Abstract: A bowl cutter for enlarging cylinder head valve bowls and the like that includes at least one cutting blade with first and second cutting edges. The bowl cutter further includes a body with at least one cutter mount including a clamp that securely holds the cutting blade at a preselected angular position. The cutting blade is pivotably connected to the body for angular adjustment of the cutting blade, and the clamp securely holds the cutting blade at a selected angular position wherein the first cutting edge is positioned to remove material from the base portion of an associated valve bowl, and the second cutting edge is positioned to remove material from a sidewall portion of an associated valve bowl.

Abstract: A paddle fitting tool for drilling a hole through a wing spar inserted into a paddle fitting where the paddle fitting has a top fork with a hole and a bottom fork also having a hole approximately aligned with the hole in the top fork. The paddle fitting tool couples a drill to a nut runner using a saddle. The nut runner is operable to clamp the paddle fitting to securably hold the paddle fitting and wing spar stationary during drilling. The drill is operable to hold a drill bit and to drill a hole in the wing spar. The saddle couples the nut runner to the drill such that the hole drilled through the wing spar is approximately concentric with the hole in the top fork and the hole in the bottom fork of the paddle fitting.

Abstract: A feed-shaft moving method and an apparatus capable of reducing non-cutting motion time. In a first section and a second section, an immediately preceding path is connected with a rapid traverse by a rapid traverse motion path having a curve continuous with the immediately preceding path. The movement is accelerated up to a rapid traverse speed while passing the curve. In the first section, the path is connected with the next path by a rapid traverse path having a curve continuous with the next movement. The movement is decelerated to the next moving speed while passing the curve. The rapid traverse motion of the feed shaft can be completed in less time, with unnecessary interruption and with no impact on the machine.

Abstract: A pivoting drill press mount is provided for enabling the user to drill at a desired angle into a workpiece. The mounting system has a column base, an upper column, and a pivot attaching the two columns to allow the upper column to be rotated to either side. The upper column is supported by an angle adjustment ram and a positive slide lock for safety. The assembly is bolted to a support surface. The upper column provides for interchangeable drill press heads by means of a connecting column.

Abstract: A hand held drill press (20) is shown for a drill motor (30) having a clamping collar (44) and a drill bit (26). The drill motor is mounted in a movable jaw (56) which is moved along a slide bar (52) toward a fixed jaw (54) by squeezing a trigger (58) against a handle (100) of the movable jaw. A work piece (24) placed between the fixed jaw and the drill bit is drilled as the trigger is squeezed.

Abstract: A method that eliminates or reduces chatter when plunge cutting with boring cutters at different diameters, different tool geometries, different chip loads and different cutting depths, by computing optimal cutting insert locations and relocating such inserts to such optimal cutting locations with different phase angles therebetween; this minimizes the resultant radial force of the combined cutters.

Abstract: A printed circuit board working machine includes a spindle which holds a cutting tool and is movable to bring the tool into contact with and away from a printed-circuit board to be worked. A device for pressing down the printed-circuit board comprises a support mechanism associated with the spindle of the working machine for relative movement thereto, a plurality of holding sections movably supported by the mechanism and a driving mechanism for the holding sections. The holding sections are formed with holes of different sizes, respectively. When working operation, after the support mechanism causes the holding sections to move away to a position free from interference with the tool, the driving mechanism moves the holding sections to align one of the through holes, corresponding to a size of the tool to be used, with the tool.

Abstract: A device (10) for use in combination with a hole saw (12) of the type including a cylindrical hollow body (14) having a circular lower cutting edge (16), a top mandrel (18) with a shank (20) in engagement with a chuck (22) of a drill (24) and a pilot bit (26) for guiding the hole saw (12) when cutting a new opening in a workpiece (28) having a predrilled opening (30), in which the center of the new opening lies within the predrilled opening (30). The device (10) comprises a dowel plug (32) having a plurality of holes (34) therethrough. The dowel plug (32) is inserted into the predrilled opening (30), so that the pilot bit (26) of the hole saw (12) can be positioned in a rotatable manner into one of the holes (34) in the dowel plug (32) on center or off center with the predrilled opening (30) in the workpiece (28).

Abstract: A drill bit is provided with a cylindrical body portion fabricated from a plastic material. The body portion is fastened in concentric, end to end relation to a cylindrical cutter fabricated from a metallic material and having an array of cutting elements disposed thereon. The body portion and cutter are preferably tubular, wherein the cutting elements are disposed in an annular array, to facilitate core or crown drilling operations. The wall thickness of the tubular body portion may be increased relative that of the cutter to compensate for wear during drilling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and device for detecting and/or compensating for static jointing and wear errors in the fine drilling of workpieces by means of an adjusting tool (18) bearing an adjustable cutting insert (28) and capable of being clamped to a machine shaft (14). According to the invention, before a drilling or a series thereof is made, the diameter of the circle of travel of a radially outer cutting edge (44) of the cutting insert (28) is measured on the clamped adjusting tool with the machine shaft (14) rotating and evaluated within the adjusting tool (18) for adjustment purposes.

