Abstract: A cutting insert comprises a rake face, a plurality of flank faces including clearance faces having a positive clearance angle. A cutting edge is formed at an intersection between the rake faces and the flank face and a convex wiper cutting edge formed on the cutting edge. A method for forming the cutting insert comprises the steps of placing a powdered material into a die and pressing the powdered material in the die to achieve a form having a convex portion on the rake face and at least one substantially flat clearance face having a positive clearance angle. Next, the form is removed from the die and sintered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an indexable cutting insert (10) for the turning of grooves with triangular basic shapes where each insert comer features a projection (16). Each projection supports a transverse cutting edge (17) and connecting diverging cutting edges (18, 19), so that the projection (16) seen in a view directly from above has a symmetrical shape. The one outer side edge (18) of the projection (16) is bordered by an unbroken flat flank surface (22) whilst the connecting flank surface on the other side edge (19) is comprised of two partial surfaces (27, 28) of which the one nearest the edge (19) partial surface (27) has a smaller clearance angle than the partial surface (28) nearest the bottom.

Abstract: A fully indexable negative geometry polygonal insert uses an active cutting edge extending in a first direction from each corner of the polygon downwardly from an associated major polygonal surface of the insert along with a wiping or finishing cutting edge lying substantially in the plane of the associated major surface and extending in a second direction from the insert corner. The geometry of the cutting edge enables mounting of the insert to a milling cutter with negative axial rake, such that the cutting edge is substantially parallel to an axis of rotation of the cutting tool.

Abstract: A plunge-cutting forming tip which improves chip disposal. A protrusion (11) is disposed on a rake face (7) in the vicinity of the ridgeline of a plunge-cutting edge (3). In cutting by means of the tip (1), a chip (K) is ejected which is not only merely thin, but also is ejected in such a manner as to be partially squeezed as a result of pressing against the protrusion (11). Accordingly, the chip is ejected such that a cross section thereof is deformed into a channel shape instead of assuming a flat shape. Thus, the rigidity of the chip is increased, so that chip disposal is improved accordingly.

Abstract: A method or process for making polycrystalline diamond or polycrystalline CBN cutting tools (Superabrasives), which have integral chip-breaking features is disclosed. This method involves pressing a die or other like rigid component against either the outer can cover or the diamond or CBN region directly. This invention provides economical manufacture of diamond chip-breaker tools, while avoiding unnecessary EDM EDG, grinding, or laser processes. This process forms the chip-breaker on the upper surface of the diamond region, during or prior to sintering. This invention permits a wide variety of chip-breaker or other diamond surface features, while minimizing cost and processing steps. Disclosed embodiments include: pressing through the can assembly; pressing within the assembly by introducing a rigid component in the can; and pressing two cans together with an intervening rigid component imposing the desired diamond surface features.

Abstract: A screwing plate or thread cutting bit comprising at least one cutting tip whose contour matches the desired shape of the threading. The cutting tip is configured as a chip forming element which is shaped in the form of a spur located between both sides of the cutting faces. The chip forming element rises above the cutting faces more or less in the form of a table mountain. The flanks of the spur, which are slanted in the form of inclined walls, are spaced at different distances from the adjacent cutting edges so as to form cutting faces with differing widths.

Abstract: A cutting insert for rotating cutting tools for chip-breaking metal machining is delimited by atop side, adjacent to which there are cutting edges, an opposed bottom side and one or several relief surfaces. In the topside is provided a first depression for accommodating a male-like protrusion on a clamping element for fixing of the cutting insert. In the bottom side is provided a female recess for cooperating with a male means on the seat of the cutting insert. By these male-female joints, it is guaranteed that the cutting insert is not flung out from the appurtenant seat, when it is submitted to extremely large centrifugal forces.

Abstract: A cut-off insert (1) used for cutting-off a piece from a work, comprising an end-cutting face (17); at least two flat rake faces (16) running approximately in parallel and forming at least two straight end-cutting edges (15) with the end-cutting face (17); a recessed end-cutting edge (25) formed between the straight end-cutting edges (15); a sloped breaker wall (18) extended and sloping from the flat rake faces (16) to a clamp-pressing face (29) of the cut-off insert (1); and a recessed rake face having a groove (26) extending from the recessed end-cutting edge (25) toward a clamp-pressing face (29) and formed between the flat rake faces (16).

