Abstract: A beach replenishment system comprising a plurality of barriers mutually separated by troughs. Each barrier comprises two arms mutually attached at a barrier arm angle. The intersection of the arms defines a barrier vertex. An extreme of each arm opposite the barrier vertex terminates in a barrier arm end wall. Each arm comprises a descending series of parallel terraces. Each terrace comprises a shoulder and a valley, or, in an alternate embodiment, a land separated from a shoulder by a valley. The lowermost shoulder borders a ramp which is substantially parallel to a surface upon which the barrier rests, whereby receding water is projected away from the barrier and erosion under the barrier is thus minimized. Each arm is supported by vertical and horizontal braces. Runout posts are installed opposite the troughs, and barrier posts are installed opposite each barrier.

Abstract: A sea wall able to diffuse sheets of wind borne water being blown over the sea wall by a strong wind. The sea wall has a vertically extending barrier, preferably topped by a cap, and wind diverting member mounted above the uppermost surface of the barrier, or cap, if the cap is provided and is disposed above the barrier. The wind diverting member has curved internal air passages gathering air from the water side of the sea wall and discharging air upwardly. The air passages optionally accelerate gathered air by causing the air outlets to be of smaller cross sectional area than that of the air inlets. The sea wall includes drains for disposing of water gathering on the sea wall and the wind diverting member.

Abstract: Support member (10) has stabilizer plate (12) and upper (16) and lower (18) tire holders. Support member (10) spans the diameter of a vehicle tire (22), penetrating the treads of the tire. Upper (16) and lower (18) tire holders are spaced apart so as to closely engage tire (22) and maintain tire (22) at a desired vertical elevation. Cross bar (14) is fastened to support member (10) approximately one half way between upper and lower tire holders (16) and (18), with the ends of cross bar (14) engaging the sidewalls of tire (22), thus preventing rotation of tire (22) about support member (10). The apparatus is installed by driving support member (10) into a water bottom at a desired location, typically near a coastline, with tire (22) direction ally aligned so as to protect the coastline, typically by alignment of the sidewalls or face of the tire perpendicular to prevailing wave and tidal flow.

Abstract: Artificial reef structures include various building components that are performed from concrete and the like. The components include square blocks having mounting grooves on the upper and lower surfaces. The blocks can include a center base plate, a circular opening instead of a center base plate, or be completely hollow. Optional metal bolts can be threaded through the center base plate. A hollowed out dome structure component includes through-holes and triangular type side openings. An arch component includes ribs separated and connected together by perpendicular rectangular beams. All the structure components can be used separately by themselves, in identical groups or in combination with one another either stacked or interlocked. For example, the blocks can be interlocked together with two blocks side by side and connected together by at least a third block on a second level. The domes can be fit over the blocks. The arch component can be positioned over the blocks as well.

Abstract: A system for alleviating scouring damage at the base of a structure anchored in the bed of a body of liquid flowing at a velocity relative to the structure, such as a bridge pier in a river bed, comprises a plurality of hollow vehicle tires surrounding the structure in a matrix of plural stacks of tires connected together with their toroidal axes substantially aligned. Each stack comprises a predetermined number of tires so that the top surface of the matrix forms a predetermined angle relative to horizontal.

Abstract: This patent consists of an INTEGRATED, MULTIPHASE, ENERGY-DISSIPATING ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEM, applicable in forming sheltered port and coastal areas. Its channels and basins act as an integrated, hydrodynamic, energy-dissipating unit as their boundaries are formed by linear, low crown level structuring elements, preferably nonreflecting, overflowable, preferably formed by overflowable rubblemound breakwaters and/or permeable quays, if necessary with these elements discontinuous, dissipating short period gravity waves, their reflection and possible resonances and allowing overflow waters and coastal currents to circulate.Because of its low crown level and the specificities characterizing its structuring elements, this System preserves sea views and allows surface air to freely circulate and basin water to be renewed., with consequent functional, environmental and scenic advantages. (FIG. 3).

Abstract: A shoreline erosion control structure comprises a longitudinally extending upright wall portion (10) for installation across the path of oncoming sea waves (44) and a floor portion (12) extending laterally from the seaward side of said wall and slanting downwardly so as to cause oncoming waves to travel up the length of said floor facing and said wall. Preferably, the structure is made up of a plurality of contiguous units. The invention also includes a method of preventing soil erosion using the structure. The structure is provided with grounding means (22) which extends downwardly from the base of said wall portion (10) below the floor portion and which can be driven into the ground to keep the structure in the upright position.

