Abstract: This accessory, for a hand held drill, turns the drill into a portable drill press. To use this portable drill press, place the drill bit where you want it. Lean the drill forward until the base slides under the metal your drilling. The base is a lever and the drill and bit swings off it. The base holds the drill in place at a angle. When the drill is pulled straight, everything tightens up. The metal and the drill bit are pushed together with leverage. Turn the drill on and drill the hole by just holding the drill straight. This portable drill press is faster and easier to use, than drilling by hand.

Abstract: A tractor or trailer axle replacement spindle and seal ring assembly includes a spindle with an elongate cylindrical body having bearing surfaces and threads. The seal ring is a shorter annular component having a circular opening sized to achieve an interference fit with the spindle. A portion of the exterior surface of the spindle and the interior surface of the ring seal includes complementary regions having a small, constant and equal taper. Preferably, at each end of the tapered regions of the spindle and the seal ring resides an annulus or cylindrical region of constant diameter. The spindle may also include a shoulder or flange at or adjacent its end opposite the threads which positively axially locates the seal ring thereon. When the two components are to be assembled, the seal ring is heated to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit and slid onto the spindle until the complementary tapered regions align.

Abstract: An improved portable boring bar apparatus includes a small hydraulic motor and drive mechanism for rotating a cylindrical boring bar and axially advancing it in the cutting direction. The boring bar is received in a drive housing, and a support arm affixed to the drive housing includes a bearing for rotationally supporting the boring bar, and a mounting tongue that extends radially beyond the drive housing for attachment to a workpiece mounting arm. At set-up, the workpiece mounting arm is temporarily joined to a set-up support arm identical to the drive housing support arm, and the arms so joined are positioned such that the bearing of the set-up support arm is centered relative to a workpiece pilot hole. The workpiece mounting arm is tack-welded to the workpiece, and the drive housing support arm is joined to the workpiece mounting arm in place of the set-up support arm.

Abstract: A boring bar feed mechanism comprising a boring bar and a rotation mechanism for rotating the boring bar, a feed shaft, a feed coupling the feed shaft with the boring bar for axially translating the boring bar, and the boring bar is rotationally mounted with respect to but axially fixed to a second end of the feed coupler. A cam is rotationally fixed to the boring bar for rotating with the boring bar and a cam follower interacts with the cam. A plunger housing is supported by an extension of the cam follower and the plunger housing accommodates at least one feed plunger. A converter gear is supported by the feed shaft and the feed plunger interacts with the converter gear to facilitate indexing of the converter gear. The plunger housing is pivotally supported by the extension of the cam follower to permit the plunger housing and the feed plunger to have a limited pivoted motion, relative to the cam follower, as the cam follower oscillates back and forth and indexes the feed shaft.

Abstract: A servo drill spindle includes a spindle body, an air motor slidably carried by the spindle body, a spindle extension drivingly engaged by the air motor, a cutting tool drivingly engaged by the spindle extension and a servo motor engaging the air motor and operable to advance the air motor along the spindle body.

Abstract: Pipe tapping apparatuses, devices, methods, and systems are provided for hot-tapping a pipe or fluid conduit containing a pressurized fluid. According to an embodiment, a pipe-tapping device can comprise a machine lower portion, a machine feed portion, and a machine drive portion. The machine lower portion can be disposed proximate to a pipe and can include a threaded insert situated distal to the pipe. The machine feed portion can include a first thread set and a second thread set. The first thread set can correspond to the threaded insert so that the machine feed portion is adapted to move axially relative to the machine lower portion. The machine drive portion can include a threaded interior. The threaded interior can correspond to the second thread set so that the machine drive portion is adapted to move axially relative to the machine feed portion. Other various embodiments are also claimed and described.

Abstract: An auger bit includes a shaft having a central axis, a cutting insert mounted to said shaft, and a feed screw that is separate from the cutting insert and which is mounted to the shaft. The cutting insert and the feed screw are engaged with each other. A single locking member, such as a set screw, secures the feed screw member to the shaft, and thereby secures the cutting insert to the shaft. If the feed screw or the cutting insert become worn, feed screw or the cutting insert can be replaced.

