Abstract: The disclosure concerns a method and apparatus for repairing or structurally reinforcing an oil and gas well tubular member, or an assembly of tubular members. The assembly to be repaired can include a smaller diameter inner flow conveying conduit (or production tubing) and a larger diameter concentrically placed surface casing, providing an annulus in between the production tubing and the surface casing. A third casing pipe of largest diameter, the drive pipe is placed around the surface casing string. Other “conductor” casing pipes can be positioned around the surface casing inside the drive pipe. Part of the surface casing string (or other conductor pipe) can suffer damage due to corrosion. A sleeve or repair member is placed around the casing string or other tubular member at a damaged portion.

Abstract: Methods for remotely installing vortex-induced vibration (VIV) reduction and drag reduction devices on elongated structures in flowing fluid environments. The devices installed can include clamshell-shaped strakes, shrouds, fairings, sleeves and flotation modules.

Abstract: A one-piece, unitary, elongate, tubular light pole. The elongate light pole defines a central axis and is constructed from a filament-wound composite of fiber-reinforced bonding agent and has a wall thickness of less than ¾ inch, and preferably ? inch. The pole is configured and adapted to support a lighting structure thereon without failure of the composite, such that a twenty-foot section of the pole is capable of withstanding a lateral load transverse of the axis of at least 300 pounds without failure of the composite.

Abstract: A mechanism to be applied to an exterior surface of a cylindrical structure for the reduction of the effect of Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) in the cylindrical structure when immersed in flowing fluid, wherein the mechanism includes a generally cylindrical column having a central axis, an interior surface corresponding in size and shape to the exterior surface of the cylindrical structure to which the mechanism is to be applied and an outer surface defining a wall thickness. A reduced wall thickness is formed into the outer surface in a pattern to produce a discontinuity that interrupts the lengthwise coherence of vortex shedding of moving fluid from the outer surface when the cylindrical column is attached to the exterior of the cylindrical structure in the flowing fluid. The effect of VIV on the cylindrical structure is effectively reduced. The result is a submergible cylindrical assembly for positioning in a flowing body of water and having enhanced resistance to VIV.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for concealing and covering a columnar jack for columnar supports and a method of concealing a columnar jack using a columnar jack concealing kit. The device comprises a strap member, a skirt sized and shaped for covering the columnar jack, and a band member for attaching the skirt to the strap member. The strap member is sized and shaped for folding over and enclosing the band member and a portion of the skirt. The adjustable clamp member can attach the adjustable shield member with the adjustable strap member to the columnar support. The adjustable shield member can conceal and shield the columnar jack and the adjustable strap member can enclose the adjustable clamp member.

Abstract: An apparatus designed for installing anode bracelets upon pipes used in cathodic protection systems. The apparatus includes a pair of grasp booms which hold the anode bracelet during installation of the bracelet around the pipe to be cathodically protected. The grasp booms can be rotated for the installation of the anode bracelet and can be opened to receive each half of the bracelet and closed to mount the bracelet around the pipe.

Abstract: A vortex induced vibration suppressor and method is disclosed. The apparatus includes a body that is a flexible member of a polymeric (e.g., polyurethane) construction. A plurality of helical vanes on the body extend longitudinally along and helically about the body. Each vane has one or more openings extending transversely there through. A longitudinal slot enables the body to be spread apart for placing the body upon a riser, pipe or pipeline. Tensile members that encircle the body and pass through the vane openings enable the body to be secured to the pipe, pipeline or riser.

Abstract: A wood support piling is reinforced by a composite wrapping. The composite wrapping is formed on the wood piling by a filament winding process. Filament strands are impregnated with resin and wrapped around the wood piling under tension. The resin is allowed to cure to form a seamless layer which is uniform in thickness and materials. The composite wrapping is bonded to the wood piling and applies a compressive force on the wood piling to improve its strength characteristics. The composite wrapping may be applied to a portion of the wood piling where reinforcement is needed so that the piling can be manufactured economically. The composite wrapping protects the piling against deterioration and reduces the need for chemical preservatives which are harmful to the environment.