Abstract: A bulkhead system to resist waterfront wave forces and reduce or eliminate erosion damage to waterfront property and structures. The bulkhead system is comprised of one or more rows of spaced nominally vertical piles, the piles extending into and above a ground surface in a self-supporting configuration. A stack of annular units, each in the form of a vehicle tire filled with concrete or other ballast material, is positioned on each of a plurality of the piles. Adjacent piles are positioned to have a pile-to-pile spacing to accommodate adjacent stacks of annular units and to form a substantially continuous wall or bulkhead. Intercoupling means, such as cabling, is also provided to couple adjacent groupings of piles so that wave forces incident on one or more piles are distributed to other piles on a shared basis.

Abstract: A shoreline erosion-reversing system and method provides seawards and landwards "quiet" zones which cooperate to promote landwards soil deposition and to mitigate seawards soil scouring. In accord therewith, a series of one or more upstanding, vertically-movable and negatively-buoyant apertured sections are arrayed on a shoreline to be protected. Each section is comprised by a hydrodynamic fence subassembly having a lattice of slats fastened in spaced-apart relation to top and bottom horizontal support members and by a pile subassembly having at least one pile member, which subassemblies cooperate to allow the hydrodynamic fence subassembly to move in a binding-free manner relative to the pile subassembly. The top and bottom horizontal members may be singly and/or doubly arranged and may be implemented with either flexible or rigid members. The slats of the lattice of slats may be singly, doubly and/or triply arranged. End assemblies are disclosed for terminating flexible horizontal support members.

Abstract: Shore erosion control structure has a plurality of block members laid on a beach along a shoreline to form a wall having a plurality of parallel rows and vertical courses. Each of the block members has substantially horizontal, seaward facing openings within which are spaced apart baffles. The baffles are removably accommodated in the openings so as to be adjustable and provide tortuous passages through the wall through which water and entrained sand may flow. Water containing entrained sand flowing through the tortuous passages has its energy dissipated so as to enable the entrained sand to be deposited at the landward and seaward sides of the wall, as well as in the openings through the block members, thereby preventing the erosion of the beach and, in many cases, enabling restoration of beaches that have been eroded.

Abstract: A process for production of cut-off walls, characterized by the fact that a geotextile-smectite mat that contains a water-swellable smectite is introduced to a not yet hydraulically set cut-off wall composition.A further object of the invention is a geotextile-smectite mat in web form, characterized by the fact that it contains a sealing layer of water-swellable smectite between two geotextile layers and has a locking mechanism on each side edge for tight joining of the web to another web that has a complementary locking mechanism on each side edge.

Abstract: The present invention describes a cylindrical armor unit for use in a revent structure, herein referred to as Vatia Stone. These units are shaped for: i) optimal strength, positional stability and durability; ii) interlocking along all major axes; iii) flexible interlocking capability with each other for abrupt transitions in shorelines; and iv) natural aesthetic qualities. These qualities in combination provide a significant improvement over existing structures. The Vatia Stones are uniformly placed over an erosion controlled shoreline surface and have an optimal interlocking capability between individual units for maximum stabilization. Each unit has an upper and lower surface which can be shaped geometrically to fit the natural surroundings, e.g. look like natural stone as one example.

Abstract: A dynamic shoreline erosion control system includes a plurality of large rotatable hollow spheres spaced along a line at a distance from the shoreline. The spheres are held together by a heavy duty strong flexible netting which permits movement of the spheres with the incoming and outgoing waves. Openings in the spheres permit the sea water to pass through. A plurality of smaller air-filled balls are disposed within the spheres to likewise rotate under the influence of water flow and provide buoyancy. A group of spheres within a common netting is tied to a pair of pilings at the ends of the netting to limit the extent of movement. Narrower sections of the netting between spheres provide a link and spacing for adjacent elements. Like groups of spheres in nettings can be disposed in parallel pairs with staggered spacing and an array of spaced groups in various geometric arrangements can extend along a large shore area.

Abstract: A wave-damping underwater truss structure for simultaneously resolving all problems such as the damping of undulation including sluggish waves and the reduction of weight and cost of members. That truss has a number of brims, each having a plurality of openings with rugged rim or rims. The opening is circularly or rectangularly formed.