Abstract: This invention is related to a rigid tapping feedback assembly that is adapted to being retrofit on a milling machine having a spindle with a spindle end extending beyond a bearing cap and an automated drive. In embodiments, the assembly comprising a housing, spindle-pulley adapter that is drivably engaged with the spindle end, pulley assembly, shaft assembly, housing cover plate, and rotary encoder. The housing mounts to the bearing cap and holds the shaft assembly in substantially parallel-spaced alignment with the spindle-pulley adapter. The pulley assembly mechanically links the spindle-pulley adapter and the shaft assembly, typically utilizing pulleys and a timing belt. The housing cover plate mounts to the housing enclosing the assembly components above and supporting the rotary encoder in substantial axial alignment with the shaft assembly. In operation, the rotary encoder senses spindle rotational speed spindle and provides feedback to the automated drive to control downward movement of the spindle.

Abstract: A drill fixture enabling drilling through hard objects in a confined area includes a housing, a threaded rod connected with the housing, and a tubular adjustment sleeve rotatably connected with the rod. A drill is arranged in the housing and has a drill bit extending in a forward direction. The sleeve is rotated relative the threaded rod for displacement along the length of the rod until the sleeve engages a fixed surface opposite the object to be drilled. With the sleeve rear portion engaging the fixed surface, further rotation of the sleeve displaces the housing in a forward direction during rotation of the drill bit so that the bit bores through the hard object until a hole is formed. Rotation of the sleeve in the opposite direction causes the drill bit to be retracted from the object. In lieu of a rotatable sleeve, a piston may be provided which is extended and retracted relative to the housing to provide a linear drilling force to the drill bit relative to a fixed surface.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for servo-controlled manufacturing operations are disclosed. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a base member, a drive platform spaced apart from the base member by a separation distance, and a plurality of guide members extending between the drive platform and the base member. At least one of the drive platform and the base member are moveable along the guide members to increase or decrease the separation distance. The apparatus also includes a drive member operatively coupled between the drive platform and the base member, and a servo motor operatively coupled to the drive member. As the servo motor drives the drive member, the separation distance is varied. In an alternate embodiment, a manufacturing tool may be coupled to at least one of the drive platform and the base member.

Abstract: A servo motor driven tapping unit for in die installation has a tap holder pitch adapter assembly mounted for removal while the unit is in the die to facilitate tap and pitch adapter replacement. In one embodiment, the tap holder pitch adapter assembly extends transversely to the servo motor axis, and is offset in another embodiment.

Abstract: A device for producing bypasses under pressure in fluid piping systems, including a horizontal T-shaped body having a radial conduit which can be connected to a connecting collar or seat of the pipe to be bypassed and a radial conduit with a mouth for extracting fluid from the bypass. The device includes an inverted cup-shaped cutter with an overdimensioned tooth crown and, on the rear part thereof, a stepped extension with two threaded areas. One of the threaded areas is attached to the upper neck of the radial conduit and is closed with a cover and gaskets. The device further includes an actuation means which can be positioned on the neck and which is equipped with a feed screw and a shaft which can be connected to the end threaded area of the cutter by means of a male connector and a nut.

Abstract: A portable boring/facing machine using a single drive motor for rotating a boring bar and for either axially translating a cutting head assembly along the bar or radially moving the blade of the cutting head assembly using a lead screw. The machine utilizing two mounting brackets is attachable to the workpiece for alignment with the workpiece.

Abstract: A boring apparatus and method for in-situ repair of motor vehicle axles includes a universal mounting plate assembly for attachment to a vehicle axle, both longitudinal (on-axis) and transverse (radial) adjustment assemblies, a bearing assembly and a boring bar and drive assembly having a pair of motor drive units for rotating (speed) and axially advancing (feed) the boring bar. The longitudinal and transverse adjustment assemblies facilitate use of the boring apparatus on a wide variety of vehicle and truck axles from virtually all manufacturers to repair broken axles or damaged bearing surfaces.

Abstract: A cloth cutting device used to cut perfect circular pieces from a piece of cloth. The cloth cutting device is positioned over the cloth and utilized in incising a perfect circular piece from the cloth. The device has a base support assembly that maintains the cutting device in a stationary position on the cloth to be cut, a cutting blade enclosed in a housing assembly, a rotateable handle, and a shaft interconnected between the housing assembly and the handle. Rotation of the handle causes the shaft to rotate, effectuating downward movement of the blade onto and into the cloth.

