Abstract: Various aspects include devices, systems, and methods for securing an anchoring element to a seafloor. The methods may use a subsea anchorage installation system that may include a subsea grout supply assembly. The subsea grout supply assembly may include a variable volume grout storage chamber, a paddle, and a subsea grout pump. The variable volume grout storage chamber may be configured to transport dry grout to a seafloor. The variable volume grout storage chamber may include a water injection port configured to receive water for mixing with the dry grout on the seafloor. The variable volume grout storage chamber may also be configured to expand from a collapsed configuration as water is injected.

Abstract: A system for holding a tubular sleeve (2) in a receiving structure during setting of a cement or other binder introduced in a fluid state between the sleeve (2) and the receiving structure, comprising:—at least one expandable structure (4) mounted on the sleeve (2), deformable from an inactive configuration allowing insertion of the sleeve (2) in the receiving structure to an active configuration immobilizing the sleeve (2) in the receiving structure,—at least one corresponding tool to be inserted in the sleeve (2), configured for acting on the expandable structure (4) to cause it to pass from the inactive configuration to the active configuration.

Abstract: Downhole assemblies and methods for isolating a wellbore. A downhole tool can include a body having a bore or flowpath formed therethrough, and one or more sealing members disposed therein. The one or more sealing members can include an annular base and a curved surface having an upper face and a lower face, wherein one or more first radii define the upper face, and one or more second radii define the lower face, and wherein, at any point on the curved surface, the first radius is greater than the second radius. The sealing members can be disposed within the bore of the tool using one or more annular sealing devices disposed about the one or more sealing members.

Abstract: A coupling system for temporarily coupling a jacket with a foundation pile includes a first flange for mounting with the jacket, a second flange for contacting the foundation pile, and an inflatable spacing member arranged between the first flange and second flange. The inflatable spacing member contacts both the first flange and second flange for supporting the jacket through the spacing member.

Abstract: A floating nuclear power reactor is provided and includes a barge floating in a tank filled with water. The reactor includes a self-cooling containment structure and an emergency heat exchange system.

Abstract: A general purpose passive annular grout seal assembly is disclosed which is suitable both for offshore jacket installations with regular annular gap sizes and for offshore wind turbine structure installations with an extraordinarily large annular gap of any sizes. Grout self-sealing operation during grouting is conducted in two steps: 1) a gap reducing action enabled by a gravity differential pressure force induced tilting of a plurality of flip plates, and 2) a gravity differential pressure force induced sealing action for the remaining small gaps. This disclosed new type of grout seal can not only enhance grout seals' overall system reliability by eliminating all potential sources for harmful results known to the offshore industry, but also significantly reduce costs for fabrication, transportation, and installation of grout seals.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for attenuating water pressure pulses generated during sea piling when a percussion mechanism is used, including the stage of driving at least one pile into an earth by a percussion mechanism, while along at least a part of its axial extension, the pile is surrounded by water and at least partly by a tubular outer sleeve; and at least one gas-filled space is provided between the inner periphery of the outer sleeve and the outer periphery of the pile. The apparatus includes mechanisms for providing the gas-filled space.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and method for supporting a catenary riser coupled to an offshore platform system including a pull tube and a pull tube stress joint for girth weld stress reduction and improved fatigue performance. A pull tube sleeve is coupled around a welded connection of the pull tube. The sleeve has a larger inner diameter than an outer diameter of the pull tube to form an annular space therebetween, and a fill material is filled into the space between the sleeve and the pull tube. The fill material provides a supportive coupling between the sleeve and the pull tube. The sleeve, the pull tube, or both can have gripping surfaces formed in or on their surfaces to retain the fill material in the space. The sleeve can be formed from a plurality of portions and be welded, fastened, or otherwise coupled around the pull tube.

Abstract: Umbrella support apparatuses and kits are provided. The umbrella support apparatus may be used to support umbrellas where stability is desired. The umbrella support apparatus includes an umbrella or be used with existing umbrellas having a support shaft, a collar connected to an approximate mid-point of the support shaft, at least one auxiliary support shaft angularly connected to the collar with a connector for supporting the umbrella against an external force.

