Abstract: An ecological reconstructed sponge structure of a strip mine dump includes a three-layered sponge ecological structure arranged on a groundmass layer of the dump. From bottom to top, the three-layer sponge ecological structure comprises a water-resisting layer, a water-containing layer and a topsoil ecological layer. A thickness of the water-resisting layer is 100˜200 cm, a permeability coefficient of the water-resisting layer is 0.35˜0.7 m/d, and a degree of compaction is 1200˜1400 KPa. A thickness of the water-containing layer is 150˜250 cm, a permeability coefficient of the water-containing layer is 10˜20 m/d, and a degree of compaction is 800˜900 KPa. A thickness of the topsoil ecological layer is 40˜60 cm. Soil layer thicknesses and water content may be monitored through a ground penetrating radar.

Abstract: A process for treating water containing contaminants comprising the steps of: (a) contacting water to be treated with an inorganic oxidising salt containing manganese or iron for a time effective for oxidising a portion of said contaminants; (b) contacting water treated in oxidation step (a) with at least a chlorine containing agent for disinfection and to generate, in situ and through reaction with chemical compounds produced in pre-oxidation step (a), a coagulant for coagulating oxidised contaminants present in the water; (c) separating coagulated contaminants from the water; and (d) subjecting water to a catalytic oxidation for oxidising residual oxidisable contaminants, said catalytic oxidation being catalysed, in part, by manganese or iron species, depending on the residual selected oxidising salt left in solution in water after oxidation step (a).

Abstract: A system and method are provided for facilitating selective delivery of aggregate material in bulk from a back of a dump truck or other truck bed to one or more wheelbarrows in a controlled manner. The disclosed embodiments further provide a system that could be operated by a single individual, including the single individual that is then manually moving the wheelbarrow from the truck to the particular location of the delivery site where the aggregate material is to be finally dispensed. The disclosed systems provide a self-contained mechanical device that is comparatively-easily mountable to the back of a dump truck or other truck bed for use, and is electrically, or electric over hydraulically, powered through the electrical system of the vehicle in order to avoid any need for additional power requirements.

Abstract: A machine (20) for laying a film (122) on a ground surface such as a landfill has a pair of opposed, support arms (84) each having a respective film roll support mechanism (94). In some embodiments the support arms are pivotable. Each film roll support mechanism (94) has a moveable arm (102) with a film roll support bracket (106), and a hydraulic system (98, 104) controllable by an operator of the machine for retracting and extending the moveable arm (102). The machine has means (120, 124) for holding the roll (96) of film between the brackets (106) for unwinding the film onto the ground. The machine may include a film cutter assembly (154) for cutting the laid film.

Abstract: A method for effective and efficient water or wastewater aerosolization and industry specific and regulatory agency approved ADC, soil stabilization or penetrating solution dissemination over identified and specific areas that are to be addressed. The water or wastewater and industry or regulatory body specifically approved ADC, soil stabilization or penetrating reagent solution(s) is directed to an “Integrated Mobile Aerosolization System (IMAS)” or other system having a turbine and being integrated and mobile. The turbine is driven so as to generate a system of air. Integrated pumps are utilized to move the water or wastewater and industry or regulatory body specific and ADC, soil stabilization or penetrating reagent solution(s) to a series of nozzles that aerosolizes the water or wastewater and ADC, soil stabilization or penetrating reagent solution into the path of the system of air.

Abstract: A cover material for a bulk material pile and method for applying the cover material are disclosed. The cover composition comprises liquid, cement and/or fly ash, fiber, water dispersible polymer and acid.

Abstract: An improved tarp and ballast system that includes a plurality of panels attached to one another along the lengths thereof, wherein the lengths of the panels correspond to the length of the tarp. The tarp also includes chain pockets located at the sides of the tarp which run the length of the tarp and have chains secured therein. The tarp further includes a plurality of cable pockets and associated ballast anchors oriented across the width of the tarp which are adapted to secure a plurality of ballast cables to the tarp.

Abstract: Apparatus for covering a large land area with a long length, wide width heavy flexible sheeting comprising: a main framework adapted for mounting onto the end of a crowd of an excavator; a swivel assembly rotatably secured to the main framework; an elongated support member secured to the swivel assembly; a bearing assembly pivotably fixed to one end of the support member; a bushing assembly pivotably mounted to the other end of the support member; an arbor assembly including an elongated mandrel for receiving and supporting a roll of sheeting with one end of the mandrel journalled at one of its ends in the bushing assembly and the opposite end removably arranged in the bearing assembly.

