Abstract: Pilings are installed for leveling a foundation. A first segment is driven into the ground. Then two support rods of varying length are positioned and grouted into a passage running through the segment. The first support rod is one-half of the height of the piling segment, while the second is one and one-half times the height of the piling segment. An additional piling segment is driven on top of the first segment. Support rods which are twice the height of a single segment are positioned and grouted into the passage. This process is repeated until the assembly is the required depth.

Abstract: An apparatus for lifting and stabilizing sunken or settled foundations, slabs, footings, etc. includes a lifting plate having a pipe section solidly secured thereto, for passing concentrically over the anchor pier used in such operations. The concentric lifting plate pipe precludes cocking or tilting of the plate relative to the anchor pier and foundation structure, thereby greatly improving the security of the lifting operation. As a result of the increased lifting plate stability provided by the present invention, only a single clamp is needed for securing the lifting assembly to the foundation. The clamp is adjustably positionable as required, to secure to a solid area of the foundation structure. The present system secures the plate to the pier using mechanical fasteners, thus precluding requirement for costly welding and other metal forming equipment. A method of raising or stabilizing a foundation or similar structure using the present apparatus, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a concrete pile construction method and an apparatus used for improving soft earth ground by constructing reinforced bar concrete pile structures in the earth. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a process for securing firm concrete piles having a reinforced bar core with uniform concrete by means of a pile apparatus in which projections are radially formed and a conical-shaped bit is formed pointedly on said pile apparatus.

Abstract: A rotary displacement piling equipment for boring a hole within the soil includes a rotary displacement bit, driving rod members connected to the bit, a casing surrounding the driving rod member, and a casing adapter having a lower end provided with a cylindrical collar for co-operating with the upper part of the casing for keeping in line the casing with respect to the driving rod member and with an horizontal thrust face for applying a thrust at the upper end of the casing, the driving rod member passing through the casing adapter. The equipment may also include a rotary drive box co-operating with the driving rod member for rotating the driving rod means and provided with connecting member to be connected to the upper end of the casing adapter, and vertical supporting and guiding member for supporting and vertically guiding the rotary drive box.

Abstract: A screw pier has an elongated shaft with a screw adjacent one end thereof. Soil displacing members are disposed on the shaft. The soil displacing members may be drawn through soil by turning the screw. A soil displacing member closer to the screw may be smaller than one or more soil displacing members farther from the screw. A driving tool may be provided for turning the screw.

Abstract: A core barrel has a plurality of pneumatic downhole hammer drills disposed around the perimeter of its working end for drilling piles in the ground for use in foundations, secant piles, and the like. The core barrel includes a slurry port and an air port at its top end for admitting a drilling slurry and pressurized air, which is used in driving the hammer drills and flushing cuttings from an annular kerf during drilling. A plurality of generally parallel plates form the top of the core barrel and define an air channel and a slurry channel for delivering air and slurry to the core barrel wall, where they flow freely or via conduits toward the hammer drills at the working end of the core barrel. The hammer-type core barrel is used to construct piles by first drilling an annular kerf in the ground. Circulating drilling fluid cools the working end of the hammer drills elements and washes cuttings from the kerf during drilling.

Abstract: A tool for use with a rotatable drill shaft and a source of pressurized fluidized solidifying agent. The tool member has upper and lower extremities. A coupler is coupled to the upper extremity of the tool member and is adapted to be secured to the drill shaft. A plurality of radially extending arms are secured to the tool member intermediate the upper and lower extremities of the tool member. A plurality of forwardly and downwardly extending teeth are secured to each of the radially extending arms and are spaced apart longitudinally of the arms. A plurality of nozzles are carried by the tool member and are spaced circumferentially of the tool member and are coupled to the source of pressurized fluidized solidifying agent.

Abstract: Methods for augmenting the load bearing characteristics of short aggregate piers include preloading matrix soils, adding chemical additives to matrix soils and using mesh reinforcement in matrix soils and in cooperation with the aggregate lifts associated with pier constructions. Methods for expanding the feasibility of short aggregate piers include the use of gradations of aggregate, reducing friction between the short aggregate pier and adjacent matrix soils using liners or lubricating materials, controlling liquefaction by employing aggregate drains in short aggregate pier constructions, the use of non-impact forces alone or in conjunction with vibratory forces in construction short aggregate pier lifts, and the use of indigenous materials in short aggregate pier constructions.