Abstract: A cutting insert has a generally parallepipedal body formed with a pair of generally rectangular, planar, and parallel side faces, a mounting formation at at least one of the side faces, a pair of opposite edge faces between the side faces and each forming at each end of the body a cutting face bounded by a cutting edge, and a respective pair of at least partially circularly arcuately concave free faces at each end extending between the respective cutting edges. The cutting edges are arcuate and each cutting edge has a convex part and straight or concave part.

Abstract: A cutting tool or drill insert with chip control geometry comprising a body including a portion securable in a holder and a forward portion. The forward portion defining at least one cutting edge extending from the central axis of the body to an edge of the body. A chip groove is defined by the surface of the body adjacent to the cutting edge. The chip groove incorporates chip control geometry as spaced apart elongate projections.

Abstract: An indexable cutting insert for use with a cutting tool includes an insert body having a first surface and a side relief surface defining a cutting edge adjacent the intersection of the first surface and the side relief surface. A chip breaking structure is interposed between the first surface and the cutting edge. The chip breaking structure includes first and second series of wedges. Each series of wedges is disposed inwardly from the cutting edge and the wedge series are disposed in orthogonal or normal relation to one another. In a preferred arrangement, the narrow edges of the first and second series of wedges are aligned with one another.

Abstract: A milling cutter comprises a holder and at least two cutting inserts. Each cutting insert has a generally hexagonal or octagonal basic shape and includes at least three major cutting edges. An edge face of each insert is provided with a step defining an exit zone for a fracture. At least one of the cutting inserts is a wiper insert and alternating ones of the cutting edges of the wiper insert are major cutting edges separated by a wiper edge. A first distance of the wiper insert extending between two diametrically opposed wiper edges is larger than a second distance of the wiper insert extending between two diametrically opposed major cutting edges.

Abstract: An indexable insert for metal cutting having an upper surface, a bottom surface and side surfaces. At least a portion of the intersecting lines between the side surfaces and the upper surface generates a main cutting edge, a secondary cutting edge and a corner cutting edge. The corner portions of the upper side are provided with recesses. The corner cutting edge including at least two radiused edges having different radii. The first radiused edge, having a larger radius, being located adjacent to the main cutting edge and a second radiused edge, having a smaller radius, being located adjacent to the secondary cutting edge. Furthermore, the secondary cutting edge includes a radiused edge having a larger radius than the two aforementioned corner radiused edges and the recess includes a rear plane being so arranged that the chips hit a rear plane of the upper surface and break against the rear plane.

Abstract: The indexable insert of the present invention has a cutting edge at the end of a stick-shaped portion projecting from a tool base. The base is shaped to ensure effective clamping, thereby avoiding chatter and backlash. A cutting edge and a rake face are provided at the end of the stick-shaped portion, which is also provided with a side relief face so that chips cut from the workpiece are smoothly carried away. The cutting edge extends sideways beyond the side relief face so that the insert can effectively cut the walls of small and deep holes.

Abstract: A turning insert, preferably for internal machining, includes a polygonal body of hard wear resistant material, which has an upper surface and a lower surface provided in separate substantially parallel planes and a number of side surfaces each interconnecting the upper and lower surfaces. A first side surface is a leading edge surface, and a second side surface is a trailing edge surface during machining. At least one chip former is provided. At least one rounded cutting corner having cutting edges is formed at an intersection of the two side surfaces. The cutting corner defines a bisector plane. The chip former is asymmetrically arranged relative to the bisector plane. The chip former has a surface that is provided in the plane of the upper surface. The surface is provided at substantially one side of the bisector plane and the convex portion of the chip former has a lower edge intersected by the bisector plane at least twice.

Abstract: A drilling tool including a substantially columnar tool body rotatable about an axis, the tool body having a chip discharge groove formed in the outer periphery thereof opened at a distal end surface of the tool body; and a cutting edge having a rake face and extending from an end adjacent to the axis toward the outer periphery of the tool provided along a crossing ridge between a wall surface of the chip discharge groove facing in a circumferential direction of the tool and the distal end face. In the drilling tool, a concave surface rises in the circumferential direction of the tool with respect to the rake face of the cutting edge, the concave surface forming a concave curve advancing toward the distal end face of the tool in the circumferential direction of the tool, the concave surface being formed between the crossing ridge and the distal end face.