Abstract: A tapping valve having a housing which can be electrically welded to a pipe and which includes a connection piece (2) with a drill (24) therein for drilling the pipe. The connection piece has an inner surface (34). The drill or a bushing (70) in which the drill can be moved axially by a threaded connection (74, 76; 80, 82) is provided with an external thread which engages the inner surface of the connection piece. Inner surface (34) is constructed such that it is initially cylindrical adjacent the external thread (32) and an inner thread can be formed in the inner surface (34) using the external thread (32) by rotating the drill (24) or the thread (70) in an axially forward direction (30). The tapping valve is easy to manufacture and yet offers a high degree of functional reliability.

Abstract: A drainage valve tap assembly for connection of a branch line to a main line while simultaneously forming a freeze proof drain comprising a hollow body having a first end and a second end, a cutting tube attached to the first end of the body; a handle having a hollow interior, the handle attached to the second end of the body for rotating the body; and a resilient drain plug extending at least partially in the body for blocking off the flow of water therethrough under a water pressure and for allowing the draining of water therethrough and out of the drainage valve when the water pressure is cut-off.

Abstract: A hot tapping tool having a stationary tubular member threadedly engaged to a movable tubular member adapted for rotational and axial movement with respect to the stationary member with said movable tubular member operably connected to a shaft having cutter head and causing said shaft to move axially toward and away from a pipe line to be cut.

Abstract: An end-cap lockingly securable to the end of the pipe at the same time a secondary action such as a branch line is formed to the main pipe line. The end cap housing has an integral branch forming member to allow a user to lock the end cap to the pipe by forming a branch line on the side of the pipe with the end cap housing sandwiching the end of a pipe between a pipe insert and a pipe receptor in the end cap housing. The pipe receptor includes an insert having a sealing surface, which when engaged to the interior surface of a pipe, forms a leak-proof relationship with the pipe.

Abstract: An in-die tapping unit for a press in which two ball screw mechanisms are driven by closing motion between two housing pieces caused by press actuation. Both ball screw mechanisms rotate a central drive gear which causes rotation and axial advance of a pitch adapter sleeve axially advanced by a threaded engagement with a fixed pitch adapter hub, the movable pitch adapter carrying a tap holder, which rotates and advances a tap inserted therein. A striker pad and acceleration spring reduces the shock loading of the unit when the press engages the upper housing piece.

Abstract: A hollow tap having an axially outward extending cutting tooth so that when the cutting tooth is brought into rotational pressure engagement with a resilient tubing the cutting tooth cuts a hole partially through the resilient tubing leaving a coupon hingedly but securely attached to the resilient tubing to maintain the coupon in an out-of-the-way condition within the resilient tubing. Continued rotation of the tap within a saddle brings a sealing surface on the cutting tube into fluid tight seal with the resilient tubing to provide a branch outlet to the resilient tubing though the tap.

Abstract: A portable boring/facing machine having a rotatable boring bar on which is supported a cutting head assembly that is adapted to be axially translated by a lead screw drive powered by an AC variable speed servo motor is provided with mounting brackets attachable to the work piece that incorporate a swivel mechanism for facilitating alignment of the boring bar with the centerline of the work piece.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing a bone dowel includes a machine base with tracks on a surface thereof. Modules configured to slide in the tracks may include a module for a high speed rotary tool, a collet module, a vise module and a threading module.

Abstract: A drill (100) for drilling a material (104) with a drill bit (102) which is specially adapted for use by inexperienced users is provided. The drill (100) includes a rotatable helix screw (132) having a helix groove (134). A support block (136) travels up and down the helix screw (132) when the helix screw (132) is rotated via a handle section (120). A key pin (138) is mounted in the support block (136) to ride in the helix groove (134). Preferably, the center of mass of the support block (136) is tangential to the helix screw (132). A short level section (304) is formed in the bottom of the helix groove (134) such that the key pin (138) rests in the level section (304) when not in use. The drill (100) may comprise an overhead support mechanism (108) for rotatably supporting the drill (100).

