Abstract: Methods and systems to preserve, prepare, extract, and/or analyze hydrocarbons in the pore spaces of or adsorbed in organic-rich rock samples, such as, but not limited to, drill cuttings and drill cores, using one or more combinations of physical energy sources, including, but not limited to, thermal, vapor pressure, and mechanical stress. The collected samples are transported and prepared in low temperature conditions, with parts of subsequent processing at very low temperatures, thereby allowing a fuller measurement of geochemical fingerprints for the extracted hydrocarbons using various analysis tools. More particularly, the treatment and process allows geochemical fingerprinting to very low carbon number ranges.

Abstract: The present invention is a system for treating land, either to reclaim or optimize the land. Embedded subsurface pipes deliver water to the land. The water may be loaded with soil-treating additives. As water streams from the pipes, it treats the land before passing into a drainage ditch around the periphery of the land. The water is removed from the ditch and recycled, removing contaminants (in reclamation operations) or adding more additives (in optimization operations), before returning to the pipes for another round of treatment, if necessary.

Abstract: A surface water mitigation structure suitable for use in the storage and treatment of contaminated surface water runoff. The runoff is processed through a multi-layered filtration and treatment system wherein the first layer is one or more permeable layers that is pervious enough to allow liquid runoff to pass through it and into a porous storage medium second layer that includes one or more remediating agents, and wherein the effluent from the surface water mitigation structure can be discharged to the ground, the surface, and/or a drainage system reduced or free of contaminants.

Abstract: Methods of synthesizing Bi2S3—CdS particles in the form of spheres as well as properties of these Bi2S3—CdS particles are described. Methods of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants employing these Bi2S3—CdS particles and methods of preventing or reducing microbial growth on a surface by applying these Bi2S3—CdS particles in the form of a solution or an antimicrobial product onto the surface are also specified.

Abstract: A method of treating mercury-contaminated material to obtain a treated product having reduced mercury leachability includes the steps of (a) admixing the mercury-contaminated material with a reagent system comprising calcium sulfide (CaS) and trisodium phosphate (TNaP), wherein the calcium sulfide and trisodium phosphate are preferably provided at a CaS:TNaP ratio of from 2:1 to 1:2, on a dry weight reagent basis, and the reagent system is preferably provided in an amount equal to 0.4% to 5% by weight of the contaminated material; and (b) adding water as needed to achieve a moisture content of at least 5% by weight of the contaminated material.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing silver nanoparticles using mint can include providing a solution including silver nitrate, providing an extract of mint, mixing the silver nitrate solution and the extract solution to form an aqueous mixture, and resting the aqueous mixture for a period of time to form the silver nanoparticles. The mint can be mint grown and harvested in Medina, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: A method for controlling petroleum hydrocarbon (NAPL) sheen releases resulting from seeps, ebullition and erosion, on water surfaces, is described. An oleophilic bio-Barrier (OBBs), which may include a composite of hydrocarbon sorptive materials through which water is readily conducted, is placed at a groundwater/surface water interface (GSI) for promoting natural aerobic degradation of the intercepted/adsorbed NAPL through natural cycling of aerobic surface water and/or atmospheric oxygen. OBBs may be protected by structural covers (i.e., sand and rock gabions, as examples).

Abstract: Provided is a method of restoring arsenic-contaminated soil. In the present invention, arsenic may be easily separated from soil particles by washing the arsenic-contaminated soil by using a basic solution and simultaneously irradiating the soil with ultrasonic waves. Also, since iron oxide and manganese oxide are exposed to the basic solution by dissolving a portion of the surface of a silicate mineral using the basic solution, a residual form of arsenic may be removed.