Abstract: A method for making piles and apparatus for practising the method of the invention are disclosed. The invention may be used to support the foundation of a structure, such as a building. The method draws one or more soil displacing members on a shaft down through a body of soil by turning a screw at the lower end of the shaft. The soil displacing members force soil out of a cylindrical region around the shaft. The cylindrical region is filled with grout to encapsulate and strengthen the shaft. The grout may be fed by gravity from a bath of grout around the shaft. The methods of the invention may be used to make stepped piers at much lower cost than existing methods. The invention provides methods for coating the screw portion of a screw pier with grout to protect the screw from the action of corrosive soils and to reinforce helical screws.

Abstract: An underground structural work, particularly for forming tunnels, underpasses, carparks or the like, includes a pair of containment structures which extend along two opposite sides of the work. These structures include pile elements capable of carrying a deck of the work formed by substantially vaulted deck sections which extend transversely of the containment structure. In at least some of the pile elements there is incorporated a prefabricated supporting element which includes an elongate reinforcement and a concrete body anchored to the reinforcement. Each deck section includes prefabricated elements of concrete defining a pair of side portions and a central portion which can be interposed between them. Between the lateral portions and the concrete bodies are formed free spaced to allow casting in situ of concrete for mutual anchoring.

Abstract: An excavation pit lining consisting of a slit wall of a hardening single-phase slit wall material with an exposed surface on the pit side, and also of vertical support elements placed at a distance in the single-phase slit wall material, whereby the slit wall forms a panel wall between the support elements and where the single-phase slit wall material has at least one water-retentive, lightweight aggregate.

Abstract: A method for underpinning a building comprises arranging at least one elongated supporting element below and substantially parallel to the foundation of the building. A whole side wall of the building may thus be underpinned in a single operation without unnecessarily weakening the existing underground. By coupling a plurality of elongated supporting elements, a kind of large-surface foundation that securely supports the building can be created. The architectonic substance of very old buildings may thus be preserved in a non-aggressive manner. In addition, the underpinning method can be carried out very quickly and at a relatively low cost.

Abstract: A drilled, cast-in-place shell pile in the form of a cementacious pipe surrounding an earthen core. The pile is cast in an annular kerf drilled in the soil with a rotating hollow cylindrical core barrel. The earthen core within the annular kerf remains in place to form the core of the shell pile and act as a form. The cylindrical shell of the pile transfers load from above to the soil mass below through skin friction, and may be reinforced against tension loads by a plurality of reinforcing bars. The earthen core has end bearing capabilities to assist in transferring loads from above. Soil excavated from the annular kerf may be mixed with cement to form a cementitious soil/cement mixture to be pumped into the annular kerf to form the cylindrical shell. This cementitious mixture, while in a fluid state, is pumped into the excavation as the core barrel is removed. A mixing/circulating unit is provided for on-site mixing of dry cement with the cuttings and other materials to form the cylindrical shell.

Abstract: A micropile (40) having an improved attachment to a concrete footing (56). The micropile (40) includes a novel top connector (50) attached to a shortened top casing segment (52d). The shortened top casing segment (52d) is attached to the other segments (52a-b) of the casing 52 for the micropile (40) by a casing coupler (62). The casing coupler (62) is located just below the concrete footing (56) for the micropile (40).

Abstract: A pile head dresser, for cast-in-place concrete piles, has an inner cylinder (2) adapated to permit a tremie pipe (16) to move in and out. The inner cylinder is surrounded by an outer cylinder (3). A top plate (1) and a bottom plate (6) interconnect the inner and outer cylinders (2, 3) so as to form a double cylinder structure (A). The bottom plate (6) has a plurality of reinforcement bar apertures (8) provided therein at equal intervals of a specified distance. Also, the top and bottom plates (1, 6) are provided with exhaust apertures (5, 9) for allowing a mixture of air and slurry to pass therethrough.

Abstract: A foundation for masts, posts, pillars, etc., wherein the foundation has a foundation tube (3) which is lowered into a pre-drilled hole (2) in the ground (1), where the pre-drilled hole has a diameter larger than the diameter of the tube (3) and where at least the space between tube (3) and ground (1) is filled with a casting mixture (8), e.g. concrete, a tube (3) is used which is designed with perforations (4) in its lower area. The foundation tube (3) is equipped with a coating which gives the tube protection against corrosion, and possibly also an electrical insulation. The coatings can have a rough surface in order to create the best possible adhesion to the casting mixture. In order to ensure that the coated foundation tube (3) is safely lowered into the hole, it is first lined with a casing (13), which is removed during or immediately after the casting.

