: A method for reinforcing materials already in place in the ground using fibrous additives.

Abstract: A material intended to form grounds, layers or sublayers of terrains or of carriageways.It contains an ungraded granulated material such as sand or pulverulent materials of industrial origin to which bundles of glass filaments are added in a proportion from 0.01 to 0.1%.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a soil or ground quality stabilizer comprising a mixture formed by mixing a burned sewage sludge ash the main contents of which are CaO, SiO.sub.2 and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 with a lime of calcium hydroxide to reduce hydraulicity and a fine Fe oxides mixture powder byproduced in steel production the main content of which is iron oxide. The soil or ground quality stabilizer is added into a pavement material containing crushed stones, natural soil, etc. to improve the strength and viscoelasticity of the natural soil and can give a desired CBR strength to the soil having an increased moisture content. The preferable adding ratio of the fine Fe oxides mixture powder into the mixture of the burned sewage sludge ash and the lime of calcium hydroxide is within the range of 15-35 weight %.

Abstract: A slurry composition for stabilizing the upper layers of the earth comprising a lime and a fly ash having a calcium oxide content of less than 18% and water.

Abstract: Abstract A method for stabilizing the upper layers of the earth's surface is claimed that comprises the steps of: mixing an amount of lime with an amount of water, simultaneously or sequentially mixing an amount of fly ash with the lime/water mix to form a slurry, distributing said slurry onto the earth's surface and working said slurry into the upper layers of the earth's surface.

Abstract: A geotechnical mat for stabilizing soil and controlling erosion comprising a plurality of flat strips of tire tread oriented in a planar array, and means for connecting said strips to one another in said planar array.

Abstract: Spray apparatus for applying a fixative liquid chemical to freshly loaded railway coal cars includes a pivoting boom mounted atop a column. The column is both rotatable, to enable avoiding encroaching on a railway right of way, and vertically adjustable, to accommodate cars loaded to different heights. Boom pivot and column vertical movement are powered. Three rows of spray nozzles are supported from the boom. Each nozzle has its own valve. A first row of nozzles sprays the frontal, inclined surface of heaped coal. A second row sprays the main body of heaped coal, and a third row sprays the rearward, inclined surface. Photoresponsive sensors initiate spray signals, which are conditioned by timers. Progress of a railway car past these sensors initiates spray signals, which are suitably delayed, then discontinued, by timers. Total spray time for any one car is limited by an additional timer. Train speed is gauged by an observer, after which timing functions are determined to spray each car appropriately.

Abstract: A scarifier comprises a plurality of supported, downwardly depending, axially secured scarifying teeth supported on a scarifying-tooth supporting frame connected in loose fitting relation to a tractor to thereby operatively impart a first component of lateral play at respective scarifying tip ends. The frame also includes a bracket engaging respective shank portions of the scarifying teeth en axially secured relation with sufficient degrees of lateral freedom to provide a second component of lateral play to spaced apart scarifying points of respective ones of those teeth.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for chemically stabilizing cohesive soils. Sulfuric acid, citrus stripper oil, and water are admixed to the soil. Then the soil is packed to consolidate the soil particles.

Abstract: This suppressant comprises at least 45% water. A water thickening agent is dissolved in water, and forms with water the dispersion medium. A coal tar pitch is dissolved in an aromatic solvent and forms the dispersed liquid which results in suspension. The aromatic solvent has generally a residual softening point of about 40.degree.-70.degree. C. (as measured by ASTM-D-36). This dust suppressant has a viscosity of 3500 to 15000 cps at 25.degree. C. A process for making same comprises: 1- adding to water having a pH of about 7 to 9, a thickening agent to form a dispersion medium having a viscosity of at least 2000 centipoises at 25.degree. C. as measured with ASTM-D4420, with a Brookfield, 2- dispensing under high shear conditions into the dispersion medium, a pitch dissolved in an aromatic solvent, at least 70% of which is boiling over 270.degree. C., to obtain a (in concentrate form) suspension having at least 45% water content.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for chemically stabilizing cohesive soils. Sulfuric acid, citrus stripper oil, and water are admixed to the soil. Then the soil is packed to consolidate the soil particles.

Abstract: A composition for preparing a stabilizing road base and method for preparing same. The composition and method for preparing same comprise 30-50% by volume of gypsum fines having a diameter of less than one inch, 30-70% by volume of at least one aggregate having a diameter of less than one inch and 0-40% by volume of soil mixed into a substantially homogeneous mixture, the mixture having less than 14% by volume of particles with a diameter of less than 0.02 inch. The mixture is saturated with at least one lignosulfonate so that the lignosulfonate substantially coats the gypsum fines, the aggregate and the soil. The invention also discloses a road having a stabilizing road base and method for preparing same.