Abstract: Method and system for the remediation of contaminated earth from hazardous substances in a batch-wise ex-situ on site manner. At least one mobile earth moving equipment, at least one mobile tumbler reactor and at least one liquid-solid separator are organized at a location in the proximity of the contaminated site. Contaminated earth portions are collected from the contaminated site batch by batch in the mobile earth moving equipment and transferred to the mobile tumbler reactor at the location. The contaminated earth portions in the mobile tumbler reactor are dosed with cleaning agents and water washed in the reactor under agitation or tumbling. The mixture of water washed earth portions and wash water with cleaning agents transferred into the liquid-solid separator and the wash water with the cleaning agents is separated from the mixture in the separator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a soil heavy metal curing agent for controlling accumulation of heavy metals of crops and its preparation method. The curing agent is made from the following parts of raw materials by weight: 60˜140 parts of substance containing carbon-carbon double bond; 1˜400 parts of sulfo-compound by sulfur; 50˜500 parts of organic matter by 10% water content; 0˜400 parts of water; 0˜100 parts of an initiator; 0˜200 parts of a reducer; and 0˜200 parts of a strong base. The curing agent for heavy metals in the soil according to the present invention can reduce the cadmium, lead and mercury content in the soil and further greatly reduce the roots' absorption of these heavy metals.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for cleaning contaminated soil including a process which grinds contaminated soil to separate contaminants present on the surface of the contaminated soil from the soil, and a process which injects air into a mixture of water and contaminated soil having undergone the surface grinding process to generate air bubbles and removes only the generated air bubbles to remove the contaminants included in the air bubbles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for coating keratin fibers, more particularly the eyelashes, characterized in that it is present in the form of a wax-in-water emulsion comprising a combination of at least one glutamic acid derivative and/or salt thereof and at least one alkylpolyglycoside.

Abstract: The process “Washing contaminated soils” solves the problem of cleansing and remediating soils and sediments and their fine fractions contaminated with toxic metals, using washing solution with chelating agents. The chelating agent forms water-soluble complexes with metals and thus facilitates metal removal from soils and sediments into the washing solution. In addition to toxic metals, the process according to the invention enables removal of organic pollutants from soils and sediments by using washing solution amended with surfactants, detergents or organic solvents in addition to chelating agents. The process according to the invention provides for simultaneous separation of the soil and sediment solid phase and used washing solution in a chamber filter press, and effective rinsing of the solid phase to remove all residual mobilized contaminants.

Abstract: A method or process is provided for treating contaminated sludge or soil that includes adsorbed polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCB) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (collectively termed “dioxin-furans compounds”), the method includes pulverizing the sludge or soil and thereafter directing the sludge or soil to an extraction tank where the PCB and dioxin-furan compounds are extracted from the sludge or soil and are caused to become dissolved in a solvent. The treated sludge or soil is separated from the solvent and the solvent is subjected to an ultraviolet irradiation process that destroys the PCB and dioxin-furan compounds.

Abstract: A process for treating polluted soils, in particular soils with a leachable fraction greater than 0.4%, wherein the leachable fraction contains predominantly anions, in particular sulfate ions, and/or heavy metals, includes mixing the soil with a sulfoaluminate-clinker-based hydraulic binder, in soil/binder weight proportions of between 1 and 40 parts of binder per 100 parts of soil, the sulfoaluminate clinker containing more than 50% by weight of ye?elimite C4A3S phase, less than 15% by weight of belite C2S phase, and from 1% to 5% by weight of free lime CaO. The process is used for stabilizing soils in situ or before dumping, soils polluted in particular with sulfate anions and/or heavy metal cations.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for the treatment of an environmental medium contaminated with arsenic, comprising treating such medium with an effective amount of persulfate and zero valent iron.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for treating an earth contaminated by at least one radionuclide such as cesium 137Cs comprising at least one step of separating said radionuclide by dispersed air flotation foam produced by blowing air bubbles in a suspension comprising said earth and at least one collector. The present invention also relates to the flotation foam obtained by implementing such a process.

Abstract: Contaminate soil can be treated using inductive energy. An inductive generator can generate inductive power to heat inductively heatable elements disposed in the contaminate soil or in a soil box. Input treatment gas can pass through the heated soil to remove contaminants in the soil to the exhaust. The inductively heatable elements can be placed in a mesh conduit, which can heat the input treatment gas.

Abstract: A method and system for treating golf course sand bunkers to maintain sand in a playable condition by improving the propensity for water to pass through, opening clogged drains, and decomposing organic sediment. The method and system include a drainage solution and a microbe-based solution which are applied to the sand bunker in at least two applications, separated by a period of time, preferably a month. The drainage solution comprises a blend of surfactants and/or physical stability agents and the microbe-based solution comprises a liquid and microbes.