Abstract: A guiding assembly for a riser piping system (2) in an opening in the bottom (8) of a floating structure, said assembly permitting limited axial and angular displacement of the riser piping system (2) in said opening. The assembly comprises a prismatic anchor (1) surrounding a portion of the riser piping system (2) and being connected thereto, an outer prismatic guide tube (4) receiving the prismatic anchor (1), the outer prismatic guide tube (4) having inner surfaces that are parallel to and equally spaced from outer surfaces on the prismatic anchor (1), and rollers (3) arranged in at least two different levels and confined in spaces (2) formed between said inner and outer surfaces, the rollers (3) permitting relative axial movement between the prismatic anchor (1) and the outer prismatic tube (4).

Abstract: A method of stabilizing a wind power installation including early identification of the need for stabilization of the wind power installation by means of measurement of the pylon movement during operation of the wind power installation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for installing a support column under the water. The method includes: (step 1) installing a plurality of steel pipes to stand up at regular distance on the floor of a place with water; (step 2) inserting a drilling rod into each of the steel pipes, to excavate a bedrock with a bit attached to an end portion of the drilling rod and fixing the drilling rod on the bedrock; and (step 3) placing and curing an accelerating agent containing concrete or mortar inside each of the steel pipes. According to the disclosed method, the solar generating apparatus mounted on a floating plate can be more securely supported by firmly installing the support column.

Abstract: A remotely operable drilling apparatus (6) comprises a body such as frame (10) and drive means arranged to drill annular pile (8), which is loaded in the drilling apparatus (6) into the floor of a body of water. The annular pile comprises a cutting shoe (24). The drive means comprises a power swivel (12) which attaches to the top of the annular pile (8) by means of a drive head. Delivery means is also provided which comprises at least one nozzle to enable flushing fluid and grout to be injected around annular pile (8). The power swivel (12) is raised and lowered by rack and pinion means 14 disposed on either side of the power swivel (12).

Abstract: A partially floating supported marine platform for offshore wind turbines, bridges and offshore buildings includes horizontal beams and hollow, cylindrically-shaped and vertically disposed buoyancy tubes interconnected to form the marine platform. A cone matching technique may be employed to fast fix the buoyancy tubes onto concrete beds in the seabed that are prepared in advance. Piling support to enhance the foundation of the platform may be used, to be installed within the buoyancy tube interior using small diameter piles that are driven down into the concrete beds and socketed into bedrock. The buoyancy tubes are capped at top and bottom ends, providing buoyancy to the platform at temporary and/or at permanent states. All manual operations for installing piling support are performed in dry conditions, thus expensive piling vessels are not required, thereby providing an economical and safe technology for the development of the ocean.

Abstract: A jacket 4 for an offshore structure comprises a plurality of jacket modules 6 stacked one above the other, each of the jacket modules having multiple hollow legs 10; and a plurality of piles 8 passing through the hollow legs 10 for securing the jacket 4 to the sea-bed; wherein the piles 8 include: foundation piles 8a passing through legs 10 of a lowermost jacket module 6a, with a lower part of each foundation pile extending downward below the lowermost jacket module 6a into the sea-bed, and an upper part of each foundation pile extending upward out of the tops of the legs 10 of the lowermost jacket module 6a and into legs 10 of a second jacket module 6b located atop the lowermost jacket module 6a such that the upper parts of the foundation piles 8a extend into the legs 10 of the second jacket module 6b by a height less than the height of the jacket modules 6; and follower piles 8b within the legs 10 of the second jacket module 6b located atop the upper parts of the foundation piles 8a and extending upward ou

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for the passive reduction of the sound vibrations in a liquid resulting from a sound source arranged below the liquid level of a body of water, the device comprising an elongate tube which can be arranged over the sound source, the tube comprising an outer wall and inner wall, wherein the tube is designed to maintain a certain desired pressure in the intermediate space between the inner and outer wall. In this case, the pressure is reduced with respect to the ambient pressure. As a result of the reduced pressure, the sound vibrations will less readily travel to the outside and the noise level in the area around the tube is reduced.

Abstract: A grouting cabin structure of a grouted connection for use in a foundation of an offshore wind turbine generator is described. The structure includes a pile, a sleeve which is coaxial with said pile and installed outside said pile, and a first grouting exhaust port and a first connection port for a grouting pipe provided at an upper part and a lower part of said sleeve. An enclosed cabin of a barrel form is arranged in a gap between said pile and said sleeve, said enclosed cabin is formed by an internal wall of said cabin and said sleeve, a second connection port for the grouting pipe and a second grouting exhaust port are provided at a lower and an upper part of said enclosed cabin, respectively; the cabin and pile form a first grouting space and said cabin and said sleeve forms a second grouting space.

