Abstract: A multilayer integral geogrid, including one or more cellular layers, has a plurality of oriented multilayer strands interconnected by partially oriented multilayer junctions with an array of openings therein. The multilayer integral geogrid having one or more cellular layers is produced from a coextruded or laminated multilayer polymer starting sheet. The integral geogrid has a multilayer construction, with at least one outer layer thereof having the cellular structure. By virtue of the cellular layer structure, the multilayer integral geogrid provides for increased layer vertical compressibility under load, resulting in enhanced material properties that provide performance benefits to use of the multilayer integral geogrid to stabilize and strengthen soil, aggregates, or other particulate materials.

Abstract: Methods for installing soil and sand stabilization columns using a chemical polymer are provided. The chemical polymer can be a liquid acrylic base chemical polymer or a liquid vinyl acetate base chemical polymer. In the methods, a dilution rate of a chemical polymer is determined based on at least one of: a moisture content of the soil at a selected soil location, a particle size distribution of the soil at the selected soil location, a shear strength of the soil at the selected soil location, a target strength of the soil stabilization column, and a target stiffness of the soil stabilization column. The chemical polymer is then diluted based on the determined dilution rate. The diluted chemical polymer is inserted into a selected soil location and mixed with in-situ soil or with sand to form a stabilization column.

Abstract: An article for use in damming or channeling surface water flow is comprised of a non-woven polymer fabric sleeve which is encased in a sheath made of polymeric mesh. The sleeve contains a water absorbent material. When water passes through the sheath and sleeve, the absorbent swells up, to change the barrier from a flattened article to a bulky shape article. Preferably, the sleeve is black or brown and the sheath is a mesh comprised of highly visible bright orange fibers; the sheath has a regular pattern of openings nominally equivalent in area to 4 to 5 mm diameter holes; and the sheath has about 25 to about 60 percent open area.

Abstract: A soil stabilization method of forming an admixture of at least one hydrogel precursor and urease enzyme, and contacting at least a portion of the admixture with soil, and forming a hydrogel network in-situ within at least a portion of the soil, wherein at least a portion of the hydrogel network includes in-situ precipitated calcium carbonate. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the hydrogel network is formed in-situ by polymerizing the at least one hydrogel precursor in the presence of the urease enzyme.

Abstract: A cementitious composite for in-situ hydration includes a structure layer having a first side and an opposing second side, a cementitious material disposed within the structure layer, a sealing layer disposed along and coupled to the first side of the structure layer, and a containment layer disposed along the opposing second side of the structure layer. The structure layer has an intersection at the sealing layer and the containment layer that is at least partially fiberless. The cementitious material includes a plurality of cementitious particles. The containment layer is configured to prevent the plurality of cementitious particles from migrating out of the structure layer.

Abstract: A rapid deployment integrated erosion prevention and soil stabilization system that eliminates the need to disturb the soil by digging, tilling, trenching, or soil void formation, said system that includes an irrigation bladder with a plurality of water outlets; an elongate mulch wattle spaced slightly apart from said bladder and disposed in a generally parallel side-by-side relationship in relation to said bladder; and a generally linear array of deep rooting plant strips disposed between said bladder and said wattle; wherein said irrigation bladder, said mulch wattle and said grass strips are physically combined to form a deployment module.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides an engineered roughness element. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides an array of engineered roughness elements. The engineered roughness elements are configured to reduce sand movement and accompanying dust generation.

Abstract: An erosion control sediment barrier is disclosed. Specifically, erosion control sediment barriers are provided comprised of a filter component shaped to fit over a pipeline in a trench that is tacked or held in place through the use of an adhesive foam, such as urethane foam. the pr having a filter component for use as trench breakers.