Abstract: A cutting insert for grooving operations includes a shank portion and a forward cutting head. The shank portion includes an upper surface, a bottom surface and side surfaces, wherein a line of intersection between the upper side and a forward clearance face forms a main cutting edge. Between the main cutting edge and a secondary cutting edge there is provided a corner cutting edge. The corner cutting edge comprises a primary curved edge with a first radius extending from the main cutting edge, and a secondary curved edge with a second radius, larger than the first radius, that extends from the primary edge to a side edge and oriented perpendicular to the main cutting edge. The cutting insert also comprises an upper side confined by two longitudinal ridges and an elongated chip forming recess therebetween.

Abstract: An indexable insert having a tip body formed of a polygonal flat plate. An upper surface of the tip body serves as a rake face, and edges are formed along ridges defined by sides of the rake face. Nose portion edges are formed at corners of the rake face at which the edges adjacent to each other intersect. The nose portion edges each have a rake angle varied between both ends of the nose portion edge.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cutting insert capable of enhancing the surface roughness of worked materials and lengthening the durability of a cutting tool which has utilized in conjunction with the cutting insert, capable of efficiently removing cut chips from the cutting region by making a chip breaker into a complete free curved surface to discharge the cut chips in the most natural direction and form, which are formed when performing a desired cutting operation of ferrous or nonferrous metals such as aluminum, copper, stainless, etc., to also minimize the resistance to chip flow and the occurrence of the melted-sticking phenomenon. The cutting insert has a specific chip breaker formed on an upper surface thereof with the aid of a pressure molding operation using a mold and in a sintering operation. A lower surface of the cutting insert is formed as a plane. The lower surface is firmly fixed on a holder for cutting tool and supports the cutting insert when mounting the cutting insert in the holder for cutting tool.

Abstract: A face-milling tool includes a milling body forming seats arranged around an axis of rotation of the body. The seats carry identical inserts, each insert being of tetragonal or pentagonal, or hexagonal shape. Each insert includes first and second side faces. Each side face includes a pair of minor cutting edges at each corner of the insert. Two major cutting edges intersect respective ones of the minor cutting edges whereby each major cutting edge and its associated minor cutting edge together form a cooperating pair of cutting edges. There are two of those cooperating pairs at each corner of each side face, whereby there are at least sixteen cooperating pairs on the insert. The minor cutting edges, which function to generate a surface on a workpiece, are sharper than the major cutting edges. During a milling operation the insert is oriented so that only one cutting corner engages a workpiece, and only one of the cooperating pairs of cutting edges of that cutting corner is active.

Abstract: A cutting insert includes an upper chip surface, a bottom surface and side faces therebetween. At each of the end faces the cutting insert has axially protruding portions, each of which appears with a bevel face. Main cutting edges are provided in the intersection between the chip surface and the side surfaces. On each side surface is provided a clearance surface formed on a protruding portion which via a step clearance extends into a secondary helically twisted clearance surface, the chip angle of which increases with increasing cutting depth. The upper face includes along the main cutting edges a planar inclined surface with constant width that extends inwards and intersects with an upwardly inclined secondary chip breaking surface.

Abstract: The cutting insert disclosed is a block of hard metal configured on at least one of its major faces to provide peripheral cutting edges successively index able about a central fastener location to position each edge serial for cutting. The major face slopes downwardly and inwardly from the cutting edges to provide rake surfaces of positive rake behind the cutting edges, and then rises as a sloping ledge to a central boss. A series of depressions disposed along the rake surface produce a ribbed chip which breaks more readily, and into smaller chips, easier to flush or otherwise remove from the cutting site.

Abstract: A method for applying cutting elements to a tool for cutting or milling a metal item in a well, along with the cutting element used in the method. The tool can include one or more blades extending outwardly or downwardly from the tool for cutting a metal item such as the wall of a casing string, or for removing a predetermined length of a casing string in a cutting action. The blade or blades have cutting elements positioned on the leading faces of the blades to engage the casing string or other metal item in the bore hole. Each cutting element is composed of a plurality of effective cutting faces. Each cutting face can have a substantially triangular shape, or a substantially square shape, or some other geometric shape. The cutting elements can be arranged in a random pattern. Each cutting element can be oriented in a random orientation relative to the blade.

Abstract: The cutting insert 10 for removing metal from a workpiece includes an insert body 12 having a left-side wall 24, right-side wall 26, a top surface 28 defining a notch 16, a bottom surface 30 and an end region 20 defining a front cutting edge 60. A land region 42 includes a front land portion 44, a left-side land portion 45, and a right-side land portion 46 which together define a periphery of a chip control pocket 40. The chip control pocket 40 includes a front descending wall 47 and a rear ascending wall 48, a left-side descending wall 50 and a right-side descending wall 52. Each of the walls of the chip control pocket preferably has a curvilinear configuration. A protuberance 54 is spaced between the left-side descending wall and the right-side descending wall, and has an elongate top surface 56 spaced along a protuberance axis 66 preferably perpendicular to the front cutting edge 60.

