Abstract: An apparatus for forming an in-ground concrete piling includes an elongate hollow mandrel which can be driven into the ground with a pile driver. A cupped foot, having a larger cross-sectional area than the mandrel, is placed beneath the mandrel before it is driven into the ground, and openings located near the bottom of the mandrel permit grout placed in the mandrel to flow into the space between the mandrel and the foot. A hollow sheath which slidably fits over the foot is attached to the bottom of an annular collar which slidably fits over the mandrel, forming a seal to prevent escape of grout from the openings while the mandrel is being filled. In use the mandrel is filled with grout before it is driven into the ground. Thereafter, during driving, the grout flows out of the openings in the bottom of the mandrel into the space around the mandrel, which is created by the foot.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of anchoring a prefabricated pile into the ground as well as a pile for carrying out this method. The prefabricated pile (P) comprises essentially at its lower portion a recess (1) containing a bladder (2) connected to a source of material under pressure through the agency of a pile-line (3) extending along the axis of the pile, so that, when the bladder (2) is inflated, a radial deformation of the lower portion of the pile is provided to thus supply the latter with a base. The pile according to this invention is useful for any kind of works and presents an increased strength against tensile and compressive stresses.

Abstract: The invention relates to improvements in rotary groove-cutting tools of the type having a rotatable center shaft and two or more generally arcuate flyweight subassemblies mounted for rotational movement with the center shaft, each such subassembly when thus rotated being also mounted for pivotally-hinged door-like movement between a retracted inoperative position and an extended operative one in contact with the wall of the bore to be grooved about eccentrically-located axes paralleling the center shaft but displaced radially therefrom, such improvements relating to the design and placement of the abrasive-surfaced cutters carried by each of the flyweight subassemblies which especially adapts them for use in grooving concrete bores. More specifically, the invention encompasses such cutters which are circumferentially elongate to an angular extent in which they are adapted to bridge most voids in the bore wall without jamming.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for installing a hollow pile into an earth formation. The pile is provided with a closed bottom and perforations in a section of its wall near the bottom end and/or bottom closing plate. In this method, the pile is driven into the earth formation and liquid thermo-setting resin-forming composition is displaced through the pile and the perforations to permeate the formation where it solidifies and forms a consolidated mass. The liquid thermosetting resin-forming composition comprises:10-25%v--Epikote - 8282.5-10%v--MDA12.5-30%v--Butyloxitol0.25-2.5%v--DMP-100.5-5%v--Kerosene, and37.5-65%v--Xylene.

Abstract: A method for use when installing piles, in which a pipe (2) or the like is inserted into the ground (1) and a flowing and solidifiable substance (3) is introduced into the ground through the pipe, in order, when solidified, to support a pile, and in which method the solidified substance is subjected to pressure in order to cause the substance to penetrate into the surrounding earth and/or to displace the earth, so as to provide an anchorage for the pile.

Abstract: A metal pile has a splayable fluted bottom portion, the perimeter of which is greater than the nominal perimeter of the pile. A fluted expansion cone is located in the interior of the pile and is connected to the splayable fluted bottom portion. The flutes of the bottom portion, as well as of the expansion cone, desirably have exterior and interior edges which are substantially straight and sides portions therebetween which are substantially planar. The expansion cone generally has an acute apex angle. Once the pile is in place in the earth, the splayable flutes bottom portion can be horizontally expanded to a much larger diameter by applying a force to the top of the expansion cone which flattens the cone and imparts a horizontal expansion force and causes the fluted bottom portion of the pile to splay. When the diameter of the bottom portion of the pile has been increased, the pile will have significantly improved load bearing capacity and thus reducing the depth of penetration otherwise normally required.

Abstract: Apparatus for shoring a structure such as a foundation, comprising a support bracket engageable with the foundation, a pile adapted to be driven down into the ground adjacent the bracket, and at least one footing structure on the outside of the pile extending circumferentially of the pile in a plane generally at right angles to the central longitudinal axis of the pile. The footing structure has an outer diameter greater than the outer diameter of the pile for engagement with the soil as the pile is driven down thereby to increase the load-bearing capacity of the pile. A mechanism is provided for securing the pile to the bracket after the pile and the footing structure thereon have been driven to a depth sufficient to shore the foundation. A shoring method is also disclosed.