Abstract: A system for deploying an undersea anchor is provided, where the system includes a controller programmed and configured to monitor the drilling and grouting of micropiles in real-time and compare the metrics detected by such monitoring against pre-determined design criteria to substantially ensure micropile deployment meets the design criteria upon completion of the drilling and grouting process during micropile deployment. The system may also include means for pre-tensioning the micropiles after deployment, where the controller is programmed and configured to determine whether the pre-tensioning process conforms to design criteria.

Abstract: A method controls force transmission between a structure and its base during grouting-in the fastening parts of the structure in the corresponding bases on or in the seabed. The method may include connecting a bracket to at least one of the fastening parts of the structure; arranging an elastic material on the bracket; displacing the fastening part to an overlapping position with the base until the elastic material transmits at least a portion of the weight of the structure to the base; and filling an opening between the fastening part and the base with a curable mass.

Abstract: Wind turbine foundation comprising at least one substantially elongated pin associated with a wind turbine tower and at least one corresponding substantially elongated pile foundation to be inserted into a surface and adapted for receiving at least a portion of the length of the pin when in use, wherein the pin comprises an inserting end arranged opposite to a connecting end associated with the wind turbine tower and a stopping element is arranged inside the pile on a plane substantially transversal to a longitudinal axis of the pile, wherein the stopping element is adapted to receive said inserting end such that when the pin is inserted into the pile the inserting end is fitted in the stopping element. Furthermore, a wind turbine comprising such a foundation is described.

Abstract: A grouting cabin structure of a grouted connection for use in a foundation of an offshore wind turbine generator is described. The structure includes a pile, a sleeve which is coaxial with said pile and installed outside said pile, and a first grouting exhaust port and a first connection port for a grouting pipe provided at an upper part and a lower part of said sleeve. An enclosed cabin of a barrel form is arranged in a gap between said pile and said sleeve, said enclosed cabin is formed by an internal wall of said cabin and said sleeve, a second connection port for the grouting pipe and a second grouting exhaust port are provided at a lower and an upper pat of said enclosed cabin, respectively; the cabin and pile form a first grouting space and said cabin and said sleeve forms a second grouting space.

Abstract: This underwater structure is installed at the sea bed and supports an above-water structure that is provided above the water, being provided with a first support member made of steel that extends from the sea bed to above the water and that has a first space therein; and a filling material being filled in a portion of the first space.

Abstract: A method of securing a load bearing structure to the bed of a sea, river or estuary. The method comprises placing the load bearing structure on the bed; forming a pile-receiving hole in the bed by means of drilling equipment which is connected to a surface vessel by flexible lines only so that the weight of the drilling equipment is supported by the bed, the drilling equipment being guided by the load bearing structure, and the load bearing structure resisting any non-vertical loads imparted to the drilling equipment; and withdrawing the drilling equipment and installing an attachment pile within the formed hole.

Abstract: A method of, and system for, collecting and controlling hydrocarbons leaking from offshore sea bottom environments entail providing a concrete containment barrier and catenary gasket around the leak source, pumping concrete onto the catenary gasket, opening ports and valves in a containment vessel while it is positioned over the leak source, at least partially embedding the containment vessel in the pumped concrete, closing the ports and valves to capture leaking fluids, and communicating the fluids to the surface for further processing. The modular containment barrier may be placed around an existing or potential well site, or an operating well, abandoned well or sea bottom fissure to facilitate implementation of the method in the event of a leak.

Abstract: A remotely operable drilling apparatus (6) comprises a body such as frame (10) and drive means arranged to drill annular pile (8), which is loaded in the drilling apparatus (6) into the floor of a body of water. The annular pile comprises a cutting shoe (24). The drive means comprises a power swivel (12) which attaches to the top of the annular pile (8) by means of a drive head. Delivery means is also provided which comprises at least one nozzle to enable flushing fluid and grout to be injected around annular pile (8). The power swivel (12) is raised and lowered by rack and pinion means 14 disposed on either side of the power swivel (12).