Abstract: A cutting insert for milling comprises two major sides, two minor sides, and upper and lower sides. At least one pair of cutting edges is formed at the transition of the upper side with a major side and a minor side of the cutting insert. The upper side constitutes a chip surface, and the major and minor sides constitute clearance surfaces. Each pair of cutting edges comprises a major cutting edge extending along the major side, and a minor cutting edge extending along the minor side. The major and minor cutting edges intersect in the area of a cutting corner. The cutting corner is provided inside an imaginary extension line of a major part of the minor side. The major cutting edge slopes such that it forms an acute angle with the lower side. Each pair of cutting edges joins a first clearance surface protruding relative to a plane containing a major portion of the minor and major sides. Recesses are formed in the major sides.

Abstract: A holder for free-cutting machining tool inserts, especially for chiseling, piercing or cutting inserts, includes an essentially beam-like edge support (1) with a receiving pocket (5) constructed in its end for the blade edge inserts. Clamping jaws (9 and 11) define the narrow width of the receiving pocket (5). A slot (29) is configured in the blade edge support (1) forming a flexible pivot for moving one clamping jaw. An operating member (37) is provided for producing a clamping force in the area of the slot (29) on the movable clamping jaw (11). The operating member (37) is mounted in a bore (39) at some distance from the slot (29). The clamping force is transmitted to the movable clamping jaw (11) through a force transmission member (43) which is slidably guided in the blade edge support (1).

Abstract: The present invention is a drilling system for cutting flat bottomed holes in work pieces. The tool has two opposing angled cutting edges extending from a rotational axis, with the inner portions of these cutting edges extending upwardly to create an overlapping web at the center. The overlapping web strengthens the center portion of the cuttings edges of the tool. The angle at which the inner portion of the cutting edge is inclined can be increased to create a center point on the cutting surface of the tool. The center point adds stability to the tool as it rotates along its longitudinal axis. The cutting edge has a rake surface with a positive rake angle that lessens the forces on the insert and also allows for better formation of chips of stock material being removed. Chip breakers can be cut into the cutting edges of the insert, further aiding in the removal of stock material.

Abstract: A cutting insert for the turning of grooves in metallic work pieces includes a rear shank portion and a cutting head projecting forwardly from the rear shank portion. The cutting head includes two side cutting edges converging forwardly, and a main cutting edge interconnecting the front ends of the side cutting edges. Each side cutting edge includes a plurality of spaced apart grooves formed therein, whereby each side cutting edge is noncontinuous.

Abstract: A cutting insert is disclosed with triangular shapes imprinted on the top surface of the insert whereby the number of triangular shapes is representative of the cutting range for which the insert will function best. A method for imparting such shapes to the cutting insert is also disclosed.

Abstract: A milling cutter includes a holder and cutting inserts held in the holder by fasteners. Each cutting insert has an octagonal basic shape and includes eight cutting edges created by the intersection between an upper face and an edge face of the insert. The fasteners bear frictionally against the upper faces of respective inserts. The upper face comprises a number of safety stop projections. In the event that the insert slips relative to the fastener during a milling operation, one of the safety stop projections abuts the fastener to prevent accidental dislodgement of the insert.

Abstract: An indexable cutting insert is disclosed capable of cutting operations over a wide range of depth of cuts. The insert has different geometries at different locations on the cutting surface such that, under differing cutting parameters, a desirable cutting surface will be in contact with the workpiece.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cutting insert for enhanced chip control. The insert includes a rake surface extending partially along a side cutting edge of the insert to a transition location and extending inwardly toward the center of the insert. A deflecting surface extends upwardly and inwardly toward the center of the insert from the rake surface and beyond the transition location extends upwardly and inwardly from the side cutting edge.

Abstract: A tool bit for a tube end squaring tool includes a cutting edge produced by machining or grinding a hook radius in the tool bit stock on the entrance angle side of the cutting edge and an undercut portion within the hook radius just rearwardly of the cutting edge on the work entrance side thereof to cause separation from the hook radius area of metal chips parted from a metal workpiece by the cutting edge to reduce friction and workpiece metal buildup on or adjacent the cutting edge. The undercut configuration reduces manufacturing costs of the tool bit which otherwise would require additional finishing operations to obtain the same reduction of friction at the cutting edge area.

