Abstract: A method and apparatus for installation of a support pier for a structure comprises positioning a hollow tube apparatus in a soil matrix wherein the hollow tube apparatus has a hollow core and is susceptible to lateral and longitudinal movement, removing soil from the hollow core and then filling that core with an aggregate followed by raising and lowering of the hollow tube apparatus by a bottom mechanical device in a manner which compacts the aggregate and also applies lateral forces to the aggregate against the walls of the cavity in the soil matrix, pushing a portion of the aggregate into the soil matrix.

Abstract: Methods for augmenting the load bearing characteristics of short aggregate piers include preloading matrix soils, adding chemical additives to matrix soils and using mesh reinforcement in matrix soils and in cooperation with the aggregate lifts associated with pier constructions. Methods for expanding the feasibility of short aggregate piers include the use of gradations of aggregate, reducing friction between the short aggregate pier and adjacent matrix soils using liners or lubricating materials, controlling liquefaction by employing aggregate drains in short aggregate pier constructions, the use of non-impact forces alone or in conjunction with vibratory forces in construction short aggregate pier lifts, and the use of indigenous materials in short aggregate pier constructions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for producing subterranean walls comprised of granular material. The apparatus comprises a beam for making insertions into and extractions out of the ground to form a series of voids therein. The beam includes a hollow interior portion which receives a supply of granular material. The beam also has a plurality of outwardly projecting spurs on the outer faces thereof for scarfing the sidewalls of the void as the beam is extracted. The apparatus also includes a disposable shoe which is removably attached to the open bottom portion of the beam to prevent earthen material from entering the hollow interior portion of the beam as the beam is inserted into the ground. An actuating mechanism detaches the shoe from the open bottom portion of the beam after the beam has been inserted into the ground so that granular material is released into the void as the beam is extracted therefrom.

Abstract: A method is provided for centrifugally forming a subterranean, cylindrically shaped soil-cement casing in material located in a subterranean earth situs. A soil processing tool is advanced and rotated into the subterranean situs and as the tool advances a high velocity cement slurry is introduced through said tool to hydraulically divide the pieces of soil into particles and to mix the cement slurry with the particles to form a soil-cement slurry. As the soil processing tool is then withdrawn from the situs, the tool is rotated at a speed to exert a centrifugal force by the tool on the soil-cement slurry in excess of two G's, causing the solids of the soil-cement slurry to migrate away from the center of the hole to form a first cylindrical region at the edge of the hole and a second cylindrical region at the center of the hole. The first region has more of the dense solids and the second internal region has a greater proportion of free water and less of the dense solids.

Abstract: A method of forming a cast-in-situ pile with an enlarged head, wherein a collar (1,13) is releasably affixed to the lower end of a piling tool (10) and the piling tool (10) and the collar (1,13) are driven to a first depth and the collar (1,13) is released from the piling tool (10). The piling tool (10) is then driven to a second depth, the piling tool (10) passing freely through a central aperture (2,14) of the collar (1,13), which remains at the first depth. The piling tool (10) is then withdrawn, and concrete or grout (20) is supplied to the lower end of the piling tool so as to form a cast-in-situ pile (22). When the lower end of the piling tool (10) again reaches the first depth, the collar (1,13) is lifted from the ground and concrete or grout (20) is supplied into the void left thereby so as to form a pile (22) with an enlarged head (23).

Abstract: A process for constructing a jet grouted subterranean column provided with reinforcement. A hole is drilled in the ground to the desired depth using a drill bit carried in a hollow drill rod to which a drill casing is detachably coupled. As the drilling proceeds, grout is applied through the drill rod and is injected sidewardly at high pressure to cut into and mix with the bore wall. The casing is detached from the drill rod and lowered to the bottom of the bore, with the grout filling the annular space between the casing and enlarged bore wall. After the drill rod has been withdrawn from the casing, the casing may be left in place and filled with grout such that the casing provides reinforcement for the resulting grout column. Additional reinforcing material may be inserted through the casing. In an alternative process carried out in accordance with the invention, a bore is drilled with a special drill rod and a sacrificial drill bit.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of continuous flight auger piling and a continuous flight auger rig (1), wherein an auger (2) is applied to the ground so as to undergo a first, penetration phase and a second, withdrawal phase, and wherein the rotational speed of and/or the rate of penetration of and/or the torque applied to the auger (2) during the first, penetration phase are determined and controlled as a function of the ground conditions and the auger geometry by means of an electronic computer (8) so as to tend to keep the auger flights loaded (11) with soil originating from the region of the tip of the auger (2).