Abstract: A relatively large diameter core barrel has a plurality of diamond cutting elements disposed around the circumference of its working end for drilling piles in very hard ground, such as metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks. Each cutting element is designed for quick and simple replacement in the field. The cutting elements are of diamond composition, and provide a substantially flat cutting face for cutting principally through abrasion at the interface of the cutting element and the hard ground to be drilled.Piles are constructed using the diamond-tipped core barrel by first drilling an annular kerf in the ground. Circulating drilling fluid cools the diamond cutting elements and washes cuttings from the kerf during drilling. The drilled core may be removed, or it may remain in situ, with the kerf being filled by cementitious material or by a structural steel casement to form a very strong pile.

Abstract: The invention pertains to an excavation pit lining consisting of a slit wall of a hardening single-phase slit wall material with an exposed surface on the pit side, and also of vertical support elements placed at a distance in the single-phase slit wall material, whereby the slit wall forms a panel wall between the support elements and where the single-phase slit wall material has at least one water-retentive, lightweight aggregate.

Abstract: An apparatus for consolidating earth and anchor setting device. The apparatus includes a vertical support, a plurality of spaced media consolidation plates swingably mounted to the vertical support, a rib disposed along a lower edge of respective ones of the consolidation plates and a bearing plate secured to the vertical support. The apparatus can be used to install a bearing and moment foundation having an upper surface, a lower surface and a converging side surface. The upper surface is adapted to receive a pushing force for pushing the foundation into the soil and the side surface adapted to contact the soil when a pushing force is applied to the upper surface. The anchoring device can also be used to install a pier foundation having a plug, an installation load bearing member, an installed load bearing member and a cap.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for making piles and apparatus for practising the method. The piles may be used to support the foundation of a structure, such as a building. The method draws a soil displacer on a shaft down through a body of soil by turning a screw at the lower end of the shaft. The soil displacer forces soil out of a cylindrical region around the shaft. The cylindrical region is filled with grout to encapsulate and strengthen the shaft. The grout may be fed by gravity from a bath of grout around the shaft. The soil displacer has a diameter smaller than a diameter of the screw and may be a disk extending in a plane generally perpendicular to the shaft.

Abstract: A post having particular utility for use in a highway sound barrier wherein a number of posts are set along the highway to support acoustical panels. Each post is made of reinforced precast concrete having side channels to mount the acoustical panels. The posts are supported on poured concrete footings having a tapered depression in the top surface which is reinforced by a surrounding array of closed loop reinforcing rods. The post is inserted in the depression and bonded thereto by a quick setting grout.

Abstract: A hollow, cylindrical pier foundation is constructed of cementitious material poured in situ between inner and outer cylindrical corrugated metal pipe shells. The foundation is formed within a ground pit and externally and internally back filled. The lower end of the foundation has a circumferential ring fully embedded therein and sets of inner and outer circumferentially spaced bolts have their lower ends anchored to the anchor ring, their upper ends projecting up outwardly of the top of the foundation and a majority of the midportions thereof free of connection with the cementitious material of which the foundation is constructed. The base flange of a tubular tower is positioned downwardly upon the upper end of the foundation with the upper ends of the inner and outer sets of bolts projecting upwardly through holes provided therefor in the base flange and nuts are threaded downwardly upon the upper ends of the bolts and against the base flange.

Abstract: A spacer (20) is mounted on a lateral rebar tie (13) of a reinforcement cage (11) of a poured concrete foundation support. The spacer (20) includes a pair of interlocking wheel members (21 and 22) which lock the wheel members (21 and 22) together in a mated interlocked relationship rotatably mounted about a lateral tie (13) of the reinforcement cage (11) to form the spacer (20). As the reinforcement cage (11) is inserted into an excavated shaft, the outer side wall (32) of the spacer (20) engages and rolls along the side wall thereof. The engagement of the side wall of the excavated shaft by the spacers (20) centers the reinforcement cage within the excavated shaft and maintains the reinforcement cage in its centered position as the excavated shaft is filled with concrete.