Abstract: A soil, which has been regulated in particle-diameter, is blended with a hydraulic material and water or an aqueous solution of synthetic resin emulsion, so that a moisture content may be 1.2 to 1.5 times an optimum soil compacting moisture content, and then stirred and followed by subjecting to a rolled fill which is followed by watering or spreading an aqueous solution of a soil-agglomerating agent on the mixture, which was subjected to the rolled fill, at least one time within 1 to 5 days after the completion of the rolled fill and further watering at least one time within 7 to 21 days after the completion of the rolled fill respectively, whereby an ideal sportssurface and the like showing not only a water-permeability but also a preferable compression strength and bending strength and showing no frost heaving is obtained.

Abstract: A method of processing waste material comprises treating the material with flue dust and bonding it to form a solid mass with cement powder, e.g. Portland cement. Acidic liquors containing heavy metals can be processed. Suitable flue dust is obtained from cement manufacture.

Abstract: A dust suppressant composition comprising an aqueous solution of a dust suppressant comprising an ethoxylated alcohol and an ethoxylated alkyl phenol. The ethoxylated alcohol and ethoxylated alkyl phenol are preferably included in a weight ratio of about 1:3 to 3:1 and the dust suppressant is included in the aqueous solution in an amount of about 0.01 to about 1.0 weight percent. The composition is adapted for enhancing the settling of air-borne dust by spraying the composition in the dusty air.

Abstract: The invention describes a novel material intended for use in public works, constituted by a mixture of granular, alluvial or clay soils, of hydrophilic polymers and cationic hydrophobating additives, wherein this material presents a high insensitivity to variations of ambient humidity and is intended in particular for use with building roads.

Abstract: When compacting soil a vibration mass bearing on the ground is caused to vibrate, wherein the vibration process is controlled in dependence on the behaviour of the mass spring system, part of which being constituted by the soil. Tests have shown that in comparison with fall weights soil can be compacted up to the same extent in a shorter period of time or can be compacted to a greater extent in a same period of time.

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling dust occurring in the production, handling, transport and storing of coal which includes applying such as by spraying an aqueous solution of a gelatinized starch. The solution, which contains from about 5 to about 50% by weight of gelatinized starch, is sprayed at selected locations to prevent and/or inhibit the formation of dust. The invention also includes the use of naturally-occurring dust control derivatives such as tall oil and rosin.

Abstract: A polymeric drift control concentrate is provided for admixture with an aqueous mixture designed for application to vegetation or soil by aerial or ground spraying or discharge. The concentrate reduces the likelihood that the water or aqueous mixture will drift away from its intended target, and suppresses the formation of dust on the ground.

Abstract: An aqueous emulsion of a blend of asphalt having viscosity at 165.degree. F. of about 100 to about 1000 centipoises with a petroleum extender oil preferably having a viscosity at 40.degree. C. of not more than about 1000 centistokes, preferably stabilized with a protective colloid in conjunction with conventional surfactants, provides a particularly effective and long-lasting treatment of substrates, such as dirt or gravel roads and the like, for suppressing the evolution of fugitive dust therefrom by applying the emulsion, usually in dilute form, to the exposed surface of the substrate, as by spraying.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of improving soft ground.In this method, slurry formed by a mixture of cement-based hardener and water is supplied to the soft ground under pressure and is mixed with soft soil thereby to harden the same. Then, at least when a ground improvement machine having mixing propellers is penetrated into the above-mentioned soft soil, the cement-based hardening slurry is discharged from the mixing propellers.Further, in another method of improving soft ground according to the present invention, slurry formed by a mixture of cement-based hardener and water is supplied to the soft ground under pressure and is mixed with soft soil. Then, when deep and short walls, both consisting of mixed layer of the cement-based hardening slurry and the soft soil are formed one after the other, a plurality of deep walls are formed at a distance therebetween and then the short walls are jointly formed between a plurality of these deep walls.

Abstract: A high water content soft soil, for example from the sea or river bed, may be improved in strength by incorporating thereinto a finely divided, quenched iron blast furnace slag treated with sulfuric acid, and a Portland cement. The sulfuric acid-treated slag is a product obtained by reacting a finely divided, quenched iron blast furnace slag, such as a water-granulated iron blast furnace slag, with sulfuric acid to convert a part of its calcium components into gypsum.

Abstract: A high water content soft soil, for example from the sea or river bed, may be improved in strength by incorporating thereinto an additive composed of ingredient A including a mixture of 5-45% by weight of gypsum and 95-55% by weight of a water-granulated iron blast furnace slag having an particle size within the range of 100-1 .mu.m and ingredient B including a Portland cement. The ratio by weight of ingredient A to ingredient B is within the range of 75/25-55/45. Ingredient A is incorporated into the soft soil before incorporation of ingredient B.