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for producing subterranean walls comprised of granular material. The apparatus comprises a beam for making insertions into and extractions out of the ground. The beam includes a top portion, an open bottom portion, and a hollow interior portion therebetween which receives a supply of granular material. In usage, the beam is inserted into the ground to form a void therein. The apparatus also includes a disposable shoe which is removably attached to the open bottom portion of the beam. In usage, the shoe prevents earthen material from entering the hollow interior portion of the beam as the beam is inserted into the ground. The apparatus further includes an actuating mechanism which detaches the shoe from the open bottom portion of the beam after the beam has been inserted into the ground so that granular material is released into the void as the beam is extracted therefrom.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grout injection device and method for depositing a liquid grouting material in a hole formed by a cone penetrometer. The device is a modular design with a sliding sleeve member that replaces older grouting injection devices with exit port opening actuated by fluidic pressures with an improved more reliable mechanical design that is actuated by withdrawal of the cone penetrometer pipe string by friction between the sliding sleeve and the soil wall formed by the cone penetrometer. The invention solves the problem of pressure losses that can occur with prior art devices resulting in partially opened grout exit ports. The instant invention's design also achieves proper channeling of the grout flowing out of the device's grout exit ports for even distribution of grout filling the hole. This is achieved by the invention's boss structures mounted on an adapter unit of the device.

Abstract: An apparatus for building a horizontal underground barrier by cutting through soil and depositing a slurry, preferably on which cures into a hardened material. The apparatus includes a digging means for cutting and removing soil to create a void under the surface of the ground and injection means for inserting barrier-forming material into the void. In one embodiment, the digging means is a continuous cutting chain. Mounted on the continuous cutting chain are cutter teeth for cutting through soil and discharge paddles for removing the loosened soil. This invention includes a barrier placement machine, a method for building an underground horizontal containment barrier using the barrier placement machine, and the underground containment system. Preferably the underground containment barrier goes underneath and around the site to be contained in a bathtub-type containment.

Abstract: An apparatus for building a horizontal underground barrier by cutting through soil and depositing a slurry, preferably one which cures into a hardened material. The apparatus includes a digging means for cutting and removing soil to create a void under the surface of the ground, a shield means for maintaining the void, and injection means for inserting barrier-forming material into the void. In one embodiment, the digging means is a continuous cutting chain. Mounted on the continuous cutting chain are cutter teeth for cutting through soil and discharge paddles for removing the loosened soil. This invention includes a barrier placement machine, a method for building an underground horizontal containment barrier using the barrier placement machine, and the underground containment system. Preferably the underground containment barrier goes underneath and around the site to be contained in a bathtub-type containment.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in compacting or densifying soils includes a tubular casing having a vertical longitudinal axis and an inside surface; a hollow tubular drive shaft aligned with the vertical longitudinal axis of the tubular casing and mounted for rotation therein; a drive motor for rotating the drive shaft; a carrier attached to the drive shaft for rotation therewith; and a cylindrical roller weight in rolling contact with the inside surface of the tubular casing. The carrier engages the roller weight for rotation about the vertical longitudinal axis of the tubular casing. The centrifugal force resulting from rotation of the roller weight is resisted by the tubular casing thereby causing vibration thereof.