Abstract: An open mat system to reinforce turf includes an anchor arrangement to help secure the mat to the turf. The anchor arrangement includes an anchor head embedded in the earth, a cable connected to the anchor head, a cable connector device, and a brace. The cable is inserted into the connector device, which holds the cable against withdrawal from the connector device. The brace includes a receiver, in which the cable connector device is removably oriented in the receiver.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composite bag for use in earth bag construction systems such as backfill pack systems in underground mines and a construction system using such bags. The composite bags each comprises a pair of long, narrow inner bags of woven polypropylene located longitudinally within and constrained along their length by an outer bag of woven polypropylene. In use, the composite bags are laid flat on top of one another on a working surface (for instance the footwall in an underground mine). The bags could be glued or otherwise attached to one another in this configuration. Tie elements, such as timber elongates, are threaded through aligned slits spaced apart along the length of the bags. The elongates are set against the hanging wall and a backfill slurry is pumped into the inner bags. As each inflating composite bag expands, the slurry water weeps from the bags which rise up the timber elongates during the pumping process.

Abstract: Described herein is a protected container employed to prevent soil erosion. The protected container is a geotextile container having a debris shield disposed thereon. The debris shield protects the integrity of the geotextile container by providing a strike barrier which has air and water flow capabilities. The debris shield is a composite fabric comprising a woven protective layer having abrasion resistance and a woven three-dimensional layer which provides impact dampening and energy dissipation.

Abstract: A method for reinforcing an ecological greening fabric, including steps of: forming a trench (2) in an area to be afforested; laying a first ecological fabric (3) on the surface (1) of the area and in the trench (2); refilling a first soil layer (4) in the trench (2) to press the first ecological fabric (3); and fastening a second ecological fabric (5) on the first soil layer (4) to hold the first soil layer (4) by the second ecological fabric (5), so that the first and second ecological fabrics (4) and (5) in the trench (2) and the trench (2) jointly form a bag structure for fixing the first soil layer (4). A structure for reinforcing an ecological greening fabric is also disclosed.

Abstract: A golf course sand bunker comprising a soil layer, a base layer of playing sand covering at least 40% of the exposed area of the soil layer, a liquid-applied MDI urethane having a pre-cured viscosity within a selected range, a top layer of playing sand, and wherein the base layer of playing sand is adhered to the soil layer with the MDI urethane composition.

Abstract: A synthetic ground cover method includes placing a synthetic grass atop the ground, the synthetic grass including a composite of one or more geo-textiles tufted with synthetic yarns. The synthetic ground cover method also includes applying an infill ballast to the synthetic grass by spreading the infill ballast over and onto the synthetic grass from a moving vehicle. The infill ballast can be sand, soil, or a binding infill (such as cementitious materials).

Abstract: A device that includes an insertion member, a shank, and a body having a through-hole and a post. The device can be part of a cellular confinement system. A method of transferring load from an expanded cellular confinement structure to a flexible tendon includes inserting an insertion member of a device through an open slot in the structure, inserting a tendon through a through-hole in the body of the device, and wrapping the tendon around a post of the body. A kit includes a first unitary section of cells, at least one device, and at least one tendon for securing the device and the section to allow transfer of load from the web to the tendon.

Abstract: An elongated web of flexible material having a covering of excelsior across a portion thereof has an elongated edge portion uncovered. The elongated covered portion is folded over upon itself a number of times, and the elongated uncovered side portion (a tail) are wound upon a roll for utilization after unrolling, as a sediment barrier, properly staked into the ground.

Abstract: At least one exemplary device includes a tubular mesh enclosure formed from a mesh material having a nominal opening size of less than 0.5 inches, a ratio of a length of the mesh enclosure to a diameter of the mesh enclosure greater than 40, having an opposing pair of ends, at least one of the ends sealed, the enclosure surrounding a filling.