Abstract: An improved tarp and ballast system that includes a plurality of panels attached to one another along the lengths thereof, wherein the lengths of the panels correspond to the length of the tarp. The tarp also includes chain pockets located at the sides of the tarp which run the length of the tarp and have chains secured therein. The tarp further includes a plurality of cable pockets and associated ballast anchors oriented across the width of the tarp which are adapted to secure a plurality of ballast cables to the tarp.

Abstract: A lightweight composite article with controlled biodegradation includes a fibrous substrate and one or more additives applied to the fibrous substrate to control the rate of biodegradation of the composite article. The composite article has a weight of less than about 57 grams per square meter, and a biodegradation within a range of from about 30 days to about 150 days. In some embodiments, the additives include one or more of water repellent, antimicrobial agent and biodegradable binder.

Abstract: A weight system for a landfill tarpaulin. A pair of parallel chains are retained, within a pair of sleeves in the tarp. A plurality of parallel wire lines traverse the tarpaulin. A plurality of elongated coupler bodies are provided with each coupler body having a first end terminating in a eyelet and a second, opposed end terminating in a hollow recess. A fastener passes through one eyelet, and passes through the tarp. At least one wire line fastener passes through an opening in the coupler body to engage one of the wire lines received in the second, opposed end hollow recess.

Abstract: A weight system for a landfill tarpaulin. A pair of parallel chains are retained within a pair of sleeves in the tarp. A plurality of parallel wire lines traverse the tarpaulin. A plurality of elongated coupler bodies are provided with each coupler body having a first end terminating in a eyelet and a second, opposed end terminating in a hollow recess. A chain fastener passes through one eyelet, passes through one of the chains, and passes through the tarp. At least one wire line fastener passes through an opening in the coupler body to engage one of the wire lines received in the second, opposed end hollow recess.

Abstract: A composite material for environmental odor control is useful in controlling odors from waste, for example, as an alternative daily cover for landfills and in composting applications. The composite material includes a fiber web and a zeolite containing metals to promote absorption of odorous gas.

Abstract: A modular roof like enclosed structure has attachments suitable for handling by lifting machinery to be placed on a landfill site and a perimeter strip extension which abuts or overlaps an adjoining module on the site. The modular structure is vented to allow ventilation of the landfill and the vent contains a filter to extract harmful gasses and odors. The structure also contains a liquid spray system to spray insecticide and deodorant onto the landfill and a fire retardant system which is activated automatically when smoke is detected.

Abstract: A cover composition that can be applied to a bulk material pile, such as landfill refuse, to protect the pile from wind, precipitation, and access by animals and insects is provided. The cover composition is a mixture of a liquid, typically, water; bentonite clay; and synthetic fibers. The composition may be enhanced by the addition of one or more of the following additives: Portland cement, pregelatinized wheat starch, synthetic polymers, soda ash, and latex paint. Unlike prior art cover compositions, the disclosed composition adheres well to waste material, most notably plastics, whereby the composition is easy to apply and provides a substantially uniform, durable protective cover to landfill refuse piles and other bulk materials. Methods of applying the composition to bulk material piles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A solar energy cover system, landfill cover system and method of use. The solar landfill cover system typically comprises a foundation layer of compacted soil above a solid waste pile and a solar cell geomembrane on top of the foundation layer. The solar landfill geomembrane preferably comprises a flexible solar portion and a flexible water impermeable geosynthetic portion. The flexible solar portion is on a top side and comprises solar cells and the geosynthetic portion is on a bottom side and comprises a layer of a flexible water impermeable geomembrane.

Abstract: A cover system is provided for waste sites and environmental closures, in which the cover system comprises a synthetic grass and an impermeable geomembrane that can be applied without the use of heavy earthwork equipment as temporary or final cover to control odors, erosion, gas migration and contaminate migration. The invention allows installation on very steep slopes and does not require the use of an extensive anchoring system to resist wind uplift or slope failure. A gas collection system is located under the cover system for the collection of gas produced by the waste sites.