Abstract: A method for forming a foundation pile in the ground utilizing a prefabricated pile shaft, placed with clearance into a tube screwed into the bearing ground layer, which tube is provided with a screw blade. Between the wall of the tube and the pile shaft a self-hardening mass is provided. The tube can be removed from the ground in the unscrewing direction while operating as a screw conveyor. The tube may also be retracted from the ground, initially without rotation, with a thick skin of self-hardening mass being formed around the pile shaft, which mass is subsequently pressurized by causing the tube to function as a screw conveyor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus (10) for forming improved seals in boreholes (101) formed in host rock (100) by using the apparatus (10) to introduce a feedstock (60) into the borehole (101) and simultaneously subject the introduced feedstock to both compressive and shear stresses until the borehole becomes filled and sealed.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring grout pressure in an auger assembly during construction of an auger pressure grouted piling includes a pressure sensing element positioned within the lower end of a hollow auger for sensing the pressure exerted on the pressure sensing element by grout supplied through the auger during installation of the piling. A pressure indicator is provided for displaying the pressure sensed at the element, and a transmission line connects the element and indicator for transmitting the pressure sensed at the element to the indicator.

Abstract: There is dug in the ground (2) by means of a digging tool, a hole in which is sunk at the same time and progressively a hollow prefabricated casing element (5) of corresponding shape. When the hole has the depth necessary to receive completely the hollow casing element (5), the digging tool is retreated, leaving in place the hollow casing element (5). Anchoring elements for the post (11) are introduced within the hollow casing element (5), as well as prefabricated leveling elements (14); and there is injected into the bottom of the hole a fluent material (18) capable of hardening to anchor within the ground (2) the prefabricated leveling elements (14) and the anchoring elements for the post (11). The post can thereafter be inserted, or the post can be inserted before the leveling elements and hardenable material are emplaced.

Abstract: A modified ground, which is utilized for an underground water cut-off wall, landslide protection wall, a foundation pile or the like, is formed in an earthen foundation with the use of an excavator having at least one rotary shaft. The rotary shaft includes a bit provided on a bottom end thereof, and at least one pair of upper and lower nozzles for jetting a consolidating fluid. The upper nozzle is capable of jetting the consolidating fluid in a downwardly diagonal direction so as to generate a joined jet of the consolidating fluid in a downwardly diagonal direction by collision of the consolidating fluid jetted from the upper and lower nozzles.

Abstract: An apparatus for constructing subterranean structures, soil-chemicals mixture or soil-agents mixture by using a multi-shaft auger machine to mix soil with a chemical hardener in situ in a borehole. As the auger shafts of the multi-shaft auger machine penetrate the soil, a plurality of lateral support structures shear soil and provide additional lateral support. The plurality of lateral support structures are spaced vertically by a length no greater than thirty feet. Additionally, soil fragmentation members attached to the lateral support structures fragment soil reconsolidations to aid in mixing of soil. The soil fragmentation members have a length no greater than the difference between the radius of at least one auger blade and the radius of the shaft and no less than one-third the difference between the radius of at least one auger blade and the radius of the shaft.

Abstract: All-around type ground reinforcing and consolidating method comprises an excavating step for forming an excavated space in a predetermined area in the ground by using a dual excavating rod composed of an outer excavating member and an inner excavating member which is movably arranged in the outer excavating member; a retracting step for retracting the inner excavating member from the outer excavating member, whereby the outer excavating member is remained in the excavated space; a check step for checking the excavated space by inserting a light member containing a battery into the excavated space; an inserting-step for inserting an injection rod into the outer excavating member; a pressure adjusting step for adjusting the pressure in the excavated space; and an injecting step for injecting a hardening material into the excavated space with retracting the outer excavating member and the injection rod, whereby the predetermined area can be consolidated.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the constructing of subterranean soil-cement structures in situ. The methods utilize techniques designed to prolong the period of time in which an auger machine can operate in a bore hole without encountering difficulty due to the hardening of the soil-cement mixture. The techniques utilized include a preparatory drilling phase during which a lubricating slurry may be injected. This preparatory drilling serves to break up the soil and particularly if a lubricating slurry is used, reduce friction so that final drilling may progress more quickly. After preparatory drilling, final drilling takes place. Final drilling is divided into a downward and an upward phase. Either hardening or non-hardening slurry may be introduced and consolidated with the soil during the downward phase, but only hardening slurry is typically utilized during the upward phase of final drilling.