Abstract: A bag constructed of a weed suppression material for packaging a ground cover material. When the bag is in a closed configuration, the bag serves as a container for shipping, handling, and storage of the ground cover material. When the bag is opened and unfolded, and the ground cover material within the bag is spread over the opened and unfolded bag, the bag serves as a layer of weed suppression material on top of underlying soil and beneath the ground cover. In addition, the bag may be used for planting individual plants in a planting bed, for establishing a buffer zone around the foundation of a building, or for controlling erosion around a downspout of a building.

Abstract: An embankment system comprises a source of pressurized sand/concrete slurry and a delivery conduit in fluid communication with the pressurized sand/concrete slurry source. The embankment system further comprises an elongate nozzle having an inlet and an outlet, with the inlet operatively associated with a distal end of the delivery conduit. A tube formed of a sheet material having an open end and a closed end is operatively associated with the nozzle outlet to receive the pressurized sand/concrete slurry through the open end, such that the tube is continuously filled with the pressurized sand/concrete slurry between the closed end and the open end.

Abstract: A flexible water-permeable geotextile tube having flat ends when filled with fill material. The tube has separate end panels that are attached to a tube body at the tube body's opposing ends. In one embodiment of this invention, the separate end panels are configured to have the same shape as that of a cross-section of the tube body when the tube body is filled and installed. The cross section of the tube body may be determined before installation by determining the relationship between the height, circumference, the fill material, and the surrounding environment into which the tube is planned to be installed.

Abstract: Tie fastening devices, systems apparatus, and methods of fastening and staking concrete cloth, and landscape and erosion control stabilizer sheets and timbers in place with a drill adapted fastener. The fasteners can elongated with anvil top ends that can be mounted to a drill chuck and lower cutting heads with arrow shaped blades that can raised burr edges for driving into ground surfaces.

Abstract: A reinforced silt retention material with a variable sieve capability is provided for use in soil erosion control applications. The reinforced silt retention material includes a sheet of water permeable filtering material having varying apparent opening sizes at a series of filtering zones defined along the sheet, which allows varying amounts of runoff water to pass through the sheet but resists the passage of silt and debris therethrough. The silt retention material further includes one or more reinforcing elements that provide additional support to the sheet to protect against tearing and/or undue movement of the sheet, as well as provide attachment points for fasteners used to fasten the sheet to support members for proper positioning during erosion control applications.

Abstract: This invention contains many methods that will change the earth into another earth and will be protect the areas threatened by the desertification and bareness. 1. Anti-desertification is an important issue and desertification is a catastrophe in many countries especially in the Arab countries. Lands should be fertilized. 2. Human stabilization is an obligation. 3. Desert areas could and should be transformed into water reservoirs 4. The invention allows for thousands of jobs and will counter exodus. 5. Crops will be guaranteed, including in draught years. Biological products can be obtained and exported. 6. Energy generation will find new resources in the invention. 7. The invention development will allow for the cancel or at least lightening of the costly desalination stations. In this case it's possible now, to struggle against desertification and the shortage of waters.

Abstract: Erosion control apparatuses are provided for equipment pads. In one embodiment, a silt fence that acts as a soil erosion barrier is provided for attachment to an equipment pad. In another embodiment, a percolating fabric layer is provided that causes water to seep and spread slowly or gradually in an unsteady pattern, minimizing erosion. In another embodiment, a multi-layer fabric assembly is provided that has a first, ground-penetrating fabric layer joined to a second, ground-overlaying fabric layer. In another embodiment, corner and side wall pieces that interlock to form a continuous soil erosion barrier are provided for an equipment pad. An installation tool is also provided to aid installation of the erosion control apparatuses.

Abstract: Method for forming a ground-covering layer (1), comprising the steps of providing a sheet (2); forming a number of substantially parallel folds (3) in the sheet; and urging toward each other and connecting to each other adjacent folds at different locationsm wherein the connections of each fold to an adjacent fold on the one side are offset relative to the connections to an adjacent fold on the other side. Ground-covering layer (1), comprising a sheet (2) with a number of substantially parallel folds (3), which folds are connected at different locations to adjacent folds, wherein the connections of each fold to an adjacent fold on the one side are offset relative to the connections to an adjacent fold on the other side.