Abstract: A system of panels for use in covering an active face of an operational landfill, in order to prevent and/or minimize litter, odors, leachate production, fires, and the prevalence of flies and vectors. Each panel comprises a plate; one or more brackets; and optionally, a flap. The brackets are adapted to engage with the blade of a compactor or other type of heavy equipment. The panels are moved to and from the active face of an operational landfill using the compactor. The panels are durable and fireproof, and can be transported in a variety of weather conditions. Transporting the panels to and from the active area is easy and efficient as compared with prior art methods.

Abstract: A modular roof like enclosed structure has attachments suitable for handling by lifting machinery to be placed on a landfill site and a perimeter strip extension which abuts or overlaps an adjoining module on the site. The modular structure is vented to allow ventilation of the landfill and the vent contains a filter to extract harmful gasses and odors. The structure also contains a liquid spray system to spray insecticide and deodorant onto the landfill and a fire retardant system which is activated automatically when smoke is detected.

Abstract: A cover composition that can be applied to a bulk material pile, such as landfill refuse, to protect the pile from wind, precipitation, and access by animals and insects is provided. The cover composition is a mixture of a liquid, typically, water; bentonite clay; and synthetic fibers. The composition may be enhanced by the addition of one or more of the following additives: Portland cement, pregelatinized wheat starch, synthetic polymers, soda ash, and latex paint. Unlike prior art cover compositions, the disclosed composition adheres well to waste material, most notably plastics, whereby the composition is easy to apply and provides a substantially uniform, durable protective cover to landfill refuse piles and other bulk materials. Methods of applying the composition to bulk material piles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A composite material for environmental odor control is useful in controlling odors from waste, for example, as an alternative daily cover for landfills and in composting applications. The composite material includes a fiber web and a zeolite containing metals to promote absorption of odorous gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a landfill site covering system. The system comprises a plurality of freely mobile support members (2) with a cable array (20 22, 24) secured to the support members (2) to form a supporting framework. Covering material (26, 28) is attached to the supporting framework; to form an enclosure.

Abstract: In a covered wastewater reservoir, a gas passage is defined under the membrane cover and along the sides of the reservoir. An accumulation of bio-gases is held captive between the membrane cover and the liquid surface in a central region of the reservoir relative to the gas passage, by a flap-valve attachment condition extending between the accumulation of bio-gases and the gas passage. The new method for breaking this flap-valve attachment condition and for allowing bio-gases to flow from the accumulation of bio-gases toward the gas passage, consists of periodically and momentarily increasing a pressure in the gas passage to equal or to slightly exceed a pressure in the accumulation of bio-gases. In another aspect, the membrane cover is provided with a stiff and rough-surfaced bottom layer to facilitate the breaking of flap-valve attachment conditions when the pressure under the cover is made equal everywhere.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the stabilization of dusting surfaces characterized in that the dusty ground is tilled or scarified and mixed with polymers in form of water-redispersible polymer powders, which are optionally reemulsifiably modified, or reemulsifiable modified aqueous polymer dispersions, which are optionally sprayed on to the untreated dusty ground. In a preferred embodiment the redispersible polymer powder, respectively the reemulsifiable modified redispersible polymer powder or the reemulsifiable modified aqueous polymer dispersion, is combined with hydraulically setting compounds, preferably cement and/or gypsum.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved method of collecting biogas from a landfill that results in more complete collection of biogas produced in the landfill, and with less contamination with air. The method involves providing the landfill with an upper gas containment layer near the surface of the landfill to retard biogas escape and air entrainment into the landfill. Underneath the gas containment layer is provided a gas-permeable conductive layer. Underneath the conductive layer, a well withdraws biogas from the landfill. Withdrawal of biogas from the well creates a partial vacuum that draws gas from the gas-permeable conductive layer down through the waste mass to the well. If the rate of gas withdrawal from the well is too rapid, air will be entrained from the atmosphere into the gas-permeable conductive layer. But if the rate of gas withdrawal from the well is too slow, biogas may percolate through the gas-containment layer and the surface of the landfill to escape.

Abstract: Landfill daily cover and general ground cover is produced from sewer sludge and/or municipal solid waste by adding an amount of cellulose material to form a de-watered stream having a water content of about 55% or less by weight. The de-watered stream is then treated to reduce its pathogen concentration, preferably by first grinding the de-watered stream to form an average 10–50 mesh particle size stream that is then heat treated to further reduce the water content to 20%, preferably 5%–15%, by weight. To produce a daily cover a flame retardant material is added in amounts to qualify the end product as landfill daily cover.