Abstract: A novel method to construct a reinforcing block in an embankment is provided, wherein a core rod to which a protrusion is molded on the tip, is preset inside a hollow rotating shaft with drilling and agitating blades affixed around its circumference, but with the protrusion on the core rod exposed at the front of the shaft. This drilling and agitating shaft rotates and bores into the earth while simultaneously mixing the soil so agitated with a fixing agent; then at a specified depth, the rotating shaft is withdrawn leaving the core rod to remain anchored in the soil while the fixing agent continues to discharge from the end of the hollow rod; and when the hollow rod is completely removed, a reinforcing block is intact within the soil and the tail end of the core rod exposed on the surface of the banking is directly or indirectly affixed to this surface.

Abstract: A jig for constructing piles of concrete or similar hardenable grout material in the ground, with two, three or four parallel vibrated pipes, which are bound together by a common displacement casing and together therewith form a total cross section with closed geometric form. At the lower end, the displacement casing has sliding faces that converge obliquely downward.

Abstract: For constructing a pillar in an earthen foundation, a consolidating fluid is sprayed inside the earthen foundation from consolidating fluid spray nozzles provided on a rotating shaft, and then the consolidating fluid and the soil of the original foundation are stirred and mixed. The consolidating fluid spray nozzles which spray the consolidating fluid approximately horizontally are provided on the rotating shaft. The pillar is formed in the earthen foundation by stirring and mixing together the consolidating fluid and the soil of the original foundation in such a way that the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is faster for clayish soil than for sandy soil, the pressure from the consolidating fluid spray nozzles is higher for clayish soil than for sandy soil, and the penetration speed of the rotating shaft is slower for clayish soil than for sandy soil.

Abstract: Compacted granular or stone columns are constructed in soil to increase the load-bearing capacities of the native soil. An elongated hollow tubular member is penetrated down into the soil to a predetermined depth and then the granular material or stone for constructing the column is fed down through this member and out the lower end thereof where it is then driven outwardly in a radial direction by an impeller which is exposed, at least in part, at the lower end of the tubular member, as the hollow tubular member is either penetrating or being withdrawn from the soil at a predetermined rate to thereby forceably compact this granular or stone material in a substantially radial direction to construct a stone column. Sufficient forces may be applied by the impeller to the granular or stone material to fracture the surrounding soil.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for placing cementitious material into an excavation using a mobile unit having an extendable flexible hose mounted on a power driven hose reel. Cementitious material is pumped through the hose and out the hose end into an excavation as the flexible hose is reeled out of the excavation. A weight at the end of the hose keeps the end of the hose from jetting itself about during the pumping operations. An extendable hose boom positions the end of hose over an excavation and directs the hose into the excavation and out during pumping.

Abstract: A method apparatus, and product of forming consolidated earth columns of cement grout or mortar to be used, for instance, in building foundations. The method is designed to drastically reduce the time taken to form consolidation columns and to allow consolidation of earth particularly difficult to bore. The method consists of injecting the consolidating grout during the ascent of the drilling tool from the earth supplying air, at the same time, to the pneumatic percussion tool used to make the preliminary drilling.The plant to put the method into effect comprises a rotating joint manifold (6) at the upper end of the boring drill (11), equipped with tangentially arranged inlets, even inclined; an air manifold (15) to supply compressed air to the pneumatic percussion tool through the external annular chamber (28) of said boring drill (11); a grout distributor (36) equipped with ejection nozzles (38) the axes of which are inclined with respect to the axis of the drill.

Abstract: A drilling assembly (210) for in-situ cast piles has a drill stem (211) with a helical flyte (212). A drilling head (224), with teeth (225), and a belling tool (226), with retractable cutting tools (227) are mounted on, in driving engagement with, the non-circular shank (218) of a soil stabilization spear (214). The spear (214) drills a pilot hole in advance of the drilling head (224) and grout pumped down through the tubular body (215) of the spear (214) fills the cracks and fissures in the surrounding soil to stabilize the soil as the drilling assembly (210) is advanced. When the desired depth is reached, the rotation of the drilling assembly (210) is reversed and cutting tools (227) are extended to cut a "bell" or annular chamber around the hole. As the drill assembly (210) is withdrawn from the hole, grout pumped down the interior (230) of the stem (211) fills the hole to cast a pile in-situ, the increased diameter of the bottom of the pile, and the stabilized soil around it, increasing its load strength.