Abstract: In one aspect there is provided a construct, mound, layer or brick which offers utility as an erosion control medium formed primarily from a blend of biomass, cementitious binder and water. In another aspect there is provided a construct, mound, layer or brick, which offers utility as a construction medium. Also provided are processes by which an aggregate of woody biomass (a blend of chips, particles and pieces), and a cementitious binder slurry can be applied by manual methods or spray applied by mechanical means. Upon drying the biomass construct conforms and binds to a ground surface providing a hard porous medium capable of adhering to a large variety of ground surfaces and to terrain of varied slope, pitch and constitution.

Abstract: A method for applying a water soluble soil stabilizer to soil wherein the soil stabilizer is added to a solid carrier.

Abstract: A method for constructing a mechanically stabilized earthen embankment has the steps of constructing a wall facing element, and determining a plane of maximum force and a zone of maximum force in the earthen embankment to be formed. A plurality of elongate soil reinforcement elements are bent to form semi-extensible bent segments, but such that proximal and distal portions remain substantially straight and inextensible. The elongate soil reinforcement elements are positioned such that the semi-extensible region is within the zone of maximum force, and the proximal ends are connected to the wall facing element. Fill soil is added to build the earthen embankment, and the process is repeated until the earthen embankment is formed.

Abstract: An open mat system to reinforce turf includes an anchor arrangement to help secure the mat to the turf. The anchor arrangement includes an anchor head embedded in the earth, a cable connected to the anchor head, a cable connector device, and a brace. The cable is inserted into the connector device, which holds the cable against withdrawal from the connector device. The brace includes a receiver, in which the cable connector device is removably oriented in the receiver.

Abstract: An erosion control ballast and soil confinement mat for use in water flow conditions is provided. The mat is made of a non-buoyant, relatively heavy and substantially flexible material with a plurality of pores stamped or pre-cast therein that allow for the inflow of water, the establishment of vegetation growth through the mat, and the in-filling of the pores with supplemental ballast materials such as gravel or soil. The bottom side of the mat has protrusions that extend into the underlying surface to prevent horizontal shifting and confine soil materials and/or another erosion control mat such as an erosion control blanket or turf reinforcement mat, while also preventing migration of the mat itself under high shear force water flow. The top surface of the mat may be provided with flaps that cover the pore openings during periods of strong water flow to prevent excessive water flow from entering the pores and eroding the underlying soil.

Abstract: A large scale geotextile tube includes a plurality of shelves that extend across the width of the geotextile tube with each shelf formed of a web of geogrid material or geocell material. As one moves from the bottom of the geotextile tube to the top of the geotextile tube, the width of each shelf decreases. The geotextile tube can be surrounded by an envelope formed of geogrid material.

Abstract: The invention relates to reinforced structures in the ground, including an embankment, a facing (4) placed along the front surface of the structure, an anchoring element (6) including a projecting element (8), which projects relative to an inner surface of the structure and an attachment element (10), and a stabilisation element (12) including at least two longitudinal portions (14, 16) continuously connected together by an elbow portion (18), said elbow portion being delimited by a throat (20) forming, together with said elbow portion, an anchoring space suitable for receiving the attachment element of the anchoring element, the anchoring space and the attachment element being shaped so as to limit the movement of the stabilisation element in every direction substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stabilisation element (12).

Abstract: A bag constructed of a weed suppression material for packaging a ground cover material. When the bag is in a closed configuration, the bag serves as a container for shipping, handling, and storage of the ground cover material. When the bag is opened and unfolded, and the ground cover material within the bag is spread over the opened and unfolded bag, the bag serves as a layer of weed suppression material on top of underlying soil and beneath the ground cover. In addition, the bag may be used for planting individual plants in a planting bed, for establishing a buffer zone around the foundation of a building, or for controlling erosion around a downspout of a building.