Abstract: An apparatus for pipeline construction comprises a constructing means located on the lower part of the apparatus, which includes a chest and a unit for completing the operation of construction; a feeding means located on the upper part of the apparatus, which drives the constructing means to rotate and to approach to the constructed pipe, and which includes a main shaft having a central hole, a rod placed in the central hole, a drive means as well as a rod feeding means; a base of the apparatus, the bottom of the base and the top face of the base are detachably connected with the feeding means and the constructing means respectively.

Abstract: A self-tapping tee for heavy walled plastic pipe such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or thick walled polyethylene tubing. The self-tapping tee includes a saddle for gripping a tubular line to be tapped, a coupling tap with a stem for poking a hole in a sidewall of the line, with the sidewall of the line around the hole stretched about the stem, forming a seal, and a removable mandrel for supporting the stem while the hole is being made.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved method and apparatus, associated with a self-piercing valve assembly for mounting the self-piercing valve on a pipe and for constraining movement of the valve on the pipe. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a self-piercing valve assembly comprises a clamping assembly and a crimping member associated with the clamping assembly, which crimping member "automatically" crimps a pipe and forms a recess therein when the self-piercing valve clamping assembly is tightened about the pipe, and simultaneously effects a crimping member/recess interface (much like a key-and-keyway interface) which inhibits relative angular rotation between the pipe and valve. The crimping member is, preferably, a rigid, projection or tab.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for use in machining an interior surface of a tubular object which comprises a pair of rails that can be longitudinally instad through the interior section of the tubular object. Braces join the rail for fixing the rails to the tubular object. A platform is movably mounted on the rails to allow longitudinal movement of the platform. A machine tool can be mounted on the platform.

Abstract: Apparatus for cutting a hole through a plastic liner in a gas or other main comprises a body forming module of a train of modules adapted to travel through the main. The body has a radially movable platform carrying a cutter. The platform has four cams engaging four cams pivotally mounted on tie-bars. Advancing movement of the platform pushes the cams outwardly causing support legs to move outwardly and to cause four slave legs carried by the support legs to engage the plastic liner. Further advancing movement of the platform causes the cutter to engage the liner and also holds the support legs in their advanced position as noses on the cams traverse the faces of the cams.

Abstract: A compact hot-tap saddle pipe fitting made of weldable plastic material integrates a branch saddle and a tubular adapter into a monolithic tee shaped unit. The fitting, which is characterized by short overall dimensions and a reinforced base portion, allows a fully pressure rated connection of a branch line to a main plastic pipeline using an isolation valve and a standard size hot-tap cutting tool.

Abstract: An apparatus for piercing a hole in a tube centered on a tube axis has a plurality of housing parts one which is formed with a throughgoing threaded passage centered on a passage axis and both of which are secured the housing parts around the tube with the passage axis extending generally radially of the tube axis. A tool body threadable into the passage is formed with a blind bore generally centered on the passage axis, open radially inward of the tube axis toward the tube, and having an end wall directed radially inward of the tube axis toward the tube. A straight hard metal needle in the bore has a pointed inner end directed radially inward of the tube axis at the tube and an opposite outer end confronting the end wall of the bore. The outer needle end is centered by appropriate formations in the bore on the passage axis and the outer needle end is braced radially outward of the tube axis against the bore end wall.

Abstract: A lead free water valve for domestic use as a saddle valve for tapping into existent water supply tubes to establish a permanent retrofit installation for controlled water service to a lateral installation, having a set screw affixing the saddle to the supply tube and having a retainer assembly by which a single non-removable fastener secures an operating knob that captures a retainment collar, and micrometer adjustment with port opening indication.

Abstract: A squaring machine has an elongate generally cylindrical housing with an axially mounted motor at one end of the housing which rotates a shaft extending through the axis of the housing. The shaft is longitudinally moveable within the housing, and a non-rotatable inner sleeve is fitted around the shaft and is fixed for longitudinal movement with the shaft. The housing has a feed ring which is axially slidable but non-rotatably fixed around the tubular section, and a pin extends through a slot in the housing and the pin is connected to both the feed ring and the inner sleeve such that the feed ring, the inner sleeve, and the shaft move longitudinally in unison with respect to the housing. Rotation of a feed nut, which threadably engages the feed ring, causes axial movement of the feed ring along the tubular portion of the housing, and simultaneous axial movement of the shaft.