Abstract: The tool is provided with a blade section having a shaped surface for shaping an end of an elongated workpiece. This shaped surface extends from the blade section into and through a body section. After the blade section has worn, the tool may be re-ground to provide a fresh blade surface within the original body portion without a need to regrind the shaped surface.

Abstract: An indexable cutting insert for metal machining comprises an upper rake surface, a bottom surface and side surfaces that extend between the upper and bottom surfaces. Cutting edges are formed at the transitions between the side surfaces and the upper surface. Disposed along the cutting edges on the upper surface are elongated primary lands. Disposed inside of the lands is a chip-breaking depression. A raised land area to be ground is situated in the chip-breaker, so that the total grinding area of the upper surface becomes about as large as the total grinding area of the bottom surface. The insert can thus be ground by upper and lower grinding wheels which rotate simultaneously in opposite directions.

Abstract: An array of cutting inserts has been invented having a plurality of adjacent inserts, each insert comprising a body having a top surface, a bottom, and a base, and a plurality of spaced-apart chipbreaking indentations in the top surface of the body, and a strengthening ridge between adjacent indentations of the plurality of spaced-apart chipbreaking indentations, and a peripheral strengthening ridge around an outer edge of the top surface of the body surrounding the plurality of spaced-apart chipbreaking indentations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a milling cutting insert having an upper side, a bottom side, and flank surfaces connecting the upper and bottom sides. At each operative cutting corner there is a projection which is depressed relative to the adjacent main cutting edge and corner cutting edge. At the front upper edge of the projection is the wiper edge that generates the surface on the workpiece. By tipping the cutting insert axially positively and radially negatively, the horizontally located wiper edge may be tipped frontwards into contact with the workpiece, while the vertically located wiper edge is tipped backwardly, so that it does not reach the workpiece. In this way an improved axial clearance is made possible and an undesired groove in the workpiece is avoided, which would otherwise be caused by the vertically located wiper edge.

Abstract: A milling cutting insert including a substantially prismatic body portion having an upper surface, a lower surface, side surfaces and at least one protruding nose-like cutting corner, having a rake surface merging with the upper surface and a wraparound relief flank surface having portions merging respectively with adjacent side surface meeting at the cutting corner, front and side cutting edges formed by the intersection between the rake surface and the wraparound relief flank surface, the cutting edges protruding outwardly relative to their respective side surface surfaces and being elevated relative to the upper surface with at least the side cutting edge sloping towards the lower surface.

Abstract: An indexable insert with a chip breaker configured such that chips produced under various cutting conditions from rough cutting to finish cutting can be disposed of in an optimum way. Protrusions are provided in a chip breaker groove to extend from a central land toward the respective corners of the insert. Each protrusion has a breaker wall which is concave and curved such that chips produced always collide against the breaker wall at an angle of 10.degree.-40.degree. so that the chips are curled helically with a helix angle of 10.degree.-40.degree. and broken into small pieces reliably.

Abstract: A round cutting insert, normally made of cemented carbide, for turning operations is provided. It comprises a top surface, a round clearance surface, and a bottom surface. The top surface comprises a number of main, circumferentially spaced chip-breaking grooves. Essential for the invention is that each of the main grooves comprises a further chip-breaking groove which is encircled by the main groove. Thanks to the superposed grooves, the insert becomes very versatile, with good chip control both at low and high feeds, as well as at small and large cutting depths.

Abstract: A cutting insert has upper, lower and side surfaces and at least one cutting edge formed adjacent the insert lower surface and extending between two adjacent insert corners so as to, at least partially, protrude outwardly therefrom. The cutting edge lies in a plane which slopes upwardly from the insert lower surface at an exterior acute angle .alpha. and which intersects the insert lower surface at an intersection line passing through end points of the cutting edge associated with the insert corners.

Abstract: A polygonal cutting insert with at least one rib-shaped raised elongated cutting component of the face arranged at a distance from the cutting edge and extending generally in the chip removal direction. The rib has a front end spaced inwardly of the cutting edge and a cross section increasing from the front end to a region at which the cross section is a maximum and then decreasing from that maximum to a rear end of the rib.