Abstract: An expansion body for constructions like piles or anchorages located in the earth is adapted for insertion into the ground in a compact shape and expanded therein to an expanded shape. The expansion is achieved by unfolding a folded metallic casing (11) by filling it up with pressurized fluid. Each end of the elongated body is sealed by a closure comprising a socket (16, 17) with a sleeve (18, 19) encircling the near end part of the casing and a bottom plate (20, 21) with spacing means (22, 23) projecting into the inside of the casing. The sleeve (18, 19) and spacing means (22, 23) define an annular space (26, 27) in which the end parts (14, 15) are kept in a folded position when the body is expanded.

Abstract: A support having a corrugated wall and a generally conical shape is insertable into a foundation material such as sand or dirt. During insertion, the lower end flares outwardly until the corrugations are fully expanded, whereupon the tensile strength of the wall forming the tubular body resists further expansion. The greatly increased surface area presented transverse to the direction of insertion, causes a large increase in resistance. The member with its base expanded can then be filled with concrete or other filler material and used as a stable foundation support.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming solidification structures in the underground (G) in which an insertion tube assembly (A) having a bit (12), an ultrasonic sensor (15) at the leading end thereof and an external nozzle direction monitoring device is inserted into the underground. While being rotated alternately in one and the other directions to dig a cavity in the ground, filling liquid is spouted into the cavity in the underground. The filling liquid is sucked upwardly through the insertion tube assembly together with the soil displaced by the digging of the cavity onto the ground where the liquid is separated from the soil. The filling liquid is recycled to the cavity to protect the wall of the cavity against collapsing. The filling liquid-soil suction and liquid recycling procedure is repeated until the cavity is dug to a predetermined depth. The direction of the jet nozzle (3) in the insertion tube assembly (A) at the predetermined depth of the cavity is monitored.

Abstract: A foundation improvement process comprising providing a first nozzle, a third nozzle, and a second nozzle opened up encircling the first nozzle at the side wall of a lower portion of an injection rod, at the same time providing a diffusion nozzle at an intermediate portion between the first and third nozzles, forming a curtain with a high pressure water jetting from this diffusion nozzle, providing a partition wall between hardening agent jetting from the third nozzle and an air lift portion by means of a fresh water and air jetting from the first and second nozzles by using this water curtain, thereby preventing the raising of the injected hardening agent for performing a sure improvement of a foundation, and at the same time preventing waste of the hardening agent.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a concrete pile in the ground with an enlarged base, including a tube having a diameter, and an upper and a lower end, a shoe provided at the lower end of the tube and having a larger diameter than the tube so as to form a gap between the tube and the ground, a longitudinal outer casing having a diameter substantially equal to the shoe diameter so as to define a space between the tube and the outer casing, the casing also having a lower end attached to the shoe, and an open upper end so as to allow a free flow of concrete into the space between the tube and the outer casing, a sliding joint provided so as to slidably attach the outer casing to the tube so that a predetermined length of sliding exists between the tube and the outer casing, a pile having a free-falling hammer, the tube, with the outer casing attached, being drivable into the ground by the pile to a depth greater than the length of the outer casing so as to form an opening in the ground and define the gap between the t

Abstract: The specification discloses a in situ cased pile and method for constructing same under the footing of a building. The invention is particularly suited to the stabilization of building footings in regions of unstable soil subject to uplift or subsistence. The cased pile extends through the unstable soil to a region of stable soil, and rests thereon. An enlarged pile footing in the stable soil is used. The movement of the unstable soil is isolated from the pile by means of a casing or tubular sleeve which surrounds the casing. A method of forming this structure in situ, without removing the unstable soil, is also disclosed. In the practice of this method a self-propelled soil displacing mole forms a hole in the subsoil and draws down a steel tube (15) to line the hole. The mole is withdrawn, a PVC or cardboard tube (16) is slid down the lined hole, and the lined hole is filled with concrete. The mole is re-run to produce a pile footing (17) and is again withdrawn.

Abstract: An expansion body for constructions like piles or anchorages located in the earth is adapted for insertion into the ground in a compact shape and expanded therein to an expanded shape. The expansion is achieved by unfolding a folded metallic casing (11) by filling it up with pressurized fluid. Each end of the elongated body is sealed by a closure comprising a socket (16, 17) with a sleeve (18, 19) encircling the near end part of the casing and a bottom plate (20, 21) with spacing means (22, 23) projecting into the inside of the casing. The sleeve (18, 19) and spacing means (22, 23) define an annular space (26, 27) in which the end parts (14, 15) are kept in a folded position when the body is expanded.