Abstract: A railroad crossing signal foundation has upright guide rods (19) to which an upper frame member (14) and a lower frame member (15) are mounted. A concrete reinforcement gridwork (16,17) is supported on the lower frame. After erection in a ground hole, concrete is poured into the hole to a fill plane defined by the upper frame member (14) so as to embed the frame member and gridwork and a portion of the guide rods located below the fill plane.

Abstract: A piling assembly is provided which comprises a casing unit comprising an upright hollow casing having a drive boot secured to the bottom of the casing, and an external mandrel adapted to be supported on the drive boot in surrounding relation with the casing. The mandrel includes a lateral opening therein which enables the mandrel to be placed around the casing through relative lateral movement. A driving force is applied to the mandrel so as to drive the drive boot into the ground such as to create a hole in the ground having walls spaced from the mandrel and casing and the resultant space is filled with grout. The mandrel is then removed and the casing filled with concrete.

Abstract: A corrosion-protected support element for a soil anchor or a rock anchor or a pressure pile includes a support member which is provided with a tubular casing. The hollow space between the support member and the casing is filled out by a hardening material, for example, cement mortar. The tubular casing is a plastics material tube, for example, of PE, which extends over the entire length of the support member. The plastics material tube has the same cross-section over its entire length. In the region of force-transmission between the support member and the bore hole in which the support element is placed, the plastics material tube is deformed at spaced-apart locations to deviating cross-sections having different transverse extensions.

Abstract: A cast in situ pile (12, 112) has a pile cap assembly (14, 114), comprising a plate (16, 116) with fixing bolts (18, 118) extending upwardly therefrom and at least one tube (28, 128) extending downwardly therefrom. The pile cap assembly is fitted to the pile prior to the concrete setting, whereby the pile cap assembly can be moved relative to the unset pile to achieve optimum positional accuracy.

Abstract: An integral combination of column and pile for use in building structures in a sandy soil. The method of formation is to provide a ground situs of suitable depth and width formed preferably by an hydraulic-powered auger. The situs is then filled with a cementitious slurry. A reinforced precast concrete column is provided having reinforcing bars extending a substantial length out of its bottom. The exposed bars are inserted into the slurry until the column merges with the slurry. Upon the hardening of the slurry, the result is an integral column and pile set into the ground.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fabricating a drilled, concrete pier in the earth at a construction site is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing a template from which vertical reinforcement bars may be suspended and disposed in spatial alignment generally defining the periphery of the reinforcement cage. All the vertical reinforcement bars of the reinforcement cage are suspended in vertical disposition from the template. Horizontal ties are positioned at selected sides along the length of the reinforcement bars, and are fastened to the vertical reinforcement bars at said sites. In this way, fabrication of the reinforcement cage is completed while the cage is vertically suspended from the template. The reinforcement cage can be fabricated and suspended directly above, and later lowered into, a hole drilled in the earth for a drilled pier foundation.

Abstract: A method of driving a sectional hollow concrete pile comprises applying a direct driving force to the upper end of a first pile section and driving it into the ground. Thereafter, a second similar pile section is applied to the top of the first driven pile section and the composite sectional pile is driven to the required depth. Further, similar sections may be applied one on top of the other and the composite pile thereby formed after the application of each further pile section is driven to the required depth.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming consolidated earth columns of cement grout or mortar, with reinforcement bars if required, e.g., for use in building foundations or in earth consolidation works in anchoring structures of excavation barriers, which significantly reduces the time taken to form the columns and improves productivity. The method includes the steps of injecting a consolidating grout when drilling into the earth. The drill may be left inside the column if a column with reinforcement bar is required. The plant to put the method into effect has a rotating joint manifold (6) at the upper end of the boring drill (11), equipped with tangentially arranged inlets which may be selectively inclined; and a group distributor body (15) placed at the lower end of the boring drill (11) above the boring tool that is equipped with grout flow devices.

Abstract: An integral combination of column and pile for use in building structures in a sandy soil. The method of formation is to provide a ground situs of suitable depth and width formed preferably by an hydraulic-powered auger. The situs is then filled with a cementitious slurry. A reinforced precast concrete column is provided having reinforcing bars extending a substantial length out of its bottom. The exposed bars are inserted into the slurry until the column merges with the slurry. Upon the hardening of the slurry, the result is an integral column and pile set into the ground.

Abstract: A method of forming a pile comprises driving a pile forming member (12, 40, 140) into the ground to a predetermined depth to form a passage of non-circular cross-section, preferably a circular cross-section (42) with fins (56) radiating therefrom, and while withdrawing the member (12, 40, 140) from the passage filling the passage with cementitious material so that then this material sets a pile if formed in the passage.