Abstract: A marine habitat enhancement system is provided that in one embodiment is configured for attachment to existing pilings and in another embodiment is a stand-alone system anchored to the soil. The system includes a housing formed of a plurality of panels configured for attachment together to surround either a piling or a marine habitat. Compartments on the exterior of the housing can be used to promote the growth of plants and other marine aquaculture. A cap is provided for use with stand-alone pilings to prevent contaminated water and material from escaping outside the sleeve formed by the plurality of panels.

Abstract: A method and composition of matter for the encapsulation of the upper portion of a piling and header associated with a wharf, pier or the like, whereby this upper portion of the piling and header, while normally above the high tide mark, is often subjected to submergence due to climatic conditions and requires encapsulation by the composition of matter disclosed herein to prevent attack from marine microorganisms or marine borers.

Abstract: A shell for providing impact protection to a marine drilling riser, the shell comprising a body having at least one hollow chamber defined by inner and outer faces of the shell, the body being provided with a plurality of holes allowing flooding of the chamber.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling drag and vortex-induced vibration exerted onto a substantially cylindrical element of a fixed position subjected to a fluid flowing environment. Apparatus of the invention comprise a sleeve comprising an ultra-smooth surface. Methods for installing such apparatus onto cylindrical elements, and systems for controlling drag and vortex-induced vibrations in which a substantially cylindrical marine element has an ultra-smooth effective surface.

Abstract: A vortex induced vibration suppressor and method is disclosed. The apparatus includes a body that is a flexible member of a polymeric (eg. polyurethane) construction. A plurality of helical vanes on the body extend longitudinally along and helically about the body. A longitudinal slot enables the body to be spread apart for placing the body upon a riser, pipe or pipeline. Adhesive and/or bolted connections optionally enable the body to be secured to the pipe, pipeline or riser.

Abstract: An antijacking pile solution particularly suited for use in permafrost or cold regions. The pile includes bond breaking material for preventing frozen soil from directly gripping a pile near the surface of the soil and pulling the pile upward. A collar is attached to the pile to prevent damage and/or displacement of the bond breaking material during driving of the pile. The pile may be attached to a building by way of an adjustable connection system allowing for future adjustments in the event of vertical movement.

Abstract: An underwater cladding (10) for an elongate member such as a pipe, has a substantially cylindrical outer surface with a plurality of depressions (18) therein. The provision of depressions in an otherwise cylindrical outer surface of a cladding interrupts or reduces vortex induced vibrations and the absence of projections facilitates use with conventional pipe-laying equipment.

Abstract: Smooth buoyancy cylindrical elements having a surface roughness coefficient of K/D less than or equal to 1×10−4, where K is the average peak-to-trough roughness and D is the effective outside diameter of said the cylindrical element are affixed about marine elements to decrease vortex induced vibration, thereby decreasing stress and loading on the marine elements.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for suppressing vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of aquatic elements of underwater structures. The system includes use of a sleeve positioned around at least a portion of an aquatic element and at least one strake positioned along at least a portion of the length of the aquatic member. The apparatus further comprises copper to suppress the growth of aquatic organisms.

Abstract: A shell for providing impact protection to a marine drilling riser, the shell comprising a body having at least one hollow chamber defined by inner and outer faces of the shell, the body being provided with a plurality of holes allowing flooding of the chamber.

Abstract: Sheathing members surround the pile and are clamped to it by bolts inserted through flange members or portions outside the piles, which clamp the sheathing members against the pile above and below a deteriorated section of a pile and which bridge the deteriorated section of a pile. An embodiment designed for H-piles includes two channel members and one is placed in each channel of the portion of the H-pile to be repaired. A locking bar member is placed along a longitudinal edge of the H-pile and is clamped to the H-pile and the corresponding outwardly projecting flange portion of the channel patch member by nuts and bolts.

Abstract: A partial helical strake system and method for suppressing vortex-induced-vibration of a substantially cylindrical marine element, the strake system having a base connected to the cylindrical marine element and an array of helical strakes projecting from the base for about half or less of the circumference of the cylindrical marine element.