Abstract: Waste materials are composted in an elongate pit which is maintained covered to retain odors. The pit includes two rails each arranged along a respective side of the opening for receiving operating machines and a carriage for supplying a covering sheet. Each side edge of the sheet has attached thereto a channel shaped support member arranged for engaging over the respective rail so as to attach the side edge to the rail. A reel is mounted on the carriage and is arranged to roll the sheet and the two support members onto the reel and to un-roll the sheet and the two support members therefrom for deployment. An arch support bridges the support members and can flex to a flat condition from rolling on the reel. The carriage includes guides for moving the support members apart to a wider spacing for rolling on to the reel with the sheet flat and for guiding the support members onto the rails and for bowing the arch upwardly in the deployed position.

Abstract: A sub surface aquatic weed barrier consisting of a strip of plastic held to the aquatic substrate by transverse weights bonded to the plastic strip. Gas release ports are located in the plastic sheet, positioned midway between the transverse weights.

Abstract: A cover assembly for an organic waste lagoon basin and a method of making and deploying such a cover assembly. A cover includes connected cover panels or sections. In one form of the invention the panels are comprised of a single layer of geotextile fabric. In another form of the invention the panels are comprised of interconnected strata including a sacrificial layer which faces the sun and protects the cover from ultraviolet light degradation; a foam layer that floats the cover; and a geotextile fabric layer. The geotextile fabric is porous and suppresses the release of malodorous gases from the lagoon basin. The cover can be constructed and deployed by laying out cover panels in fanfold fashion along a side of the basin; connecting adjacent edges of the panels; attaching flotation to the free edge of the top panel; and using deployment lines and a mandrel to move the cover across the filled basin.

Abstract: An improved spindle and tarpaulin combination to be used in devices to deploy and take up a tarpaulin. The device is comprised of a reinforced spindle and a tarpaulin adapted to be attached to the spindle, such that the tarpaulin may be wound and unwound upon the spindle, with the tarpaulin adapted for use with a spindle having a length substantially less than the width of the tarpaulin.

Abstract: A heavy roll dispenser is designed to attach to a tractor via a three-point hitch. The base of the dispenser rides above the earth and supports a chassis, which can move left and right via a hydraulic actuator. The chassis has a pair of powered cradle rollers to receive a heavy roll and dispense the heavy roll with the powered cradle rollers. A guide roller is mounted on the chassis behind the cradle rollers. A pair of powered adjustable width pincer arms stabilizes the heavy roll atop the cradle rollers.

Abstract: A method of containing organic debris such as leaves in piles or layers is disclosed. The method comprises the utilization of a chemical composition for coating the generally upward facing leaves in order to bond them together into larger sections. Once the separate leaves are bonded together by the coating, the larger sections provide a protective covering that keeps the wind from disturbing the pile or layer. Further, in some instances the coating may include a biological agent that facilitates the decomposition of the organic debris. In other instances the coating may also include a fertilizer that would be beneficial if the organic debris was used as mulch spread around plants. Also disclosed are methods for applying coating using a distributing device.

Abstract: A device for installing erosion control blankets is provided. The device comprises a frame, a circular drum, an erosion control blanket mounting device, and a weight support device. The circular drum comprises a plurality of spring loaded pins that are used to punch the erosion control blankets into the ground simultaneously as the device rolls out the erosion control blankets. The spring loaded pins are in the retracted position until the pass over a cam, after which the spring loaded pins extend outwardly to punch the erosion control blankets into the ground. After the spring loaded pins pass over the cam the spring loaded pins return to the retracted position. Weights may be added or removed from the weight support device to obtain the desired erosion control blanket to soil compression.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is used for covering the exposed workface of a landfill with a film. The apparatus includes a compactor rotatably mounted on a frame which is hitched to a tractor. A film, spray and ballast deployer is mounted on the end of the frame for spraying the landfill, deploying the film onto the landfill, and deploying the ballast onto the film. The compactor includes a roller which compacts the waste prior to spraying the landfill and deploying the film and serves as a wheel for the frame. Hydraulics are provided to raise and lower the deployer. In operation, the assembly is pulled by the tractor causing the compactor to compact the waste just prior to the deployer laying the film on the workface and the ballast being deposited onto the film. Additionally, the apparatus is capable of casing the overlapping layers of laid film to adhere to the ballast in between thereby forming a seal between the adjoining layers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for covering landfill includes a deployer suspended below the bucket of a loader. A roll of film is disposed on the deployer and uncoiled to deploy a film covering on the landfill surface as the loader driven across the surface. Periodically, the bucket, containing a ballast material, is manipulated, allowing ballast material to be disposed on the film to hold the deployed film in place. In a preferred embodiment, the deployer includes a mandrel mounted between two flanges for supporting a roll of film. The deployer is preferably attached to the bucket by chains or wire rope in such a manner so as to allow full operation of bucket while the deployer is attached. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a sprayer to apply a fluid.