Abstract: A method of forming a pile comprises driving a pile forming member (12, 40, 140) into the ground to a predetermined depth to form a passage of non-circular cross-section, preferably a circular cross-section (42) with fins (56) radiating therefrom, and while withdrawing the member (12, 40, 140) from the passage filling the passage with cementitious material so that then this material sets a pile if formed in the passage.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for grouting holes in the ground to prevent a contaminated zone within the ground from contaminating other zones in the ground. In particular, the grouting apparatus is adapted to follow the hole previously formed in the ground and not detour therefrom forming a separate hole which will be grouted in lieu of the previously formed hole. When the grouting apparatus reaches the bottom of the hole, grouting material is expelled from the lower end thereof. The apparatus is thereafter withdrawn as the grouting material fills the vacated hole. The apparatus comprises a plurality of tubular segments connected together to form a pipestring. At the bottom end of the string, there is attached a tip assembly. The tip assembly comprises an outer tubular sleeve and an internal telescoping tubular sleeve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improving the ground of a large area. The method comprises the steps of inserting a pipe into a hole previously dug in the ground, injecting a high pressure liquid and a ground improving injection liquid from an injecting apparatus attached to the tip of the pipe, drawing up the pipe, grouting the ground, and injecting the ground improving injection liquid to thereby form an underground columnar consolidation body for improving the ground. The drawing-up operation of the pipe is executed while applying vertical vibration to the pipe. Thus, a consolidation body of a large area for improvement of the ground is obtained without concave and convex portions.

Abstract: A tubular footing form of the recoverable type for building concrete foundation piles comprises an end shutting organ destined to prevent water from the water bed from entering the footing form while the latter is being plunged into the ground and to enable the concrete casting to be performed during the step of recovery of the same footing form. The end shutting organ is installed inside the tubular footing form at a certain distance from its free end so as to create a seal chamber which, during the step of plunging of the footing form, gets filled with compacted earth, which forms a plug which tightly seals the shutting organ against the entering of water from the water bed.

Abstract: Method for producing a narrow or slit wall (42) in soil (22) by means of a driver (10) with at least two and preferably three vibrating tubes (I, II, III) and guide blades (28, 30, 32) between the vibrating tubes. Following penetration of the driver into the soil, during the withdrawal process of the latter, injection material (40, 44) is loaded into the drilled cavities. During the next work step, the driver is lowered into the soil so that the rearmost vibrating tube (I) is lowered into the still-soft injection material (40) which was added during the previous withdrawal of the foremost vibrating tube (III). By monitoring the power draw of the vibrating motor on the rearmost vibrating tube (I) and regulating this power draw to keep it to a minimum value, removal of the rearmost vibrating tube from the still-soft injection material (40) is prevented. As a result the seal between the successive sections of narrow wall (42) is ensured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for improving the ground of a large area. The method comprises the steps of inserting a pipe into a hole previously dug in the ground, injecting a high pressure liquid and a ground improving injection liquid from an injecting apparatus attached to the tip of the pipe, drawing up the pipe, grouting the ground, and injecting the ground improving injection liquid to thereby form an underground columnar consolidation body for improving the ground. The drawing-up operation of the pipe is executed while applying vertical vibration to the pipe. Thus, a consolidation body of a large area for improvement of the ground is obtained without concave and convex portions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for placing cementitious material into an excavation using a mobile unit having an extendable flexible hose mounted on a power driven hose reel. Cementitious material is pumped through the hose and out the hose end into an excavation as the flexible hose is reeled out of the excavation. A weight at the end of the hose keeps the end of the hose from jetting itself about during the pumping operations. An extendable hose boom positions the end of hose over an excavation and directs the hose into the excavation and out during pumping.