Abstract: A tool for removing broken threaded fasteners such as seized or damaged Budd nuts mounted on a stud extending from the hub of a dual wheel assembly. The tool includes a base plate which is securable at the Budd nuts adjacent the broken nut by stand-off and fasteners. A cutter is advanceable by a pivotal bar by means of a manually operable adjustment knob. The cutter is rotatable in a busing and has a cutting head with a bore which extends over the damaged nut. Replaceable cutting teeth are carried on the cutting head and when advanced cut through the flange on the damaged Budd nut. The device can be powered by a power tool attachable to the device. A depth guide is provided to assist the mechanic in correctly determining the proper depth of cut. As the cutting head is advanced, the flange portion of the Budd nut is cut away so the inner wheel rim can be removed from the hub and thereafter the remaining shaved Budd nut can be easily removed.

Abstract: The tapping apparatus includes a body that receives a cutter and sleeve. The cutter and sleeve advance together to form an opening in the sidewall of a main conduit about which the body is secured. The sleeve includes external threads that grip into the conduit sidewall. Thereafter, retraction of the cutter leaves the sleeve in place to secure the tapping apparatus to the conduit and establish fluid communication therethrough. The cutter and sleeve preferably have different thread pitches so that the sleeve advances at a slightly faster rate than the cutter. This facilitates sealing engagement between the external surface of the main conduit and the body. Additionally, a one-way drive arrangement is provided between the sleeve and cutter so that once the sleeve is positioned in place, the cutter can be removed without altering the location of the sleeve.

Abstract: A fluid opening is disclosed on the head section of a drive shaft 30, such opening fluidically connected to the furthest away fluid port so as to draw fluid across the bearings of the device.

Abstract: Supplemental apparatus for a hand-held power drill that uses the rotational movement of the drill for both rotating a drill bit and advancing the drill bit into the work piece. In one form the illustrated apparatus comprises a separate attachment that includes a base for releasibly attaching to a hand drill. The base supports a moveable support unit for releasibly holding a selected drill bit in a position to be advanced into the work piece to drill a desired hole. A transmission mechanism on the base is connected to the support unit and transmits rotation from the chuck of the drill so as to both (1) rotate the drill bit, and (2) move the drill bit forwardly relative to the base into the work piece. The power drill connects to the attachment from the side so that it is disposed generally at right angles to the drill bit.

Abstract: A feed mechanism, for use with a right angle drill, capable of feeding a drill bit into a workpiece at variable thrust and position. The feed mechanism, attached to the cutting end of the drill, utilizes the mechanical advantage of a threaded member to feed the drill bit into and out of the workpiece. The entire drill and feed mechanism is held stationery during operation by a holding means which is fixedly attached to the workpiece and in which the feed mechanism is locked.

Abstract: An apparatus for tapping live pipes includes an adaptor for affixing to a pipe, the adaptor including a valve for closing off any opening cut into the pipe. The internal drive shaft has a plurality of transverse apertures spaced apart along its length, so that it can be adjusted longitudinally to different positions with respect to the apparatus which grips the drive shaft and urges it toward the pipe during cutting. This avoids the necessity of designing a plurality of apparatuses which are adapted to cutting bits and devices of different lengths.

Abstract: A drilling tool for removing spot welds includes a central shaft having a threaded portion which extends through a center nut and washer assembly. A pair of oppositely opposed compression springs bear on the center nut and washer assembly to maintain it in a fixed position. Stops located on the shaft engage the center nut and washer assembly to limit the forward travel of the drill bit. This ensures that the drill bit has a predetermined stroke length. The springs provide compression for the drill bit as the shaft rotates thus forcing the drill bit into the workpiece, but with some resilience so that the drill does not bind up.

Abstract: The portable washer cutter of this invention comprises a pair of enclosures adapted to be interconnected and operative to rotate to progressively close the two enclosures together. A cutting knife edge secured in one enclosure progressively engages with each rotation a flat washer blank supported in the other enclosure to produce a desired central cut-out from the washer blank.