Abstract: A device for installing erosion control blankets is provided. The device comprises a frame, a circular drum, an erosion control blanket mounting device, and a weight support device. The circular drum comprises a plurality of spring loaded pins that are used to punch the erosion control blankets into the ground simultaneously as the device rolls out the erosion control blankets. The spring loaded pins are in the retracted position until the pass over a cam, after which the spring loaded pins extend outwardly to punch the erosion control blankets into the ground. After the spring loaded pins pass over the cam the spring loaded pins return to the retracted position. Weights may be added or removed from the weight support device to obtain the desired erosion control blanket to soil compression.

Abstract: A method and system for water conservation relies upon the reduction of evaporative losses from water storages having a high ratio of surface area to depth. The system comprises a plurality of buoyant flexible membrane strips interconnected along adjacent edges and anchored by anchor members about the periphery of the water storage. The membrane strips include spaced apertures to prevent accumulation of rain water on upper surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A synthetic cover for bulk material piles and loads in transit may be formed from a slurry mixture of liquid and powder made from recycled gypsum wallboard. These constituents may be mixed and applied to cover a bulk material pile and/or waste pile, and/or to control erosion. The cover will harden to minimize water infiltration, wind blown dust, odor and affinity to birds, flies and other insects. The liquid may include water, landfill leachate and wastewater; the powder from heated recycled gypsum wallboard may include alpha-hemihydrate and shredded paper, beta-hemihydrate and shredded paper or anhydrate and shredded paper. When clean water is used, the cover is non-toxic, non-combustible and harmless to fish, birds, plants and animals.

Abstract: A method for covering a lagoon, manure storage basin, waste water retention pond, water reservoir, open top material storage tank, stacks or piles of commodities, having a perimeter and a containment portion, wherein the method acquires the placement of a perforated tubular member about the perimeter, laying a resilient cover on the containment portion such that an edge of the cover is covering the tubular member and is sealed at the edge. A pumping device attached to the tabular member for extracting air through the tubular member with the pumping device which forces the cover downwardly by the use of negative air pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for covering a landfill includes a deployer suspended below the bucket of a loader. A roll of film is disposed on the deployer and uncoiled to deploy a film covering on the landfill surface as the loader driven across the surface. Periodically, the bucket, containing a ballast material, is manipulated, allowing ballast material to be disposed on the film to hold the deployed film in place. In a preferred embodiment, the deployer includes a mandrel mounted between two flanges for supporting a roll of film. The deployer is preferably attached to the bucket by chains or wire rope in such a manner so as to allow full operation of bucket while the deployer is attached.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for covering a landfill includes a deployer suspended below the bucket of a loader. A roll of film is disposed on the deployer and uncoiled to deploy a film covering on the landfill surface as the loader driven across the surface. Periodically, the bucket, containing a ballast material, is manipulated, allowing ballast material to be disposed on the film to hold the deployed film in place. In a preferred embodiment, the deployer includes a mandrel mounted between two flanges for supporting a roll of film. The deployer is preferably attached to the bucket by chains or wire rope in such a manner so as to allow full operation of bucket while the deployer is attached.

Abstract: An apparatus having at least one rotatably mounted storage container (44, 45), at least two outlet openings (48, 49, 51, 52) in the container from which material within the container may be dispersed as the container rotates such that a discrete amount of material is dispensed from each outlet once per rotation of the container, the openings being located at longitudinally spaced locations in the container, a respective metering means (69, 71) associated with each said opening for collecting the discrete amount of material and for dispersing the discrete amount of material as the container is caused to rotate and a roll of material (31) carried by the apparatus and mounted to pay out material from the roll as the apparatus is transported over a surface whereby the discrete amounts of material dispensed from the container are deposited at spaced locations onto the material from the roll to anchor the material from the roll relative to the surface.