Abstract: A modular artificial reef effective to prevent shoreline erosion is constructed of reef-forming modules placed in side-by-side relation and coupled together to prevent relative movement therebetween. The modules, preferably having a triangular prismatic shape, include a gently sloping seaward face, a beachward face and a base which rests on the sea bottom. The modules are configured to deflect currents, approaching from the sea, away from the beachward face. This configuration prevents currents from flowing at high velocity along the beachward face and toward the beachward toe. Accordingly, scouring of the seabed adjacent to the beachward toe of the artificial reef is minimized or eliminated.

Abstract: A beach stabilizer for minimizing erosion of sand and soil is disclosed. The device comprises a plurality of elements having first and second spaced apart surfaces on opposite sides of a center plane extending therethrough. The elements are interconnected to form at least one string and are arranged on a surface defined by the sand so that the center planes of adjacent elements are disposed in transverse relation to each other. At least one vertical pile is partially submerged in the sand and is associated with the at least one string so as to permit vertical adjustment while maintaining the location of the at least one string on the sand.

Abstract: A submerged breakwater and barrier reef module, the reef being placed upon the seabed for protecting shorelines from the deleterious effects of wave energy including beach erosion.The module is comprised of a base, having a bottom surface and securing the module to the seabed. The base supports a seaward face for initially receiving an oncoming wave and partially dissipating the wave energy. The seaward face includes a plurality of depressions, and these depressions control scouring about the module.

Abstract: A structure utilizing wave energy to purify water. The structure includes a base placed on the sea bed of a body of a breakwater placed on the base along its front edge, and a bank placed on the base along its rear edge to form a surf zone between the bank and the breaker works. The breakwater has a height relative to the base for breaking the incoming waves, and the bank has a height relative to the base sufficient to stop the advance of the broken waves.

Abstract: A permeable breakwater for submerged offshore or seawall retentive installation includes a base and permeable opposed sides terminating at an upwardly projecting permeable wave wall. The breakwater is located offshore to cause moderate to heavy waves to break further offshore thereby dissipating their energy before reaching the beach.

Abstract: An artificial ocean reef module includes a dome having a hollow interior region, an apex and a lower edge, a ventilation port in the apex leading to the hollow interior region, covered by a hollow guide member having two opposing openings to create a venturi effect to enhance circulation through the dome, and an access port adjacent to the lower edge, leading to the hollow interior region. A base member is preferably secured to the lower edge of the dome. A method of constructing the module, using a hemispherical form having an apex, includes the steps of spreading cement on the outer surface of the form, and creating an opening in the cement at the apex to serve as a module ventilation port.

Abstract: A permeable breakwater for submerged offshore or seawall retentive installation includes a base and permeable opposed sides terminating at an upwardly projecting permeable wave wall. The breakwater is located offshore to cause moderate to heavy waves to break further offshore thereby dissipating their energy before reaching the beach.

Abstract: A truncated pyramid structure artificial reef easily assembled on site comprised of identical panels forming openings at the top and bottom of the artificial reef and forming an opening in the side of the artificial reef at a variable distance from the bottom of the structure so as to control the sinking of the structure and the sand held by the structure.

Abstract: A beam- or truss-like reinforced concrete unit to inhibit the erosion of shorelines, sand beaches and river banks by the retardation and diversion of flow across them, intended to be placed on the bottom at right angles to the flow of sand-laden water, without being fastened down. Transverse passages formed by lower chord, upper chord and diagonal members allow water to flow horizontally through the unit, but cause sand to drop out. Diagonal structural members provide great stiffness and strength, despite the presence of the open passages. To increase the fallout of sand, the passages are in two groups which meet at the centerplane of the unit, out of registry with each other, so that each group of passages is obstructed by the diagonal members which form the other group.

Abstract: A wall or a sea wall is formed by a number of female blocks and a number of male blocks which can be coupled together and which are parallelepiped. Each female block has a recess formed in the middle portion of the upper surface and in the lower surface so that a pair of flanges are formed on each side of each of the recesses. Each male block has a protrusion formed on each corner area. Two adjacent protrusions of two male blocks can be received in the recess of the female block so that the male blocks and the female blocks can be stably coupled together.