Abstract: Coated metal peroxides, their preparation and use, in which metal peroxides are coated with silicone compounds from selected from the group siliconates, hydrogen-polysiloxanes, siloxanes, silicone resin emulsions, silane/siloxane emulsions, silane/siloxane mixtures, silicone microemulsion concentrates, and silicic acid ester mixtures.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for structurally reinforcing a tubular member, or an assembly of tubular members in a marine environment is provided. The assembly includes a smaller diameter inner flow casing and a larger diameter outer conductor pipe, providing an annulus in between the flow casing and the conductor pipe. The method first dewaters the annulus places a plurality of lug anchor points in the annulus, in between the smaller diameter flow casing and the larger diameter conductor pipe. A volume of a first grout product is then pumped into the annulus at a selected lower elevational position. A volume of a second grout product is then pumped into the annulus at a position above the first grout product. A jacket is placed around the larger diameter conductor pipe, the jacket preferably being of variable diameter sections so that a larger upper section can receive a reinforcement cage. A reinforcement cage can be placed in between the larger diameter conductor pipe and the jacket.

Abstract: Components of a flexible fairing shroud are attached adjacent their leading edges to bushings through which the fairing shroud is angularly displaced about a protectively surrounded structure exposed to a fluid medium. Inflow of the fluid medium is thereby accommodated in a direction resulting in inflation of the fairing shroud to a desired streamline shape established and maintained between leading and trailing edges during flow of the fluid medium to substantially reduce vibrations otherwise induced by such flow.

Abstract: A strake receptor (24) for a pipe deployed from an off-shore lay vessel comprises a formation (27) for engagement with the strake (29) and for deployment on the pipe when the pipe is received in pipe handling equipment located on the vessel. A removable dust cover protects the channel (25) until the strake (29) is received in the channel (25).

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting a structural column from an impact includes a flexible pad configured to have an installed position wrapped about the column. The original width of the pad is defined by and between opposite side edges. The height of the pad is defined by and between upper and lower end edges that extend horizontally about the column when the pad is in the installed position. An outer side surface of the pad is non-corrugated, and in innerside surface is corrugated. The corrugated inner side surface has ribs that are configured to extend vertically in contact with the column when the pad is in the installed position. Grooves that separate the ribs are configured as cutting guides along which the pad can be severed to adopt a reduced width corresponding to particular column.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting structural supports from damage when impacted by an object such as a moving vehicle is provided. The apparatus has a shaped component which in the preferred embodiment is a semi-cylindrical component having a body defined by a wall, a top, and a base. The wall has at least one flat wall face and surrounds a hollow interior. An indentation for receiving a structural support is present in at least one flat wall face. A means for securing the shaped component to the structural support and for firmly seating one component at its flat wall face against the second component at its flat wall face when two components are present. Preferably, each component has a plurality of impact absorbing indentations, each having an aperture, a base and a wall extending from the base to an aperture mouth. These indentations function to re-distribute the energy of impact when a collusion occurs between the apparatus and a moving object.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for keeping a structure such as a vessel, at least part of which is submerged, from being adhered to by aquatic organisms. In the method, the submerged part of the structure is covered up with a specific non-woven fabric. The non-woven fabric preferably has such a METSUKE value that each of the gaps between the fibers has an area of 1-60 mm2, wherein the “METSUKE” means the weight of the fibers for one square meter of the non-woven fabric. The fabric typically has less than 1 mm thick.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and kit for repairing a construction component that has a damaged portion. First, the damaged portion is removed from the construction component. Next, a durable portion is provided that is preferably a cellulosic/polymer composite material which is moisture, decay, and insect resistant. The durable portion preferably has about the same shape as the damaged portion. The durable portion is then connected to the construction component to replace the damaged portion. The materials for repairing the construction component may be provided in a single kit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plastic jacket that is used for repairing underwater or on ground support piles that have been corroded by the wave action at the waterline, by a tidal zone or natural salty air corrosion, respectively. The jacket consists of a cylindrical wall having annular corrugations on its exterior surface. The cylindrical wall has a longitudinal cut along its length to exhibit two opposing edges. A seal is placed between the opposing edges. Opposite from the longitudinal cut there is a V-shaped cut through the corrugations to the cylindrical wall to create a living hinge in the plastic material of the wall. Banding is provided to pull the opposing edges into a tight relationship and trapping the seal there between. The V-shaped cuts enable the jacket to be opened and placed around a damaged pile in spite of the corrugations which would prevent such an opening. It is preferred that the material of the jacket be made of an opaque material.