Abstract: An emissions recycling system is used on a vehicle towing an agricultural implement to enrich the fertility of the soil. The system includes an exhaust collector for collecting exhaust emissions from the internal combustion engine of the towing vehicle and an exhaust distribution system for injecting at least a portion of the exhaust emissions collected by the exhaust collector into the ground worked by the ground working tools of the agricultural implement. Fertility of the soil is enriched by bioactivity within the soil's micro flora which consumes the greenhouse gas and emissions.

Abstract: Method for the stabilization of contaminants within a material selected from soils, mining tailings and by-products, sludge wastes and industrial wastes, by mixing the material with an alum sludge composition. The composition includes one or more aluminum compound(s) and/or complex(es) together with a reactive carbon material.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of custom stabilization of the hydrogen peroxide used in the safe in-situ treatment of soil and groundwater. In one embodiment, disclosed is a method of in-situ chemical oxidation treatment of soil and/or groundwater wherein the hydrogen peroxide has been stabilized with carboxylate salt (e.g., sodium citrate, sodium malonate, or sodium phytate).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for producing chitosan derivatives and the derivatives formed by these methods. The processes of the present disclosure utilize electrochemical methods to functionalize and/or modify amine and/or hydroxyl groups present on chitosan, to form new derivatives. In embodiments, a nitro-chitosan derivative may be prepared. The altered cationic affinity of these derivatives make them excellent candidates for environmental applications, including water and waste treatments, and fertilizers.

Abstract: Methods for fumigating soil include providing a fumigant including at least one volatile substance into or onto soil and applying over the soil a multilayer polymeric film to form a vapor barrier between the fumigant-treated soil and the atmosphere to at least partially contain the fumigant. The multilayer film includes at least one barrier layer comprising at least one vinylidene chloride polymer and protecting layers on each side of the barrier layer. The multilayer film preferably has at least one UV protecting layer and optionally at least one reflective layer.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises at least one cutting jet configured to inject a fluid into a first layer of soil below a surface layer of underwater soil in a first region. At least one soil extractor is configured to remove at least a portion of the injected fluid and a portion of the first layer of soil in the first region. A mixing manifold is provided for mixing the removed portion of the injected fluid and the removed portion of the first layer of soil. A discharge is provided for depositing the mixed fluid and soil over the surface layer of underwater soil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photocatalytic film including at least one polymer layer (1) including at least one photocatalyst, said layer being pervious to both the vapours of at least one fumigating compound and ultraviolet radiation capable of activating the photocatalyst. The present invention also relates to a method for treatment by fumigation using said photocatalytic film and at least one fumigant.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for treating ship ballast water, wherein electron beams are irradiated into the ballast water to induce radiolysis of the water, and harmful marine organisms present in the ballast water are killed by radicals produced by the radiolysis. The electron beams are continuously irradiated into the ballast water under operating conditions of an energy of 0.5-5 MeV, an electron beam irradiation dose of 0.1-30 kGy and a flow rate of 1-200 m3/hr.

Abstract: Process for treating a medium by the removal or destruction of one or more undesired substances present in said medium, comprising combining hydrogen peroxide and alkali hydroxide in an aqueous solution to form superoxide, and bringing the resultant superoxide-containing solution into contact with said medium. The process is useful for the destruction of halogenated organic pollutants and also for carbon dioxide removal from flue gases. The process can also be applied for soil remediation.

Abstract: A soil-amendment product for preparing a damaged or degraded soil ecosystem to establish a self-sustaining floral/vegetative rhizosphere contains a mixture of composted organic biomass, fiber, charcoal, and small amounts of inoculants to promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms including mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Embodiments also contain a water-holding agent such as a starch-based polymer that is effective to prevent water from flowing downhill or seeping away from the surface. Methods of application and other uses for the soil-amendment product are also described and claimed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for remediating contaminated soil through separation and process of highly contaminated coarse soil, the system including: a screen adapted to separate the contaminated soil introduced into soil having given particle sizes; multiple hydrocyclones adapted to re-separate the soil having particle sizes of more than the given values by particle size from the soil having the given particle sizes separated through the screen; a remediating unit adapted to wash the soil separated through the multiple hydrocyclones by particle size; and a filtering unit adapted to separate water from the soil washed through the remediating unit.

Abstract: Underground contamination can be treated with soil amended with oxygen gettering material. The treated soil can act as a reactive medium, creating a favorable environment to remove the contamination, such as breaking down the contamination into less harmful or harmless substances.