Abstract: The invention is a combination submerged breakwater and barrier reef comprised of a plurality of modules. Each module is placed upon the seabed, and includes angle base with gripping toes to prevent movement. The base supports a generally crescent shaped, concave seaward face and a similar crescent shaped, concave beachward face. The beachward face includes an elongated apron to further stabilize the unit, and has a greater degree of curvature when compared to the seaward face. Each module also includes a plurality of channels which are angularly expanding towards the beachward face, and provide passages for wave portions to flow through the reef further collapsing the wave in a desired manner. The modules also include interlocking members which allow for the reef to be constructed along a continuous, axial line, or alternatively staggered to provide a non-uniform reef.

Abstract: An improved artificial reef module for creating a feeding and shelter habitat for fish is disclosed. The artificial reef module includes a column of vertically or horizontally arranged sheets of corrugated material. The corrugated channels of each sheet run transverse to the adjacent sheet, thereby providing a system of complex channels and passageways within the module. Additionally, the flutes of one sheet may have a different height from the flutes of an adjacent sheet, thereby adding to the complexity of the passage system.

Abstract: A mound breakwater comprises an internal core, one or more filter layers of relatively fine material over the core and an armor layer of relatively coarser material over the filter layers. The armor layer protects the structure from breaking waves. The armor layer in the vertical zone between the mean sea levels is thickened with reference to the thickness of the rest of the height of the armor layer. This thickening is achieved by having a uniform slope on the external seaward facing profile of the armor layer but having a concave or deeper or angled internal profile of the armor between the mean sea levels. The internal profile may be angular, truncated, curved, or the like.

Abstract: A modular artificial reef effective to prevent shoreline erosion is constructed of reef-forming modules placed in side-by-side relation and coupled together to prevent relative movement therebetween. The modules, preferably having a triangular prismatic shape, include a gently sloping seaward face, a beachward face and a base which rests on the sea bottom. The modules are configured to deflect currents, approaching from the sea, away from the beachward face. This configuration prevents currents from flowing at high velocity along the beachward face and toward the beachward toe. Accordingly, scouring of the seabed adjacent to the beachward toe of the artificial reef is minimized or eliminated.

Abstract: An erosion protection unit (7), comprising a tetrahedral frame comprising six outer elongate members (9) arranged in the outline of a tetrahedron, and a triaxial central strut arrangement (11) comprising three struts (13, 15, 17) arranged mutually perpendicular to one another and passing through the geometric center of the tetrahedron, such that each outer member is braced by a strut passing from its center to the center of a second opposite outer member.

Abstract: There is provided a wave attenuation device for abating waves and therefore erosion of a shorefront or marina of a body of water. The device includes a plurality of spaced apart, elongated plates for receiving waves therethrough. The plates are retained together by a plurality of vertical supports. The device may include a structure to anchor the device in place in a body of water.

Abstract: An erosion prevention device, comprising a concrete block having a top surface and a substantially flat bottom surface, current reduction flaps each having top and bottom portions, the concrete block having openings formed in the top surface for receiving the bottom portions of the current reduction flaps, and means for retaining the bottom portions in the openings.

Abstract: A wave-dissipating caission includes a box-shaped skeleton made up of ridge members, wherein wing members are provided. Each wing member is in the form of a trapezoid with one end thereof separated from other wing members, and an opposite end joined to other wing members. The method for producing the caisson includes the steps of providing a mold for a bottom plate portion of the caission, depositing reinforced concrete into the mold for forming the bottom plate portion, and installing a plurality of steel rods onto the bottom plate portion. The method for producing the caission further includes the step of erecting wing frames, right and left side frames, front and back frames, and an upper frame around the plurality of steel rods. Concrete is then deposited into the frames, thereby forming the caission within the frames. Then the frames are removed from the formed caission.

Abstract: This apparatus is directed to an erosion barrier for use with a shoreline of tidal water having a flood and ebb phase in each tidal cycle in which a first tire barrier has a plurality of vertically stacked tiers of tires cut in half and positioned side by side in rows and the rows arranged in stacked tiers staggered and each tier connected to the tier immediately therebeneath. The half tires are positioned with their rounded tread positioned toward the tidal source and their open portion toward the shoreline to receive soil and sand during the ebb phase of the tidal cycle and form a tire revetment. A second barrier is spaced from the first barrier and has a plurality of horizontally disposed vertically pivoted slats positioned to unseat with the flood phase of the tidal cycle and permit water, soil and sand to pass therethrough but upon cycle change to ebb the slats will close stopping tidal flow to permit the soil and sand time to settle out to form land about the barriers before tidal cycle change.