Abstract: An erosion control barrier for installation in a drainage path in a service environment. The erosion control barrier includes a unitary permeable sheet which is bent along a longitudinal axis to provide an upslope side, a downslope side and a longitudinally extending apex. The permeable sheet is constructed of a degradable material so that the erosion control barrier has a design service life in the service environment and a design material life in the service environment. The design material life is longer than the design service life. The permeable sheet is designed to be sufficiently transversely stiff and resilient during the design service life to enable the erosion control barrier to be self-supporting. The permeable sheet is designed to substantially disintegrate within the design material life.

Abstract: A method for building and renovating golf course sand bunkers to improve infiltration of water through a drainage system reduces the chance of contamination of the sand and to reduce erosion and maintenance and provide consistent playable sand for golf. The bunker is built to slopes based on the sand selected for use. A drainage system and a layer of fine pea gravel is installed over the entire floor of the bunker. A pre-polymer is sprayed onto the layer of pea gravel to secure it in place. The polymer sprayed bunker is permitted to cure for approximately 24 hours. A sufficient amount of bunker sand is added and compacted so the entire bunker is covered. Washed sod is placed around the bunker to stabilize the edge of the bunker.

Abstract: A concrete casting method uses a vacuum to remove air from the concrete material, and further involves pouring the cement material over three-dimensional interlocking inclusions before curing. The inclusions may be generally polyhedral structures formed by an annular or disc-shaped central structure that defines a parting plane for an injection mold, and various structures extending transversely to the central annular or disc-shaped structure to form the generally polyhedral shape. Alternatively, the inclusions may be formed by a hub and radial structures, from which extend circumferential structures that define the polyhedral shape. Other inclusion structures take the form of wires or tubes with multiple coils. The inclusions may be used in a variety of concrete structures, including earthquake or tornado proof housing structures, cylindrical supports structures, and armored structure including ships and submarines.

Abstract: A turf reinforcement mat comprises at least one polymer net layer; a non-woven mat comprising a plurality of multi-dimensional polymer fibers; and, a polymer yarn, stitching the net layer to the non-woven mat. A method for erosion control and revegetation facilitation comprises providing a turf reinforcement mat comprising at least one polymer net layer; a non-woven mat comprising a plurality of multi-dimensional polymer fibers; and, a polymer yarn, stitching the net layer to the non-woven mat; laying the turf reinforcement mat on a section of ground to be reinforced; securing the turf reinforcement mat to the ground; distributing soil and seed onto the turf reinforcement mat such that the section of ground is quickly revegetated and thereby protected from further erosion.

Abstract: A georeinforcing system, comprising a plurality of georeinforcement elements, each georeinforcement element formed from one or more basic connector pieces having one or more tire treads and one or more tire sidewalls fastened together in an alternating pattern with non-metallic screws. The plurality of georeinforcement elements are attached to a facing element and surrounded in particulate matter to support the facing element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for stabilizing and securing banks, hillsides and slopes, and structures present at least partly in moving waters, such as supporting and construction elements, by composite materials comprising mineral particles, preferably stones, in particular crushed rock, and an epoxy resin.

Abstract: A silt fence support base comprised of a porous casting made of stone, cement and water, and having a half-moon shape. Each casting may have one or more openings for the insertion of posts, which provide a frame for holding porous, filter material. Silt fence filtering material may be anchored under the bases.

Abstract: An elongated web of flexible material having a covering of excelsior across a portion thereof has an elongated edge portion uncovered. The elongated covered portion is folded over upon itself a number of times, and the elongated uncovered side portion (a tail) are wound upon a roll for utilization after unrolling, as a sediment barrier, properly staked into the ground.