Abstract: This method of restricting methane production in methanogenic bacteria, by the use of the enzyme and coenzyme inhibitors, works during anaerobic reductive dechlorination. Various compounds such as, but not limited to, red yeast rice, vitamin B10 derivatives, and ethanesulfonates are utilized to disrupt these different enzyme and coenzyme systems responsible for the production of methane. This method affects the competition of the methanogen and halo bacteria for the organic hydrogen donors that are injected in the soil and groundwater system during the remediation process.

Abstract: Provided is a banking structure using a rock producing acid drainage. The banking structure includes a banking layer including the rock having acid drainage production possibility and an inhibitor for reducing acid drainage production potential of the rock, a capillary breaker layer stacked between a lower portion of the banking layer and an underground water level surface to prevent underground water from being introduced into the banking layer by a capillary phenomenon, and a finishing layer stacked on an upper portion of the banking layer according to a use thereof.

Abstract: Exemplary products and methods are described for in situ treatment of soil that is or may become contaminated with energetic materials or their degradation products. Easily biodegradable organic material and humic material may be distributed on the soil surface in a manner such that portions thereof are carried below the soil surface by infiltrating water, where the easily biodegradable material may be degraded by microorganisms, generating an anaerobic environment suited to further biologic and abiotic reduction of the contaminants, and the humic material may be retained by the soil particles thereby reducing pollutant leaching.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating soil material. According to the invention, the soil material is treated by a mixture composition containing at least microfibrillated cellulose and water.

Abstract: The process of treating elemental mercury within the soil is provided by introducing into the soil a heated vapor phase of elemental sulfur. As the vapor phase of elemental sulfur cools, sulfur is precipitated within the soil and then reacts with any elemental mercury thereby producing a reaction product that is less hazardous than elemental mercury.

Abstract: A treatment system for degrading chlorinated dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) is disclosed. The treatment system comprises a solvent system and hydrophobic zero valent irons distributed in the solvent system. In addition, the method of remediation of groundwater is also disclosed by using the treatment system.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to systems and methods for removing hydrocarbon contaminants from a contaminated solid using an environmentally benign extractant and an oleophilic absorber, where the environmentally benign extractant and the oleophilic absorber are separate components.

Abstract: We have now discovered a novel process for the removal or extraction of metal species from a variety of solid, liquid or gas phase materials. Metal species may be removed by contacting the material suspected of containing one or more metals with a thiolated fatty acid or ester thereof for a period of time and under conditions effective for the sequestration of the metal species by the thiolated fatty acid or ester thereof. The thiolated fatty acid or ester thereof comprising sequestered metal species may then be separated and recovered from the treated material. Moreover, following the treatment of aqueous liquids or mixtures, or suspensions or dispersions of solids in aqueous liquids, the resultant thiolated fatty acid or ester thereof comprising the sequestered metal species is insoluble in water and forms a separate layer from the aqueous liquid phase, which layer may be readily removed.

Abstract: An improved material and process for decontaminating an organic chemical spill and animal waste is made by: partially composting plant material; adding spent mushroom compost; mixing some of the partially composted plant material with the dry plant material; inoculating the mixture with a small amount a petroleum hydrocarbon; adding iron sulfate, ammonium nitrate, or a mixture of iron sulfate and ammonium nitrate; adding water; and adding a clump preventing material. A nutrient may also be added to this mixture. The final product is mixed with the spilled organic chemical and allowed to incubate for a suitable time at ambient temperature. A similar material may be used as a pet litter.

Abstract: A method of wetland remediation with contaminated soils, sands, and water wherein the decontamination process includes removing contaminated soil from the wetlands removing oversized rocks and debris and converting the remaining contaminated soil into uniformly sized particles, spraying the soil particles with an oxidizer diluted with ionized water, vigorously mixing the sprayed soil particles with its entrained oxidizer and ionized water in an auger mixer for several minutes thereby oxidizing almost all of the hydrocarbons remaining in the soil, and removing the washed and hydrocarbon-free soil particles from the auger mixer to be placed back into the wetland environment wherein the treatment water is subject to ionization by passing water thru an Ion Collider and then placing man-made floating islands with natural wetland plants and grasses for on-going phytoremediation and natural remediation.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for assessing potential nitrogen concentration of plant available nitrogen in soil comprises collecting soil samples, analyzing one or more of the soil samples to compute the amount of nitrate and the amount of ammonium, analyzing one or more of the soil samples to compute the amount of mineralizable nitrogen using a soil respiration method, obtaining a total plant available nitrogen value in the soil samples by summing the computed nitrate value, the computed ammonium value, and the computed mineralizable nitrogen value, and calculating a potential nitrogen assessment value by subtracting from the total plant available nitrogen value an amount of nitrogen applied at time of planting not represented within the soil sample and further subtracting an amount of nitrogen required to achieve the crop yield goal multiplied by the yield crop goal.