Abstract: A driven pile anchor suitable for securing a tendon of a tension leg platform to the seafloor is supplemented with added weight. The pile may be a conventional driven friction pile installed with an underwater pile hammer. A load frame is added to the individual pile to accommodate ballast weights. Pre-manufactured ballast weights are placed on the frame to increase the holding power of the pile anchor system. The ballast weights may be secured solely by gravity connections, thereby simplifying their installation. In a second embodiment, the pile is intentionally plugged and installed with the plug intact. Pre-manufactured ballast weights are then placed inside the pile and may be held in place by gravity. In a third embodiment, the pile is a conventional driven friction pile installed with an underwater pile hammer. The pile is initially open but subsequently evacuated and intentionally plugged near its pile tip. Pre-manufactured ballast weights are placed inside the pile to increase its holding capacity.

Abstract: Grouting equipment and methods suitable for use in underground water wells, which accomplish their goals by better centering the grouting equipment within a bore hole, even in curved bore holes, in an manner that prevents leakage of the grout into the well. Improved grouting is achieved by using corrugated, bendable incasings and expandable tubes which create a seal between the incasing and the well wall for the grout, and which prevent both contaminated surface water and grout from contaminating the groundwater. The disclosed techniques are implementable in such a manner that grouting does not necessarily need to precede the location of a groundwater nappe.

Abstract: A new pile assembly and process are disclosed. A pile cap is attached to a pipe pile. A partition is installed below the pile cap creating an air chamber between them that is at surface atmospheric air pressure. An external conduit containing a valve that is closed connects the pile's interiors above and below the partition. The pile is driven into the ocean floor filled with entrapped sea water below the partition so that little or no soil core is generated. After the clay soils adjacent to the pile have regained their strength, the valve is opened. A small amount of sea water expands into the air chamber. The pressure on both sides of the partition and the bottom of the pile cap is now slightly above surface atmospheric air pressure. It is the downward force of hydrostatic pressure on top of the pile cap that increases the tension capacity of the driven pile. In deep water hydrostatic pressure is substantial, constant and cheap.

Abstract: A fixed, non-compliant, non-floating offshore platform subject to lower wave, wind, current, and rig loadings resulting from a configuration that supports the portion of the well casings that extend from near the seafloor to a deck level above the water surface using tension instead of intermediate lateral supports. Only the smallest one or two well casings among all those that comprise the well casing system are extended back from the seafloor, which further reduces the lateral loadings on the structure.

Abstract: A subsea inflation and grout system for use on subsea supports of offshore drilling platforms and the like. The system includes at least one grout control valve and at least one inflation control valve, each of which has a piston therein with a side always exposed to hydrostatic pressure from the sea when submerged. In the event of damage to the grout line to the grout control valve or the inflation line to the inflation control valve, the piston in the valve is pressure balanced so that hydrostatic pressure cannot prematurely or accidentally move the piston. The piston in the grout control valve is held in place by a shear pin. The piston in the grout control valve is held in place by a spring. The piston in the inflation control valve further defines a passage therethrough, and a check valve is disposed in the passage for preventing fluid flow from the outlet of the inflation control valve to the inlet even when the piston is in an open position.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a re-usable offshore platform that is secured in place by skirt piles. The platform is constructed with skirt pile sleeves having an interior insert that is subsequently connected to the skirt pile. Prior to salvage, or re-use, the connection between the sleeve and the insert is cut thereby enabling the skirt pile to be removed which consequently allows the platform to be moved. Upon re-use or re-positioning, a new insert is installed and secured within the sleeve afterwhich new skirt piles are stabbed through the insert and embedded in the seafloor. Alternatively, should larger piles be needed at the new location, the larger piles can be stabbed through the sleeve itself thereby eliminating the need for new inserts.

Abstract: An inflatable grout packer includes a housing having an inner bore. An annular inflatable bladder is received in the inner bore of the housing. The bladder has an inflation cavity defined therein for containing an inflatation fluid. The bladder has first and second axial ends and has radially inner and outer walls. The bladder provides a seal between the housing and an elongated cylindrical member, typically a piling, received through the bladder. First and second end rings are sealingly bonded to the first and second ends of the bladder and also sealingly attach to the housing so that a backup seal is thereby provided against leakage of inflation fluid through the radially outer wall of the bladder. An inflation coupling is attached to the radially outer wall.