Abstract: At least one exemplary system comprises a tubular mesh enclosure formed from a mesh material having a nominal opening size of less than 0.5 inches, said tubular mesh enclosure having an opposing pair of ends, at least one of said opposing pair of ends sealed; and a filling surrounded by said tubular mesh enclosure; said system defining a length and a generally non-circular longitudinal cross-section defining a major width, a ratio of said length to said major width greater than approximately 40. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure.

Abstract: A lightweight protection element and filter of the mattress type comprises an external containment structure (10, 20), a three-dimensional internal structure (30) with a high cavity index and a granular filler material which is inserted inside the containment structure. Engagement means (50, 52) of the mechanical type are distributed over the external containment structure in order to engage predetermined portions of those structure with each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing watercourse blocks continuously arranged in the construction spot, which continuously arranges the watercourse blocks according to the construction spot by preparing iron bar grates to be orthogonal to each other inside molding frames that are continuously arranged, casting concrete, preventing moisture evaporation and frost damage and employing iron bar grates so that the watercourse blocks continuously arranged according to the construction spot can be manufactured and constructed on the spot. Therefore, works for manufacturing the watercourse blocks in a plant and then assembling or fixing them in the construction spot according to the related art can be reduced as much as possible, the watercourse blocks can be simply manufactured and constructed on the spot to reduce a manufacturing cost and a construction time, which can thus significantly reduce the prime cost of the construction cost and diminish accident risk.

Abstract: A method for controlling dust on a saline lakebed is disclosed comprising several methods such as a Brine Membrane method, an Interim method and a Springtime Conservation method. A Master method for determining which of the three methods to use under certain circumstances is described. Prospective application of the methods is for dry lakebeds, such as the Owens Lakebed in Calif.

Abstract: The invention is a system and related method to reduce erosion caused by storm runoff. Eco-friendly erosion reduction assemblies help reduce the effects of both sheet and rill erosion. The assemblies comprise a receptacle housing a perforated water velocity reduction wall embedded in media. The wall may be constructed from recycled tires and the media utilized may be from on-site materials. A series of such assemblies in an erosion zone limits erosion by reducing water velocity.

Abstract: A method of remediation of an athletic field playing surface after a rainfall is disclosed. The method includes the steps of providing a quantity of water absorbing polyacrylate polymer such as potassium polyacrylate, spreading the water absorbing polyacrylate polymer over an area of athletic field playing surface where rainwater has fallen or collected, allowing time for the water absorbing polyacrylate polymer to absorb the rainwater and produce a gel from the combination of the rainwater with the water absorbing polyacrylate polymer, then removing the gel so produced from the athletic field playing surface. The gel or remnants of the gel so produced may also be raked into the dirt of the athletic field.

Abstract: An embankment system comprises a source of pressurized sand/concrete slurry and a delivery conduit in fluid communication with the pressurized sand/concrete slurry source. The embankment system further comprises an elongate nozzle having an inlet and an outlet, with the inlet operatively associated with a distal end of the delivery conduit. A tube formed of a sheet material having an open end and a closed end is operatively associated with the nozzle outlet to receive the pressurized sand/concrete slurry through the open end, such that the tube is continuously filled with the pressurized sand/concrete slurry between the closed end and the open end.

Abstract: A lightweight protection element and filter of the mattress type comprises an external containment structure (10, 20), a three-dimensional internal structure (30) with a high cavity index and a granular filler material which is inserted inside the containment structure. Engagement means (50, 52) of the mechanical type are distributed over the external containment structure in order to engage predetermined portions of those structure with each other.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for the treatment of liquid runoff, such as rainfall, irrigation, and waste or produced water, utilizing aboveground, modular, permeable barriers containing reactive media that can immobilize particular solutes of concern, removing them from the liquid runoff. The modular design allows construction of a relatively-uniform barrier, or media volume, that is self-supporting and easily assembled, maintained, modified, and augmented. A permeable reactive barrier constructed according to the present invention provides significant contact between the reactive media and the solutes of concern while allowing the runoff stream to flow through the structure relatively unimpeded.