Abstract: A pylon servicing apparatus comprising a carriage (11) having a first drive mechanism (17) provided on the carriage (11), the first drive mechanism (17) being adapted to engage the pylon (10) to enable the carriage (11) to be moved longitudinally along the pylon (10), the carriage (11) supporting a housing defining a space, the housing having two opposed end walls and at least one side wall extending between the end faces, the end faces having inner edges (30) being configured to be receivable about the pylon (10), the housing being divided axially into at least two portions (13) which are pivotally interconnected to be movable between a closed position defining the space and an open position, a second drive mechanism (16) provided between the portions (13) to enable the movement between the open, and closed position, wherein when the portions (13) are in the closed position they can cooperate with the pylon (10) to form an annular space surrounding the portion of the length of the pylon located between the e

Abstract: The invention relates to a plastic jacket that is used for repairing underwater piles that have been corroded by the wave action at the waterline or by a tidal zone. The jacket consists of a cylindrical wall having annular corrugations on its exterior surface. The cylindrical wall has a longitudinal cut along its length to exhibit two opposing edges. A seal is placed between the opposing edges. Opposite from the longitudinal cut there is a V-shaped cut through the corrugations to the cylindrical wall to create a living hinge in the plastic material of the wall. Banding is provided to pull the opposing edges into a tight relationship and trapping the seal there between. The V-shaped cuts enable the jacket to be opened and placed around a damaged pile in spite of the corrugations which would prevent such an opening.

Abstract: A hollow fiberglass utility pole includes a pair of segments that are a fiberglass sheet that has a semicircular cross-section. The segments have first and second longitudinal edges with male and female couplers respective shapes that have a complimentary relationship to each other for mechanical engagement thereof. The fiberglass pole is assembled by engaging the first longitudinal edge of one segment with the second longitudinal edge of the other segment at an installation site. The fiberglass pole may be used as a sheath to encase an existing wooden pole.

Abstract: Flexible elastomer wrap panels stretched and clamped encircling submerged pilings, risers and pipelines are coated to resist degradation by any form of marine life, and incorporate an interior pile-facing felt layer impregnated with a corrosion inhibiting and biocidal gel, providing long term protection for pilings and like submerged objects. The wrap panels present radial rib-strakes protruding outward from the piling and extending along the piling in a longitudinal direction, either vertically, parallel to the vertical axis of the piling or pipe, or slanting helically, reducing or eliminating aeolian vibration induced by flowing ocean currents causing vortex formation. In some embodiments, the wrap panels and strakes incorporate a marine growth inhibiting filler material.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting structural supports from damage when impacted by an object such as a moving vehicle is provided. The apparatus has a shaped component which in the preferred embodiment is a semi-cylindrical component having a body defined by a wall, a top, and a base. The wall has at least one flat wall face and surrounds a hollow interior. An indentation for receiving a structural support is present in at least one flat wall face. A device for securing the shaped component to the structural support and for firmly seating one component at its flat wall face against the second component at its flat wall face when two components are present. Preferably, each component has a plurality of impact absorbing indentations, each having an aperture, a base and a wall extending from the base to an aperture mouth. These indentations function to re-distribute the energy of impact when a collusion occurs between the apparatus and a moving object.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preventing adhesion of aquatic organisms on structures in the water such as ships. In the method, the underwater part of a structure in the water is covered up with the sheet. The sheet is made of a polyolefin and less than 1 mm thick, and has apertures each of which has a surface area of 1 to 60 mm2, the surface area in total of the apertures occupying 20 to 80% of the entire surface area of the sheet. The sheet has a tensile strength of 15 to 37% as measured under JIS L1096A and a tear strength of 3 to 9 kg as measured under JIS L1096A-1.

Abstract: In order to protect a pole from low-speed impacts, an inner shell of impact-absorbing material is wrapped about the pole and an outer shell of a tough material is wrapped about the inner shell for protecting the inner shell from damage while intactly resisting the low-speed impacts.