Abstract: A foundation for supporting poles, particularly electrical power cable support poles, is formed by boring a hole only slightly larger than the pole base onto the earth a desired depth. A reinforcing structure is lowered into the hole. The reinforcing structure usually rests on the bottom of the hole and extends above the earth surface a number of feet. The hole is then filled with concrete, usually up to the earth surface, and allowed to cure. A lowermost or base section of the pole is then lowered into position about an exposed upper portion of the reinforcing structure. Concrete is placed into the interior of the pole section about the reinforcing structure until it is covered. After the concrete cures, any remaining pole sections may be installed onto the base section.

Abstract: A practical method of forming foundation structures for buildings or the like is provided which allows economical and convenient formation of foundation piles and pile caps. In the preferred method hereof, an auger is drilled to a desired depth in the soil whereupon grout is pumped through the hollow shaft of the auger while the auger is removed to form a pile having an upper surface generally even with the initial grade level. A grout pump then removes grout from the pile down to a lower level generally slightly above the desired base level of a pile cap. After the grout hardens, the soil in the vicinity of the pile is removed to a level generally even with the upper surface of the pile whereupon a pile cap is poured onto the pile for at least partial support thereby.

Abstract: A method of making a cast-in-place prestressed pile by means of a movable casing set composed of some separable casings which can be displaced vertically, and pull and push each other after displacing. Reinforcing cage and prestressing strands can be placed within the casing set. After grouting, each section, the casings can be pulled out one by one with an external force to overcome friction between the earth and casings till complete removal of all casing, a cast-in-place pile is then formed, and the movable casing set can be used at another spot.

Abstract: The method of forming footings and piers in concrete construction includes excavating to accommodate placement of a two-part mold. The upper mold part is for the pier and interfits and communicates with the lower footing mold so that both may be poured at the same time through the upper pier part.

Abstract: A ground- or soil anchor is prepared and placed in the ground by drilling a bore hole at the chosen site by means of a drilling assembly which comprises an elongated tubular member which serves as drive shaft for the drill, which latter has tapering rear end and is designed to be pulled into the said tubular member, the leading end of which is split so that the parts thereof-on the drill being pulled into it-are spread apart and are eventually embedded in grout inserted into the bore hole.

Abstract: A combination sled/spacer comprising a molded body which has tie wires permanently connected thereto. The sled/spacer is adapted to be affixed to the outer surface of a steel reinforcing cage prior to the time that the cage is inserted into a pier hole in the ground. A preferred material for the molded body is a cementitious material, so that the concrete which is poured around the reinforcing cage will be similar to the material from which the sled/spacer is made. A plurality of longitudinal and transverse tie wires is preferred, so that the sled/spacer may be connected easily to both longitudinal and spiral members of a reinforcing cage. A typical sled/spacer has a length within the range of six to twelve inches, and is tapered from a wide surface which lies immediately adjacent the reinforcing cage, to a more narrow surface which bears against the sides of a pier hole. The surface which is expected to rub against the side of a pier hole is preferably convex.

Abstract: The anchoring element has at least one anchor traction member 1 stressable against an abutment 3 and kept longitudinally movable in the ground by an envelope 5. An anchor body 6 is connected with this anchor traction member 1 at its end facing the bottom of the anchor bore. The anchor body 6 interacts with at least one pressure member 1' under pressure. This pressure member 1', cooperating with the surrounding compression body 2, is also extended, as a traction member 1' for tensioning against the abutment 3, up to the ground surface. The traction member 1' cooperating with the compression body 2 is this way used on one hand, for pressure, and on the other hand for traction.

Abstract: To lower ground water in the region of foundation bodies, such as foundation piles and the like, a water-pervious layer of filtering concrete, in particular of uniform-grained concrete, is arranged below an upper water-impervious part which is made of standard concrete. From this layer the entering ground water is sucked through a pipe which extends through the foundation body and is designed as a water-pervious filter pipe in the region of the layer of filtering concrete. The layer of filtering concrete is preferably reinforced by reinforcing irons. After lowering of the ground water level, the filtering concrete is injected with a hardenable injection material, thus enabling the lower end of the foundation body to better absorb the pressures transmitted from the upper part.