Abstract: A ground anchor is composed of a number of components and is firmly held in position in the ground by its components being moved apart and firmly urged onto the wall of the cavity in which the ground anchor is positioned.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing in-situ concrete piles with enlarged bases. The method includes the steps of: driving into the ground a tube provided at its lower end with a shoe which is larger than the diameter of the tube, and with an outer casing attached around its lower portion; filling fresh concrete into the gap between the tube and the soil as fast as the opening in the soil is formed; expelling the shoe and a plug of concrete to form the enlarged base; and extracting the tube together with the outer casing.

Abstract: An under-reaming pile bore excavator by which a straight pile bore is first excavated vertically to a given depth by rotating the main drill bits and the under-reamed bore is next excavated downward and outward into a given shape by rotating the slidable wing bits. The under-reaming pile bore excavator of the present invention comprises a plurality of guide rails, and a plurality of slidable wing bits mounted on the guide rails which excavate the under-reamed bore, in addition to the conventional main drill bits which excavate the straight pile bore. In using the under-reaming pile bore excavator of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a stable impermeable soil surface on the excavated bore to prevent water from penetrating into the soil wall and to prevent lumps of soil from being dislodged therefrom.

Abstract: A precast concrete pile is provided which has spaced apart concavities disposed in its inner or outer peripheral wall surface. The spaced apart concavities partially extend into the wall surface and terminate with frangible end portions. These end portions break under pressure of mortar pumped into the pile body, thereby forming apertures through which the mortar flows from the pile into the ground adjacent the pile. The precast concrete pile, after being driven into the ground, has a hydraulic sealing apparatus suspended at a desired level within the pile. The hydraulic sealing apparatus is filled with oil to cause radial swelling of the rubber packing to seal off a hollow space within the pile under the packing, and mortar is pumped under pressure into the sealed space until the concavities burst open to enable internal mortar to penetrate the ground surrounding the pile.

Abstract: A rock bolt comprising a bolt body, a bag member directly surrounding an outer periphery of the bolt body adjacent to one end thereof, retainer means from securely fixing the bag member direct to the bolt body, a first tube means for feeding packing material into the bag member and extending through the bag member and toward the other end of the bolt body. The packing material filled into the bag member acts to lid or plug the hole into which the rock bolt has been inserted.

Abstract: An under-reaming pile bore excavator by which a straight pile bore is first excavated vertically to a given depth by rotating the main drill bits and the under-reamed bore is next excavated downward and outward into a given shape by rotating the slidable wing bits. The under-reaming pile bore excavator of the present invention comprises a plurality of guide rails, and a plurality of slidable wing bits mounted on the guide rails which excavate the under-reamed bore, in addition to the conventional main drill bits which excavate the straight pile bore. In using the under-reaming pile bore excavator of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a stable impermeable soil surface on the excavated bore to prevent water from penetrating into the soil wall and to prevent lumps of soil from being dislodged therefrom.

Abstract: According to the invention, a casing pipe is set on the ground and filled with a fluid, whereupon electric pulses are passed through the fluid to produce a series of electric discharges. The casing pipe is driven into the ground due to the resultant electrohydraulic effect. While the casing pipe is being pulled from the ground, it is filled with concrete mix which is compacted by passing electric pulses therethrough to produce electric discharges. The installation for effecting this method comprises a pile puller, a pile driver and a concrete feeder, all connected to the casing pipe. The pile driver incorporates a fluid feed system communicating with the casing pipe, and a pulse device with electrodes installed at the lower portion of the casing pipe, which is intended to produce electric discharges in the fluid fed into the casing pipe by the fluid feed system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of setting a pile without causing any noise or vibration. A hollow pile is erected along a leader fixed on the ground, a screw auger is inserted through the hollow center of the pile, the screw auger is hung on the leader in such a manner that it can freely move up and down and freely rotate, and the pile is sunk by its own weight as the soil below the bottom of the pile is excavated and the excavated soil is carried above the ground. The present invention further relates to an apparatus for executing the above method. The lower part of the screw auger is constructed in such a manner that it is divided into two parts, inner tube and outer tube, and both tubes can rotate through a certain angle and move up and down in a certain range relatively to each other.