Abstract: One or more rotating augers with drilling heads are aligned within a rectilinear casing with a rectilinear cutting head defining one of a plurality of adjacent vertical slots that may be excavated to within about one inch of an adjacent structure or property without encroaching. When a slot is completed it is filled with either a precast or poured-in-place wall element, a plurality of adjacent elements being joined at the edges to form a solid wall without need for forms and shoring or underpinning of the adjacent property or structure.

Abstract: An excavation rod of a ground improvement apparatus is provided with an excavation blade and plural steps of agitation blades above the excavation blade. A corotation prevention blade which does not rotate during the excavation vertically and rotationally, is provided between the excavation blade and the agitation blade and plurality of downwardly projecting fingers are secured to the corotating prevention blade.

Abstract: A device for forming cast-in-situ piles in civil engineering work includes an auger which consists of a conventional lower part and an upper part comprising a hollow inner element and a removable outer element in the form of an auger having a longitudinal discontinuity which enables it to be fitted over the hollow inner element. The hollow inner element may extend, fixedly, as an elongation of the lower part of the auger or be mounted telescopically in the latter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a slurry trench or wall in the soil, comprising driving a beam section into the ground by pile driving, and simultaneously and entirely filling up the trench formed by soil displacement with a supporting fluid. The beam sectional is subsequently pulled out of the soil with a vibrating movement, which is obtained by delivering blows to the beam at a suitable frequency. During this extraction movement, sufficient supporting fluid is supplied for filling up the volume occupied by the beam. The soil displacement portion at the under-side of the beam, in cross section, has a box section with apertured side walls. The box section is shut off at the under-side by a permanent pile shoe or by hinged flaps, so that during extraction of the beam out of the soil, the interior of the box section communicates with the trench formed underneath the flaps or the pile shoe, said trench being thereby filled with supporting fluid.

Abstract: Hazardous wastes are identified and treated in situ by forming a downwardly extending zone of particles in the waste. Toxic components in the waste are identified by injection of a pressurized fluid into the zone and capturing a sample of gases rising to the surface of the waste. At least one treatment agent is injected into the zone as appropriate until sampling indicates the particles of waste have been treated to a desired degree.

Abstract: A soil displacement tool, or mole, comprises a hollow cylindrical body in which is provided an hydraulically reciprocal piston the movement of which drives the tool through the soil to form a hole, the body and piston being annular such that the tool is hollow.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing a support element in the ground are described, a hole being sunk through non-stable ground at least down to the load bearing soil. As a result of a wedge-shaped construction of the drill bit the loosened soil is displaced into the adjacent region of the hole and consequently the area round the hole is compacted. The drill has a circular cylindrical core, which is provided with an outlet opening in the vicinity of the drill bit. Preferably tampable material is filled through the core tube, accompanied by the retraction of the drill. The material is simultaneously tamped with the aid of the drill. The invention has the particular advantage that, in cost effective manner, it is possible to use tampable material from the area immediately surrounding the building site and there is no need for expensive, classified filling material. Tubing of the hole is unnecessary through the use of the core tube.

Abstract: An apparatus (U) is shown in FIGS. 11-13 that includes a power operated vehicle (V) that supports a vertically movable frame (W) that has a confined space defining shroud (X) on the lower end thereof that may be placed in sealing contact with the upper surface of a hazardous waste impoundment (Y) at a first station to permit the insitu detoxification of a desired portion of the impoundment. At least one power driven blade (Z) is rotated downwardly from within the shroud (X) into the impoundment to form a vertically extending zone (A-1) of particled material that is treated with a detoxifying agent that may be chemical, biological or heat from one or more plasma torches. Gases emitted during the formation of the particled zone (A-1) are subjected to scrub action by a liquid within shroud (X) and the liquid returned to zone (A-1). After the detoxification of a zone has been completed the apparatus (U) is moved to a succession of overlapping second stations where the above described method is repeated.