Abstract: Dust is controlled on roads, in mines, on mineral and tailings piles, surfaces of pulverized coal and mineral piles contained within open transit cars such as coal cars or trucks, and other surfaces containing coal particles, rock dust, clay, soil particles and other finely divided particles subject to dusting by applying thereto a dust inhibiting amount of a liquid dispersion of watery consistency of highly branched water swellable polymer of acrylamide or an acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer, branched and/or cross-linked with a multifunctional unsaturated monomer containing more than one ethylenically unsaturated group, said cross-linked polyer or copolymer having a three-dimensional structure and being in the form of microgelatinous particles having a particle size not exceeding approximately one micron in an oil containing emulsion form, and having the properties of swelling dramatically in water and binding dust particles upon adsorption from solution.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing clay soil comprising admixing the clay soil with an effective amount of dry hydroxy-aluminum.

Abstract: An aqueous solution containing a cellulose ether in an amount of from about 0.25 to about 2.0% by weight and a wetting agent of from about 0.10 to about 0.5% by weight is described. The solution may be applied to stockpiles of aggregate materials at a rate of from about 0.05 to about 0.20 gallons per square foot of surface area to control the release of dust therefrom when subjected to high winds.

Abstract: Means for controlling the moisture content and ultimate freeze-thaw cycle parameters of a paved roadbed including, a combination of electrolytic means together with the conventional roadbed, the electrolytic means being utilized to control the moisture migration through the soil in and around the roadbed. The system comprises a combination of a roadbed having a centrally disposed paved zone flanked by lateral shoulder zones, and electrolytic means along the shoulder zone slopes for controlling the moisture migration through the surrounding soil. The electrolytic means includes a plurality of spaced electrodes, including a plurality of anodes and a plurality of cathodes arranged in spaced-apart but electrolytically coupled relationship along the lateral shoulder zone slopes. The anode means includes crushed rock high in certain metallic oxides, with the oxides selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide such as, for example, crushed dolomitic limestone or basalt.

Abstract: The dissemination of fugitive dust particles into the atmosphere is reduced by treating the particles with an aqueous solution of alkylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol and copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

Abstract: In a method of stabilizing, by means of a stabilizing machine adapted to inject a stabilizing agent into the ground, a ground surface whose bearing capacity is so low that it is unable to support the stabilizing machine or can only support said machine with difficulty, there is used a stabilizing unit supported by the drive or transport unit of said machine in front thereof as seen in the drive direction. The stabilizing unit has a width which exceeds the width of said drive or transport unit. The stabilizing agent is introduced into the ground to a depth of such magnitude, and the machine is driven at such a speed that the ground is sufficiently stabilized by said stabilizing agent introduced thereinto to support the whole of the stabilizing machine. The stabilizing unit may be partially supported by lifting and/or carrying arms of the drive unit and partially by separate ground-engaging tracks or wheels arranged between said unit and said drive unit.

Abstract: The dissemination of fugitive dust particles into the atmosphere is reduced by treating the particles with an aqueous solution of octylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol and copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

Abstract: A portland-cement stabilized soil base for a roadway is covered with an elastic rubber-asphalt layer and thereafter with a surfacing layer. The elastic layer may be formed by reacting 1 to 30% by weight of asphalt with 99-70% by weight of rubber and be applied hot as by spraying; and the surfacing layer will ordinarily be asphalt concrete composed of asphalt binding aggregate particle such as coarse stone, together. Preferably the elastic layer covered with a layer to prevent bonding of the elastic layer with an overlying asphalt concrete layer. Such bonding-preventing layer may be finely crushed stone, roofing paper, non-woven fabric, or plastic film, or the like.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing soil, such as sub-bases, bases and wear courses of roads and airport runways, sand dunes and other loose, particulate material, which includes mixing an epoxy resin ester of unsaturated fatty acids with soil, preferably at the optimum moisture content of the soil, in ratios of as little as one part of chemical to 200 parts of soil, with the amount depending on the use. Optionally, small but effective quantities of cement may be added to the composition in the range of about 2 to 20% of the weight of the soil. A soil coating or top dressing may be applied to the resultant structure if desired.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of aggregating sands to an appreciable depth so that they can be used, inter alia, for runways, roadways and the like, the method comprising applying a polymer emulsion to a body of sand in a large volume of water containing a stabilizer which ensures distribution of the polymer throughout a substantial depth and prevention of migration of the polymer as the water evaporates, thereby forming bonds between adjacent sand particles, and allowing the sand to dry.

Abstract: An aqueous dust laying formulation containing up to 2% by weight of an alkyl orthoxylene sulphonate the alkyl group containing from 8 to 11 carbons.