Abstract: Phosphatic clays, and the use of phosphatic clays as a soil wetting agent. Phosphatic clays as wetting agents aid in the retention of water in sandy soil, and/or for prevention or reduction of leaching of nutrients. Due to its unique particle size and shape, phosphatic clay exhibits high water absorbing and retaining qualities. Further, phosphatic clay is readily available as a by-product of mining of phosphatic ore. The phosphatic clay wetting agents increases the effectiveness of the water applied to the soil, thereby reducing the amount of run-off, and reducing the amount of water needed to accomplish sufficient irrigation. The phosphatic clay wetting agents can be delivered to the soil as a sprinkle-on product, spray-on product, soil amendment, fertilizer or seed coating, or fertilizer composition.

Abstract: Accelerated dechlorination of soil and water contaminated with chlorinated solvents in situ is achieved by delivering ferric ammonium citrate into the soils and/or water. The induction of ferric ammonium citrate into sulfate-rich reducing conditions initiates a combined abiotic and biotic mechanism for the dechlorination of subsurface contaminants. Initial and rapid removal of chlorinated solvents is achieved by way of reductive transformation, a mechanism utilizing the creation of an iron-bound soil mineral (pyrite) followed by stimulating conditions for enhanced biological natural attenuation.

Abstract: There is provided iron powder having a halogenated organic compound treating performance equivalent to or higher than that of a material for treating halogenated organic compounds, although an environmental load substance such as copper is not contained, and a method of producing iron powder for treating halogenated organic compounds including: immersing the iron powder in one or more kinds of solvents selected from water and organic solvents which have lower vapor pressure than water and contain oxygen; performing solid-liquid separation for the iron powder immersed in the solvent, to thereby obtain the iron powder wet by this solvent; and applying drying treatment to the iron powder wet in the solvent, while keeping a temperature at less than 40° C.

Abstract: When a large-scale contaminant plume is located under a surface area with conditions that prevent placement of a network of injection and associated extraction wells, embodiments of the invention may be used to pump a specific volume of the contaminant plume to at least one remote in-situ treatment cell, comprising at least one injection well surrounded by a plurality of associated extraction wells, where each extraction well is less than 300 feet from the associated injection well, and has a treatment zone with treatment reagent between injection and associated extraction wells.

Abstract: A method for the combined chemical oxidation/assisted bioremediation of contaminated materials, comprising contacting a contaminated material with at least one metal chelate and at least one peroxide compound.

Abstract: A method for providing for the use of underground aquifers for water storage for municipalities or recharge. Water is treated and injected for storage in the aquifer by the addition of a small amount of a sulfide compound to remove dissolved oxygen and prevent dissolution of negative valence sulfur bearing minerals, such as pyrite, in the subsurface. The stored water may be subsequently withdrawn from the aquifer and treated to remove residual amounts of sulfide ions. The withdrawn water being suitable as potable water, irrigation water, industrial use water, and aquifer water level enhancement water.

Abstract: An emissions recycling system is used on a vehicle towing an agricultural implement to enrich the fertility of the soil. The system includes an exhaust collector for collecting exhaust emissions from the internal combustion engine of the towing vehicle and an exhaust distribution system for injecting at least a portion of the exhaust emissions collected by the exhaust collector into the ground worked by the ground working tools of the agricultural implement. Fertility of the soil is enriched by bioactivity within the soil's micro flora which consumes the greenhouse gas and emissions.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method of treating soil and a method of sequestering heavy metals in soil. The method of treating soil includes applying a blend to the soil to form treated soil, the blend including a slag by-product having a soluble compound. The soluble compound includes silicon. The method of sequestering heavy metals includes applying a blend to soil to form treated soil, the blend including a slag by-product having a soluble compound, and forming a substantially inert particle in the treated soil, the substantially inert particle including the blend and the heavy metals.