Abstract: A polygon shaped cutting tip for a metal workpiece boring tool, the cutting tip having linear side edges lying in a common plane and adjacent side edges which pass tangentially into rounded corner regions. Parts of the corner regions and of the side edges serve as the primary and secondary cutting edges of the tip. A chip breaker edge is arranged at a distance in from the side edges. A chip breaker surface extends from the side edge to the chip breaker edge. The chip breaker edge includes linear sections corresponding to the linear side edges of the tip and has curved sections which correspond to the curved regions of the side edges. The arc of curvature of both the curved regions and the curved sections is the same although the arcuate length of the curved sections is greater. The chip breaker surface extends from the side edges of the corner regions inward toward and downward into the tip at an acute angle where it intersects the chip breaker edges.

Abstract: A cutting insert for a tool for wellbore milling operations has been invented that has a body having a top, a bottom, and a base, and a plurality of cutting surfaces on the top of the body, one of the cutting surfaces at a different height above the base than the other cutting surface, each cutting surface defined by linear boundaries extending from a first edge of the cutting insert, and the linear boundaries parallel to each other, the plurality of cutting surfaces including at least two cutting surfaces including at least a first cutting surface and a second cutting surface, the second cutting surface at a height above the base which is greater than a height above the base of the first cutting surface.

Abstract: A cutting insert (1) for use in a milling cutter for a face milling has upper, lower and side surfaces and at least one pair of main and minor cutting edges (10, 11) formed by the intersection between the upper surface (5) and an adjacent side surface (7). The cutting edges (10, 11) merge via a cutting corner portion (12) of a relatively large radius, which is provided with a land (15) formed at the upper surface (5) of the insert. The land (15) is inclined to the insert lower surface at an inclination angle which continuously varies from a negative value at an area of the corner portion (12) adjacent the main cutting edge (10) to a positive value at an area of the corner portion (12) adjacent the minor cutting edge (11).

Abstract: A tool for cutting or milling casing in a well is disclosed. It includes a plurality of blades extending outwardly to a substantially radial position for cutting the walls of casing strings and removing a predetermined length of the casing strings in a cutting action. The blades have cutting elements positioned on leading faces of the blades to engage the casing strings in a cutting action without tripping or removal from the bore hole. The cutting elements can be arranged in rows and columns. The cutting elements can be shaped to continually present a sharp cutting edge to the object being milled. The cutting elements can be inclined at a negative axial rake angle to cause the metal chips cut from the object being milled to break off at short lengths. The cutting element can also have surface irregularities to cause the metal chips cut from the casings to break off at short lengths.

Abstract: A cutting insert includes a cemented carbide body having two main cutting edges joined by a corner cutting edge. A primary land extends behind the corner and main cutting edges. A chip breaker in the form of a micro ridge projects upwardly from a section of the primary land located in the vicinity of the cutting corner. The primary land has a width in the range of 0.1 to 0.8 mm, and the micro ridge has a width which is between 25 and 80 percent of the width of the primary land.

Abstract: A cutting insert for machining workpieces (preferably of metal) while removing the cuttings including at least one cutting edge (10) in the transition region between a rake (16) and a flank (18); the rake (16) comprises a flat face section (20) which is substantially parallel to the cutting edge (10) and several dome-shaped recesses aligned in a row and separated by gaps, the recesses being parallel to the cutting edge (10), and moulded into the face section (20) and partially penetrating the cutting edge (10). To ensure the uninterrupted removal of cuttings when short cuttings are produced, the invention proposes that a cutting form step (24) is provided on the face of the recesses opposite to the cutting edge (10). The cutting form step rises above the face section and is bounded by a bottom boundary line (26) on the cutting edge side and by a top boundary line (28) on the side away from the cutting edge.

Abstract: A tool bit for a tube end squaring tool includes a cutting edge produced by machining or grinding a hook radius in the tool bit stock on the entrance angle side of the cutting edge and an undercut portion within the hook radius just rearwardly of the cutting edge on the work entrance side thereof to cause separation from the hook radius area of metal chips parted from a metal workpiece by the cutting edge to reduce friction and workpiece metal buildup on or adjacent the cutting edge. The undercut configuration reduces manufacturing costs of the tool bit which otherwise would require additional finishing operations to obtain the same reduction of friction at the cutting edge area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a turning insert that comprises a generally rectangularly shaped body having a front end surface with a main cutting edge at the intersection between the front end surface and an upper land area. A chipforming area is provided in the forward portion of the upper surface and is shaped in the form of a number of distinctly provided recesses and ridges in order to promote improved chip control and to obtain narrower chips in grooving operations.