Abstract: A supplemental reinforcing structure for supplementally reinforcing an existing reinforced concrete pier and a reinforced concrete pier reinforcing method facilitating and simplifying field work, and capable of saving time and labor necessary for field work and of improving the quality and reliability of field work. A closed steel plate structure is constructed so as to surround a reinforced concrete pier with a space formed between the closed steel plate structure by connecting a plurality of steel elements including flat steel elements (6) having longitudinal mating edge portions (5) for forming mechanical joints and angular steel elements (7) having longitudinal mating edge portions (5) for forming mechanical joints and a shape resembling an angle iron. The mating edge portions (5) of the adjacent steel plates (6, 7) are joined together to connect the adjacent steel plates (6, 7). A freely formable hardening material is filled in the space and is made to harden therein.

Abstract: A pile wrapper closure assembly includes a pair of clamping bars each having a retaining groove with an undersized throat portal opening, and a pair of retaining rods. Each retaining rod secures one end of the pile wrapper in the retaining groove of its respective clamping bar so that the joining of the clamping bars stretches the pile wrapper elastically around a pile to prevent exposure of the pile to water and air. The pile wrapper has a porous pile-facing interior layer impregnated with a biocidal, corrosion-inhibiting gel. One or more compressible felt pads or strips are saturated with the gel and bonded to the interior layer and they are compressed to fill any void between the pile and the wrapper ends when these are clamped between the clamping bars.

Abstract: An apparatus for protecting structural supports from damage when impacted by an object such as a moving vehicle is provided. The apparatus has a shaped component which in the preferred embodiment is a semi-cylindrical component having a body defined by a wall, a top, and a base. The wall has at least one flat wall face and surrounds a hollow interior. An indentation for receiving a structural support is present in at least one flat wall face. A means for securing the shaped component to the structural suppport and for firmly seating one component at its flat wall face against the second component at its flat wall face when two components are present. Preferably, each component has a plurality of impact absorbing indentations, each having an aperture, a base and a wall extending from the base to an aperture mouth. These indentations function to re-distribute the energy of impact when a collusion occurs between the apparatus and a moving object.

Abstract: A caisson wellhead system having a weak point wherein the wellhead system may be installed in a well as a single unit. The caisson wellhead system of the invention includes a lower tubular member having an upper rim. A lower rim of an upper tubular member is placed on the upper end of the lower tubular member. A removable connector is installed inside of and between the lower tubular member and upper tubular member for temporarily connecting the upper tubular member and the lower tubular member. A weak point is formed at the interface between the lower tubular member and the upper tubular member when the removable connector is removed. Therefore, the caisson wellhead system will break at a controlled location if any external components of the well equipment are struck by a foreign object such as an iceberg.

Abstract: A fire and heat protection wrapping system is described for wrapping structural steel such as steel columns, beams and open web joists used in steel construction of all types of edifices. The protection wrapping system includes a concentric composite laminate structure having a plurality of concentric layers for the protection of structural steel components which are exposed to high temperatures of up to five hours (5 hrs) in duration. The plurality of concentric layers includes an outer first layer, an inner second layer, an inner third layer and an inner core fourth layer for wrapping the structural steel component. The outer first layer is a fiberglass textile having an intumescent coating resistant to heat, water and impact. The inner second layer is a metal foil layer for reflecting heat and eliminates the convection transfer of heat. The inner core third layer is a low conductivity refractory blanket for reducing the transmission of heat.

Abstract: Method for suppressing borer attack and accompanying erosion in a marine structure such as a pier or dock, and a borer-immune structure resulting from application of the method. The method features steps for encasing the exposed surfaces of a wooden marine structure with a plurality of rigid plates sized to the surfaces to be encased. Steps are provided for supplying a water-resistant sealant at predetermined regions on the plates such that the sealant may be spread over predetermined portions of the structure surface and the plates by clamping the plates and sealant to the marine structure with a corrosive resistant fastener. The method also preferably includes steps for providing the encasing plates with sealant-locating furrows at the plate faces that mate with the marine structure to be encased, the locating furrows being provided for receiving the sealant at a prescribed location relative to plate borders and for pre-measuring the amount of sealant to be applied.

Abstract: Flexible elastomer wrap panels stretched and clamped encircling submerged pilings, risers and pipelines are coated to resist degradation by any form of marine life, and incorporate an interior pile-facing felt layer impregnated with a corrosion inhibiting and biocidal gel, providing long term protection for pilings and like submerged objects. The wrap panels present radial rib-strakes protruding outward from the piling and extending along the piling in a longitudinal direction, either vertically, parallel to the vertical axis of the piling or pipe, or slanting helically, reducing or eliminating aeolian vibration induced by flowing ocean currents causing vortex formation.