Abstract: Apparatus for forming a stone column in the ground is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a pair of concentric tubes (2,3) the inner one (2) of which is open at both ends, and at or near its lower end may be connected to the outer tube (3) by an outwardly extending wall portion (4). A driving plate (14) is attached at or close to the upper end of one of said inner and outer tubes, so as to extend around said one tube, so that the apparatus may be driven into or against the ground. In a preferred embodiment, the lower portion of the inner tube (2), the outwardly extending wall portion (4) and the lower portion of the outer tube (3) together define a cavity comprising an upper, relatively narrow portion (7) and a lower, relatively wide portion (9). A method of forming a stone column using the apparatus is also disclosed. After driving the apparatus into the ground, it is withdrawn in stages, after each of which a compacting force is applied in order to consolidate the stone column.

Abstract: A method for use when installing piles, in which a pipe (2) or the like is inserted into the ground (1) and a flowing and solidifiable substance (3) is introduced into the ground through the pipe, in order, when solidified, to support a pile, and in which method the solidified substance is subjected to pressure in order to cause the substance to penetrate into the surrounding earth and/or to displace the earth, so as to provide an anchorage for the pile.

Abstract: A method of feeding cement into a drill hole for cement bolting of a rock, according to which a feeder pipe (2) is pushed into the hole essentially to the bottom of the hole portion to be filled with cement, cement is fed into the hole beginning from the bottom of the hole portion, and the pipe is displaced outwards in the hole when the cement fills the hole. The feeding of cement is stopped and the pipe is removed when the amount of cement is sufficient to fill the gap between the wall of the hole and the rock bolt to be pushed into the hole. The displacement of the pipe is controlled by means of the filling pressure (TP) caused by the cement fed between the pipe tip and the bottom of the hole portion to ensure that the hole is reliably filled despite possible cracks and crushed zones.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of a concrete pillar, cast on site, in difficult grounds, not allowing the use of traditional equipment.A rotating column equipped with nozzles at its lower end and having a reduced diameter as compared with the pillar to be built, sends, as it penetrates the ground, a powerful pressurized fluid jet; in this way a wide cavity is formed, which is filled during the same excavation with selected aggregates; finally a binding mixture is injected as the excavating tool is extracted.

Abstract: A precast concrete pile which includes a tapered end with alternating enlarged cross-sections and contracted cross-sections through its length. The concrete pile is driven into the ground together with a soil solidifying supply pipe and a cement slurry supply pipe. The pile footing in the ground is formed with concrete formations around the contracted sections, thereby increasing the bearing capacity of the pile footing.

Abstract: The device comprises:a beating cap (1) provided with a conduit (2) for introduction of the concrete under pressure;a pipe form (3) to be sunk and pulled out gradually as the concrete is introduced, the pipe form having a fastening (4) connected to a pressure gauge (4') for reading of the pressures acting on the concrete;a chuck (5) located between the pipe form (3) and having a conduit for passage of the concrete (2) under pressure and a cylindrical sheath (6) for reducing volume;two expandable tubular rings (7,7') to make a seal for the air under pressure in the air chamber (8) between the pipe form (3) and the chuck (5) to achieve locking between the chuck (5), the pipe form (3) and the beating cap (1);a one-time bottom (9) to prevent penetration of dirt in the pipe form during sinking;The raising of the pipe form (3) gradually as the concrete is introduced being facilitated by the pressure that is exerted in air chamber (8) by the effect of the introduction of the concrete.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and an apparatus of constructing a water tight underground pile wall in the form of a row of piles in which previous piles are installed every other pile and thereafter subsequent piles are installed between said previously formed piles, both of said piles being connected together.

Abstract: The apparatus includes two tools for forming holes in the subsoil without excavating it, which tools being coaxially mounted on a drill column. To the end of the drill column there is attached a hollow tool which is concealed when a skirt is in a lower position and exposed when the skirt is in an upper position. A soil displacing body is mounted on the drill column and above the tool. The soil displacing body is a hollow structure and has an upper opening wherethrough its inner space communicates with a concrete feeding tube and a lower opening closable by the skirt in its upper position. To construct a tubular pile the apparatus is driven into the subsoil whereby a design hole is formed, then the apparatus is withdrawn from the hole with a simultaneous filling of the hole with a concrete mix through the concrete feeding tube, the soil displacing body, and the lower opening provided therein.