Abstract: A method of securing an anchor rod in a borehole at an underwater location without the use of expanding force includes a first step of partially filling the borehole with a flowable hardenable bonding mass. Next, a cartridge containing a hardenable bonding mass is placed in the borehole and a part of the flowable bonding mass is displaced from the borehole. Since the cartridge substantially fills the borehole, the flowable bonding mass flows between the borehole surface and the cartridge. Finally, an anchor rod is driven into the borehole breaking up or destroying the cartridge, so that the two bonding masses mix, harden and bond the anchor within the borehole.

Abstract: An improved grouting method and arrangement using particulate material and aqueous solutions of alkali silicate materials confined between pile seal assembly and top of an offshore platform in sealing the annular space formed between either a jacket leg or pile sleeve and a pile driven therethrough or similar annular space of an offshore platform to support a column of grout thereon so that the annular space may ultimately be filled with grouting material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the load bearing capacity of tubular piles by freezing an area of soil surrounding the piles. A refrigeration unit is located on the surface of an offshore structure and circulates cold brine to an isolated section of the pile. The brine freezes the soil surrounding the pile. Freezing the soil increases the surface friction beween the pile and the soil, providing increased load bearing capacity.

Abstract: The device for the occlusion of the internal clearance of tubular foundation piles according to the invention comprises a plug, consisting of a shutter and a deforming ring cooperating with a deformation fixture capable to impart to the plug the opening position for its blockage within the pile, wherein the shutter consists of a cylindrical body which can be restrained by the deformation fixture, having close to its upper margin a plurality of axially oriented lamellar elements, which can be laterally deflected as a result of the insertion of the deforming ring into the cylindrical body under the action of the deforming fixture, going from a configuration with a smaller external diameter than the one of the rings previously fastened in the pile for this purpose, to a configuration with a larger diameter than the one of the same rings.

Abstract: A pressure actuated flow control valve for use in conjunction with inflatable packers and grouting systems on offshore oil platforms. The valve includes an elongated body with a plurality of pistons slidably disposed in the body between first and second positions, each piston being positioned adjacent a corresponding discharge port on the body. When in the first position, the piston sealingly closes the corresponding discharge port. When the piston is in the second position, the piston sealingly closes another discharge port adjacent the corresponding discharge port. A plurality of sleeves are annularly positioned around each of the pistons. First and second pressure lines are provided in communication with volumes adjacent opposite ends of pistons such that alternate pressurizing of the first and second pressure lines results in sequential movement of the pistons from the first to second positions.

Abstract: A simple, easily manipulated remote fluid transfer system comprising a pump, grout pipe string, a manipulation device, guide sleeve, and a remote video display device.

Abstract: An arctic offshore platform adapted for use in hydrocarbon exploration and production operations conducted in relatively shallow waters with low to moderate ice environments. The arctic offshore platform of the present invention includes one or more support legs. Each support leg includes a base resting on the ocean floor, a central support column extending upward through the base to a position above the ocean surface and a sloped-sided member seated atop the base and extending upward around the central support column to a position above the ocean surface. In installation, the base and central support column are installed and secured to the ocean floor as a unit. Following this, the sloped-sided member is secured atop the base. The sloped-sided member causes ice sheets which may impact the support leg to fail in flexure, thus reducing the overall ice loadings on the support leg relative to the loading which would exist were the sloped-sided member absent.

Abstract: A quick release grouting valve system is disclosed in which the valve system is provided in a first portion and a second portion which are joined together by a locking mechanism which is releasable by ROV manipulation of a protruding release handle relative to and adjacent protruding stationary handle.

Abstract: An underwater pile-framed structure comprises a plurality of upright piles 11 arranged in two parallel and spaced rows, reinforcing cages 13 surrounding the piles in peripherally spaced relationship thereto, and precast block stacks 22, 23 connecting together the piles in the two rows and surrounding individual pile-cage assemblies in each row. The piles are driven into the seabed in two spaced and parallel rows, the reinforcing cages are lowered over the piles to predetermined positions, the blocks are stacked over the cages to connect together the pile-cage assemblies in the two rows, and concrete is poured into the annular clearances between the piles and the block stacks.

Abstract: A concrete composition for underwater use contains about 0.1 to 4% by weight based on cement content of a water soluble vinyl polymer containing vinyl units having sulfonic groups. The concrete composition is easy to mix and prevents separation of concrete composition constituents as it is laid under water.