Abstract: The automatic feed drill includes a spindle mounted therein for rotating in reciprocating movement. The spindle is rotated by spindle rotation gear that is engaged with the main drive gear which is ultimately driven by an air motor or the like. The feed and retraction movement (reciprocation) is caused by a spindle feed gear that is threaded onto the spindle. The spindle feed gear is engaged with a feed gear which, during feed movement, is driven by the main drive gear, and during retraction movement, is shifted into a position wherein the feed gear is prevented from rotating. The spindle also carries a collar or other abutment that engages a shift lever at the end of the feed movement. The shift lever is moved by the collar, and, due to its interconnection with the feed gear, moves the feed gear out of engagement with the main drive gear and into the position wherein it is prevented from rotating. The apparatus also includes a yieldable stop device that holds the feed gear stopped during retraction movement.

Abstract: The automatic feed drill includes a spindle mounted therein for rotating in reciprocating movement. The spindle is rotated by spindle rotation gear that is engaged with the main drive gear which is ultimately driven by an air motor or the like. The feed and retraction movement (reciprocation) is caused by a spindle feed gear that is threaded onto the spindle. The spindle feed gear is engaged with a feed gear which, during feed movement, is driven by the main drive gear, and during retraction movement, is shifted into a position wherein the feed gear is prevented from rotating. The spindle also carries a collar or other abutment that engages a shift lever at the end of the feed movement. The shift lever is moved by the collar, and, due to its interconnection with the feed gear, moves the feed gear out of engagement with the main drive gear and into the position wherein it is prevented from rotating. The apparatus also includes a yieldable stop device that holds the feed gear stopped during retraction movement.

Abstract: The automatic feed drill includes a spindle mounted therein for rotating and reciprocating movement. The spindle is rotated by a spindle rotation gear that is engaged with the main drive gear which is ultimately driven by an air motor or the like. The feed and retraction movement (reciprocation) is caused by a spindle feed gear that is threaded onto the spindle. The spindle feed gear is engaged with a feed gear which, during normal feed movement, is driven by the main drive gear, and during retraction and rapid feed movement, is shifted into a position wherein the feed gear is prevented from rotating. During rapid feed the motor direction is reversed by a reversing valve. The apparatus also includes a yieldable stop device that holds the feed gear stopped during retraction and rapid feed movement.

Abstract: This invention relates to means for connecting a male part with a female part, the male part being provided with a shaft that shall be inserted into a corresponding cavity in the female part and is retained there by means of a frictional device, the female part being to transmit a torsional moment to the male part.

Abstract: A compact boring tool has a support base with a pair of blocks mounted thereon to mount a work piece and a feed support block spaced apart therefrom having a threaded opening for supporting a feed screw. The feed screw has threads matching the threaded opening of the support block and a quill rotatably mounted through its center, the quill having a socket head for being driven and a shank end for receiving and securing a drill bit or drill chuck. A locking pin selectively locks the quill to the feed screw to provide for power backing out of the feed screw and quill after a hole has been drilled in the work. A support plate attachment is provided for converting the boring tool for surface boring operation.

Abstract: A portable boring tool for refinishing the seal ring seats on ball valves is provided with a base plate which is mounted on top of the valve. A housing is supported by the base plate in a manner that permits linear movement of the housing. The housing contains gearing for transmitting motion from an input shaft above the base plate to a cutter assembly drive shaft below the base plate. The cutter assembly drive shaft rotates an automatically indexing cutter head assembly to cut successively smaller circles of material from the surface being refinished. A handwheel and feed screw arrangement is provided for moving the housing and cutter head assembly along a linear path. A micrometer is provided for limiting the depth of cut to be taken into the surface being refinished.

Abstract: Manually operable tool means includes a frame formed at one side with an apertured work piece holder, and at an opposite side with an internally threaded shaft housing in which is adjustably mounted tool supporting means and a tool element. The tool element in the form of a drill, for example, while engaged with a work piece supported in the holder is turned by means of a spring loaded handle. The tool supporting means consists in a tubular adapter sleeve which is in threaded engagement with the internally threaded housing, and which is provided with a pressure-transmitting collar against which the handle engages. The tool shaft is rotatably mounted in the adapter sleeve and has the tool element detachably secured at one end. A range of pressures may be exerted through the tool element while cutting by varying the angular position of the handle against the collar as the tool is manually turned.

Abstract: An invention relating to a device adapted to connect a branch line to a main pipeline without interrupting flow of fluid through the mainline. The device includes a pair of tubular, cutter-containing portions and a branch line connection. The device further includes the means to pressure test the branch line prior to the actual cutting or tapping into the mainline.