Abstract: A permeable breakwater for submerged offshore or seawall retentive installation includes a base and permeable opposed sides terminating at an upwardly projecting permeable wave wall. The breakwater is located offshore to cause moderate to heavy waves to break further offshore thereby dissipating their energy before reaching the beach.

Abstract: The critical loss of thousands of acres of shoreline, beaches, and wetlands each year is due to the simple loss of one grain of soil, silt, or sand, one grain at a time. The use of very thin precast concrete trunated conical sections, or "beach-cones" installed with interlocking leak-resistant interstitial "wave-blocks" in a simple geometric pattern, "reverse" the daily cycle of build-up and erosion by accelerating the "build-up" and preventing the recurring "wash-out" of sandy material picked up and carried out by retreating waves. The beach-cone geometry smoothly absorbs the energy of the sand-carried waves, dispersing the energy of the wave and retaining the material deposited into the center of the "beach-cones". This process begins at the next "high-tide" after installation. The critical erosional effect of wave "undertow" is eliminated.

Abstract: An artificial reef of lightweight construction employs a dome-shaped, thin-walled enclosure of plastic material having apertures therein to permit acquatic life to enter and exit. The enclosure has a circular perimeter that is provided with a circumferential trough integrally formed with the enclosure. At a staging area adjacent the installation site, concrete ballast is poured into the trough to form a perimetrical weight which holds the reef in position on the desired underwater surface. The construction allows the reef to be installed from the surface of the water by releasing it over the site and permitting it to parachute downwardly through the water until it comes to rest.

Abstract: A modular breakwater device for placement on the floor in a body of water to alleviate erosion effects. There is a seaward face surface and a landward face surface. A plurality of passages extend between those surfaces permitting water to pass through them. The body has a continuous, uninterrupted lower surface. A number of legs extend from the lower surface and raise it off the floor and define a second passage beneath the lower surface and enables stable footing of the device on the beach floor. Details of the legs, the undersurface and the shaping of the seaward and landward surfaces appear.

Abstract: The panel (1) is advantageously of prefabricated type and consists of a flat surface (2) provided with a plurality of horizontal slots (4) of any arrangement on the surface, and comprises hinges (5, 6) arranged to connect a plurality of the panels together in succession in a substantially vertical arrangement. The hinges are advantageously self-fitting and self-locking to allow rapid side-by-side connection of several panels without hindering their adaptation to any radius of curvature of the watercourse.

Abstract: An offshore barrier module which is adapted to retard the wave induced erosion of an adjacent shoreline includes a porous barrier member for retarding the flow of water therepast, to reduce the velocity thereof and to thereby promote the deposition of particulate matter at and adjacent to the barrier member. The barrier member includes an elongated hollow, substantially cylindrical body which has horizontal and vertical elements that extend around the body and are secured to each other. A ballast member is also provided for weighing down the barrier member.

Abstract: A modular artificial reef effective to prevent shoreline erosion is constructed of base modules placed in side-by-side contact adjacent the shoreline and locked together by superposed reef-forming modules, preferably having a triangular prismatic shape presenting a gently sloping face to the sea, which contact is at least two base modules and are in side-by-side contact with each other.

Abstract: An artificial reef system including the selective positioning of artificial reef modules on the floor of a body of water for creating a feeding and shelter environment for fish. The artificial reef module includes a column of corrugated sheets formed of polyvinyl chloride, each sheet having a predetermined surface area for allowing the attachment and growth of microorganisms. The corrugated sheets are attached together along their length so that a plurality of partially enclosed spaces are created between adjacent sheets to act as shelter for small fish from their predators. The artificial reef modules are positioned on the floor of a body of water in various geometrical patterns to effect an ideal culturing environment for fish.

Abstract: A jetty comprises a plurality of vertically-extending shallow modular structural elements having parallel upper and lower planar faces, the elements being in a vertically layered, horizontally offset and cantilevered juxtaposition to define a three-dimensional network characterized by vertical gaps between portions of some of the elements. At least some of the elements define at least one aperture extending vertically through the thickness thereof, the system further comprising union members extending through a series of vertically aligned apertures for joining the elements together.