Abstract: A system and method for grouting skirt piles in skirt sleeves at the bottom of a deep water offshore platform. A series of spaced apart grout inlets are located on the outer wall of each sleeve and are adapted to be engaged by the end of a flexible grout line by making use of an underwater vehicle to make the connection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for increasing the capacity of a tubular driven pile. A refrigeration unit is lowered into the pile and grouted in place above a cement plug. The area between the refrigeration unit and the plug is filled with a secondary refrigerant. Seawater fills the pile above the refrigeration unit and is used for refrigeration unit cooling. The refrigeration unit cools the brine until the soil surrounding the pile is frozen. The adfreeze strength of the frozen soil and the pile increase the pull-out resistance of the pile. Further, the end-bearing capacity of the pile is increased as a result of the large frozen mass surrounding the pile.

Abstract: A submersible offshore jacket assembly is provided having a plurality of elongated pilings with a first diameter. A plurality of spaced, longitudinally aligned sleeves of a diameter greater than the first diameter of the piling are interconnected by suitable bracing and receive a piling therethrough, so that the sleeves surround the piling and are spaced therealong separately one from the other. A plurality of braces are connected to one another and each of said sleeves in an arrangement whereby said sleeves with the pilings function as the legs of the assembly. Each of said pilings has an exterior surface area otherwise completely exposed to the environmental forces of tides, wind, waves and current, along substantially the entire length of each piling between the spaced sleeves.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for positioning an offshore well substructure on the ocean floor. A substructure having a heigth of 1350 feet and base of 400 feet by 480 feet is subject to significant lateral forces caused by wind, wave, and current forces between the time period of lowering it to the ocean floor and driving piles through its skirt sleeves and into the ocean floor. Mudmats carried by the bottom corners of the substructure have downwardly-extending peripheral walls which penetrate the ocean floor so as to resist any lateral force to which the substructure is subjected. The base of a mudmat is approximately 10,000 square feet and the walls are approximately five feet high. A manifold system carried by each mudmat provides the capability of adjusting the level of the substructure after it has been lowered onto the ocean floor.

Abstract: Apparatus for forming a grouting member, for example, a grouted pile, in deep water comprises a female coupling member for connection to a male coupling member located on the sea bed, a conical guide for guiding the male coupling member into engagement with the female coupling member, a rotatable locking pin having an arcute recess portion, operable by a remotely operated underwater vehicle, for retaining the male coupling member in engagement with the female coupling member, and a connector for connecting the female coupling member to a source of grouting material.

Abstract: The ply overlap arrangement of the present invention comprises alternating the orientation or overlap direction of each ply of fabric strips with respect to a section of the peripheral reinforcing member so that each successive overlap end of strip is wrapped in the opposite direction from and falls on the opposite side of the reinforcing member from the preceding ply overlap end. Each overlap end is of sufficient length to extend back toward the center of the primary load carrying portion of the strips of the preceding ply. This arrangement, by extending the overlap ends back over the preceding ply of primary load carrying strips, ensures not only that an overlap of a strip will never be bonded to another ply overlap, but that each overlap will be bonded over a large area on one or both sides to a preceding ply of primary load carrying strips extending across the face of the closure or diaphragm.

Abstract: A tower adapted to be mounted in an upright position in water depths in the range of 1200 to 2500 feet. The tower has a plurality of guy lines which extend outwardly and downwardly from the upper end of the tower to anchors in the sea bottom. The tower has a number of spaced, generally parallel legs coupled together by braces, each leg being tubular to contain a plurality of sleeves and guides rigidly secured to the inner surface of the leg. Each sleeve has a tubular pile therewithin, the upper end of each pile being rigidly connected to the upper end of the sleeve, the piles extending downwardly through respective sleeves and guides and into the sea bottom to provide a foundation for the tower. Each pile serves as a compression spring to present tension-compression couples to withstand lateral forces during rocking motion of the upper end of the tower relative to the lower end thereof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for supporting a deep water guyed marine structure has a foundation which uses a system of piles connected to the marine structure only at a top portion thereof. The marine structure further has a mooring system which employs pairs of transversely, closely spaced guy lines connected to clump weights and further pairs of transversely, closely spaced guy lines connected from the clump weights to an anchor system. The marine structure mooring system can further provide a vessel mooring system in order to provide adequate control of the vessels during on and off loading of the marine structure and further to prevent fouling of the marine structure mooring system.