Abstract: A fairing system is disclosed for installation about a drilling riser deployed in a deepwater application. In another aspect of the invention, a method for deploying a drilling riser fairing system is disclosed in which a first retaining ring is installed on a buoyancy can encircling the drilling riser and a drilling riser fairings is installed above the first retaining ring. Drilling riser fairing installation folds a pair of fairing sides of a fairing shroud about an axially disposed hinge to surround the buoyancy can above the first retaining ring. A tail connection system secures the tail ends of the fairing sides together and a pair of struts are installed to further secure the fairing sides together. A plurality of interior bearing pads are provided on the internal circumference of the fairing shroud and axial bearing pads are provided on flanges at the upper and lower edges of the fairing shroud.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a supplemental reinforcing structure for supplementally reinforcing an existing reinforced concrete pier and a reinforced concrete pier reinforcing method facilitating and simplifying field work, and capable of saving time and labor necessary for field work and of improving the quality and reliability of field work. A closed steel plate structure is constructed so as to surround a reinforced concrete pier with a space formed between the closed steel plate structure by connecting a plurality of steel elements including flat steel elements (6) having longitudinal mating edge portions (5) for forming mechanical joints and angular steel elements (7) having longitudinal mating edge portions (5) for forming mechanical joints and a shape resembling an angle iron. The mating edge portions (5) of the adjacent steel plates (6, 7) are joined together to connect the adjacent steel plates (6, 7). A freely formable hardening material is filled in the space and is made to harden therein.

Abstract: A fire and heat protection wrapping system for wrapping conduits, cable trays, transmission lines, cables and other electrical transmission devices associated with the transmission of electricity and electrical signals, and gas and oil pipelines. The protection wrapping system includes a concentric composite laminate structure having a plurality of concentric layers for the protection of the transmission devices which are exposed to high temperatures in excess of three (3) hours in duration. The plurality of concentric layers incudes an outer first layer, an inner second layer, an inner third layer and an inner core fourth layer for wrapping the electrical transmission device. The outer first layer is a fiberglass textile having an intumescent coating for resistance to fire, heat, water, impact and the outer first layer surrounds the inner second layer.

Abstract: Flanges are often subject to corrosive marine environments and/or fire-prone environments when they are employed in applications such as offshore drilling and production platforms, or other marine applications. An apparatus and method to protect the flange from such corrosive environments and fire has been discovered. The apparatus is removable and reusable which allows the flange to be inspected and repaired when necessary.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating a controlled environment about a pile submerged in a body of water in order to prevent marine infestation or further marine infestation, the apparatus in process comprising a tubular jacket installed about the submerged pile exposed to water, and introducing a marine grade foam between the tubular jacket and the pile thereby displacing any water between the tubular jacket and the pile, the foam upon setting, forms a rigid strata between the tubular jacket and the submerged pile thereby denying the surface of the pile exposure to water.

Abstract: A wall surface of a structure to be rendered antifouling is covered with antifouling panels caused to firmly adhere thereto and fixed. Not only can this work be conducted easily and quickly but also part of the antifouling panels can be easily replaced. The disclosed antifouling wall structure and method of constructing the antifouling wall are characterized in that antifouling panels each comprising a base material layer and, formed thereon, an antifouling paint layer are arranged on a wall surface of structure to be rendered antifouling so that the antifouling panels have their side of antifouling paint layer brought into contact with water and detachably fixed by means of fastening members.

Abstract: A metal coating of typically a valve metal, especially a titanium metal coating, is applied by thermal spraying to the surface of concrete, most particularly steel-reinforced concrete. The metal such as titanium may be sprayed by any one of several thermal spraying techniques including flame spray, electric-arc spray, plasma spray, high-velocity oxyfuel spray, or detonation gun spray. The metal coating should be tightly adhered to the concrete and desirably will have a porosity to facilitate extensive coating of the metal itself, as well as facilitate any activation that may be needed for the metal. Such activation can be in the form of an electrochemically active material which allows the coating to function in electrochemically active form. One coating option is to apply a solution onto the spray-applied metal, then polarize the metal anodically to effect deposition of active material on the metal.