Abstract: The critical loss of thousands of acres of shoreline, beaches, and wetlands each year is due to the simple loss of one grain of soil, silt, or sand, one grain at a time. The use of very thin precast concrete truncated conical sections, or "beach-cones" installed with interlocking leak-resistant interstitial "wave-blocks" in a simple geometric pattern, "reverse" the daily cycle of build-up and erosion by accelerating the "build-up" and preventing the recurring "wash-out" of sandy material picked up and carried out by retreating waves. The beach-cone geometry smoothly absorbs the energy of the sand-carried waves, dispersing the energy of the wave and retaining the material deposited into the center of the "beach-cones". This process begins at the next "high-tide" after installation. The critical erosional effect of wave "undertow" is eliminated.

Abstract: There is provided a wave attenuation device for abating waves and the erosion of a shorefront of a body of water. The device includes a plurality of rows of hollow tubes for receiving waves therethrough. Each tube in a row is in a side-by-side relation to its adjacent tubes and has its centerline positioned basically perpendicular to the shorefront. The device also includes a plurality of first and second horizontal supports, a plurality of vertical supports, and bracket and bolts for connecting one of the plurality of vertical supports to one of the first and one of the second horizontal supports to retain the plurality of rows of tubes in position with respect to each other. The device may include a structure to anchor the device in place in a body of water.

Abstract: A beachfront wave energy dissipation structure is disclosed. The structure has a plurality of vertically stacked parallel plates having two lateral edges, a shore-facing edge, and a water-facing edge, and a plurality of columns disposed between and connecting the plates. The columns are laterally and longitudinally distributed so as to impede free passage of waves between the plates. The shore-facing end of the bottom-most one of the plates preferably is supported at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 30 degrees from the horizontal, so that the structure can be positioned with the plates angling upwardly away from the water. The plates reduce in longitudinal dimension from the bottom to the top of the stack, and are arranged in step fashion rising in the direction away from the water-facing edge.

Abstract: A high energy return seawall system which may be assembled on site comprising separate modular units placed along the shoreline for preventing erosion due to severe wave action by dissipating wave energy. Each modular unit includes a plurality of stair steps mounted upon an underlying support structure. A curved baffle is attached to the upper end of the stair steps and has a splash panel extending outwardly from the upper reaches thereof. The seawall system is dimensionally adequate to withstand hurricane force winds, waves and currents and designed to insure the maximum strength for absorbing and dissipating the force of a high energy wave.

Abstract: The specification discloses a beach builder block and a method for using same wherein the beach builder block includes a front face inclined at an angle of from about 20 to about 40 degrees and a horizontal wave divider located above the front face and also including an inclined front face, inclined at an angle of from about 20 to about 60 degrees, therebeing a space between the horizontal wave divider and the first inclined front face. This block is located in the water such that the water level is approximately at the top of said inclined front face or just slightly below it, and such that the inclined face faces seaward, away from the shore.

Abstract: A breakwater for attenuating the sea-swell effects of waves includes a bottom plate rigidly supporting and adapted to be immersed in a body of water. A generally upwardly extending solid front wall is formed at an upstream edge of the plate and an upper end of the front wall extends above the surface of the body of water. A generally upwardly extending rear wall is formed at a downstream edge of the bottom plate and has a plurality of regularly spaced orifices formed therein. A generally upwardly extending intermediate wall is formed between the front wall and the rear wall and also includes orifices, the front wall and the intermediate wall forming therebetween an energy dissipation basin. The front wall extends above the surface of the body of water so as to prevent the passage of a sea swell above the bottom plate as long as the amplitude of the swell is average.

Abstract: An artificial reef for inhibiting beach erosion is formed from a plurality of connected adjacent blocks, each having a base with inclined front and back walls connected by vertical side walls and a flat bottom surface. A plurality of rectangular vertical columns are spaced along an upper surface of the base and are sequentially stepped in height from the front and back walls to a maximum height adjacent a mid-portion of the base. A plurality of vertically spaced saw toothed wave forms extend along the base, in aligned pairs on opposite sides of the columns. A plurality of pairs of aligned triangular surfaces project from front and back walls of each column, spaced vertically along the columns in alignment with the saw toothed wave forms. The blocks are assembled in side by side relation, with each block alternately having downwardly extending trapezoidal prismatic projections or mating recesses.

Abstract: There is described a water wave absorber, particularly suitable for use in testing tanks, to reduce the reflection of generated waves. The absorber comprises a series of sheets of unflattened expanded material, usually metal, positioned one behind the other and the sheets being arranged in generally decreasing porosity from the front of the wave absorber to the rear thereof.