Abstract: A composite bearing column comprises a solid metallic core of circular or polygonal section free from reentrant recesses. The core is embedded in an intermediate layer of mortar which is compatible both with metal and with concrete. An external concrete mass surrounds the intermediate layer. Metallic bars are longitudinally distributed around the central core in that concrete mass and extend lengthwise of the column parallel to the core. The bars are welded at their opposite ends to a base plate and to a head plate. In one embodiment, mounting rings are secured to the base and head plates and extend toward each other; and a metallic wire helically surrounds the bars.

Abstract: A combination support/spacer adapted for attachment to the periphery of a reinforcing cage--prior to the time that the cage is lowered into a pier hole. The support/spacer is configured in such a way as to be aptly referred to as a sled. The sled has a runner which is adapted to be in contact with the earth surrounding a pier hole, and said runner has a substantial flat face so that it provides wide-area contact with the earth. The runner has two ends, both of which are inclined upwardly with respect to the plane of the runner face. Both ends are turned up by the same amount, so that the sled may be mounted on a reinforcing cage without regard to a particular orientation, and so that the sled will perform equally well if the cage is being lowered or raised in the pier hole.

Abstract: Method for making an elongated support column extending downwardly into the ground which may be used in the construction of foundation piling, tension anchors and related installations, the method comprising generally the steps of providing a rigid elongated hollow driving mandrel with radial apertures in the lower section and having a driving foot on its lower end; passing the driving foot through and displacing the ground to form a space with a cross-sectional area greater than the mandrel in the wake of the driving foot until the uppermost radial apertures in the driving mandrel are below the level of the ground; continuing the driving of the driving mandrel and foot by introducing liquified fill material under pressure into the hollow portion of the mandrel, the pressure being adjusted so as to fill the space between the mandrel and the walls of the hole so as to prevent the ground from collapsing upon the mandrel; allowing the liquified fill material to solidify when the desired depth has been reached.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of a concrete pillar, cast on site, in difficult grounds, not allowing the use of traditional equipment.A rotating column equipped with nozzles at its lower end and having a reduced diameter as compared with the pillar to be built, sends, as it penetrates the ground, a powerful pressurized fluid jet; in this way a wide cavity is formed, which is filled during the same excavation with selected aggregates; finally a binding mixture is injected as the excavating tool is extracted.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of forming a cast-in-place concrete pile. A demolition-facilitating substance is mounted in an open top confined space above a predetermined level. The demolition-facilitating substance is expansible upon lapse of a predetermined period of time. Concrete is poured into the confined space to cover the demolition-facilitating substance to cast a concrete pile, so that the demolition-facilitating substance is expanded to produce cracks in the concrete pile above the predetermined level.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a foundation pile comprising a cylindrical tube (1) with one or more helically extending blades (14,15) at its lower end to which a hardening liquid is supplied that is conducted in such a manner that it penetrates the soil below the helical blade part or parts and along the tube wall (2) thereabove at 13. Said hardable liquid serves as means for removing the friction between pile and soil during screwing in the soil.

Abstract: A concrete pile is formed by forming a hole in the ground with an auger and introducing concrete material into the ground through the hollow stem of the auger, the concrete being forceably ejected from the hollow stem of the auger by compressed air supplied to a nozzle within the hollow stem of the auger adjacent the open end thereof. The auger is gradually withdrawn from the hole as the hole is filled with concrete. The auger is made of inter-connected auger sections, the sections being connected by couplers which provide channels for the flow of concrete and for the flow of compressed air. The auger bit is provided with an appropriate nozzle for the ejection of the compressed air.

Abstract: The invention contemplates an earth-anchor or the like structural reference which is cast in cementatious filling at the installation site and which relies upon a particularly characterized bored cavity in the underground medium to permit primary reliance upon the confined compressive strength of the medium, thereby substantially increasing the load capacity of the reference, as compared to prior constructions. To achieve this result, the bored cavity is characterized by one or more wall surfaces of relatively uniform slope with respect to the axis of the bore, the slope being dependent upon the particular medium. The invention is described in application to a foundation pile or caisson, and to an earth anchor, to illustrate compressional and tensional uses.

Abstract: A grouted strand anchor and method of making the same comprising a pre-drilled anchor hole, a strand having centering means thereon for centering the strand in the hole, and grout surrounding the strand and engaging the sides of the hole for transferring tension loads in the strand by shear forces in the grout to the sides of the hole.