Abstract: A boring tool for the fine finishing of surfaces of holes having at least one cutting bit and at least one guide ledge which are introduced and fixed in place in grooves arranged in the circumferential surface of the base body of the boring tool, characterized by the fact that a setting device is provided which is positively coupled with at least two cutting bits associated with each other; that the cutting bits are arranged displaceable by means of the setting device in the base body with respect to the circumferential surface; that the association of the cutting bits consists in that they are displaceable in opposite directions, with respect to the axis of rotation or center line of the boring tool; and that the setting device in each case displaces one cutting bit into a working position and the other cutting bit into a position of rest.

Abstract: There is a need for an efficient cutter to cut openings in drywall for electrical switch and outlet boxes. Existing cutters typically press out an opening and consequently require great hand supplied force and use of a back plate which must be positioned behind the wallboard.

Abstract: An improved drilling device for drilling normal holes in a workpiece surface is carried and positioned by an automatic control arm. The improved drilling device includes a compliant drill head generally comprising a drill housing and a pressure foot. The pressure foot for contacting the workpiece surface is connected to the drill housing at a universally swiveling joint. The drill housing encloses a drill drive means that advances and rotates a drill tool about a drill axis. Both the pressure foot and the drill housing have axial chambers and holes for permitting the drill tool to advance to the workpiece surface. Linear gauges mounted to the drill housing probe the orientation of the pressure foot relative to the drill housing.

Abstract: In a petroleum coking drum, a drill stem guide latches internally to a structure adjacent the drum opening, rather than externally to a flange about the drum opening. In preferred embodiments, the latching mechanism is spring loaded, and operated automatically as a function of raising and lowering the guide.

Abstract: A drill according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises a shank from which the drill is driven; a body connected to the shank, the body having a surface; a flute in the body; a cutting edge at a drill point; and a peripheral relief surface which extends outwardly from the surface of the body to an outer circumference of the drill, wherein the peripheral relief surface, for a cross section of the drill perpendicular to a drill axis, intersects the outer circumference at a peripheral point at an edge of the flute. The drill has an improved capacity to withstand a loss of coolant during drilling without severe overheating of the drill or workpiece and with little damage to the drill and workpiece.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for forming a plurality of parts, such as spade-type boring bits, from a continuous stock material. Thus, the various steps of the forming method of the present invention can be performed to predetermined portions of the continuous stock material, prior to separating the continuous stock material into a number of discrete parts. The efficiency of the forming process is enhanced since individual parts need not be individually transported and oriented during the forming operations. By not requiring that the individual parts be separately transported and oriented during the forming operations, the quality of the parts formed by the forming method and apparatus of the present invention will also be enhanced since such separate transportation and orientation of individual parts generally increases the opportunities for misalignment and contributes to poor tolerance control during the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A method and machine for repairing overhead cam engine cylinder heads and the like. The method includes the steps of removing the caps from the bases of the bearing towers or housings, removing material from the legs of the caps to reduce their height, replacing the caps on the bases, and boring the resulting bearings to produce bearings of the proper diameter. The machine includes a device for machining a bearing cap and a device for boring the bearings. The device for boring the bearings has a boring bar that is supported only at opposite ends of the cylinder head. The bar does not sag or chatter because it is made of an extremely hard and dense material such as a dense tungsten alloy or a ceramic-coated metal.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel having a hand hole extending from a first surface to a second surface. The hand hole has a zone of a minimum dimension intermediate the first surface and the second surface. The hand hole is preferably tapered from the first surface to the minimum dimension zone and tapered from the second surface to the minimum dimension zone. Associated methods of making the vehicle wheel are also provided.

Abstract: There is now provided a method of machining and shaping a through opening in a fiber-reinforced composite material starting from a preformed hole. At least one rotation symmetrical milling body with a substantially smaller diameter than that of the preformed hole is placed in that hole and the opening is machined and shaped by the milling body partly rotating around its own axis, partly by a translational movement relative to the edge of the opening. According to the method, the fiber-reinforced material is oriented in such a way that the axis of rotation of the milling body is essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fibers at the edge of the opening. The size and/or form of the finished opening differs significantly from that of the preformed hole. The radial spread of the damages and/or the defects define a lower limit for the amount of material removed.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved loose tenon joint with multiple arculate mortise surfaces and similarly configured loose tenon member for woodworking applications. A jig is provided arranged to be secured to a workpiece where the jig axially guides a drill bit for boring a series of adjoining holes forming a mortise. The first jig embodiment manipulates a slidable guide bar maintaining longitudinally spaced drill guide holes and two index holes. A hand held drill is used to bore a series of holes (fixtured by the drill guide holes) into the workpiece. A second series of holes are bored (completing the mortise) after the drill guide is translated and secured to the second index hole. A second embodiment is provided including a stationary jig body arranged to be secured to a workpiece. An elongated opening in the jig body supports a drill guide with longitudinally spaced drill guide holes. A hand held drill is used to bore a series of holes (fixtured by the drill guide holes) into the workpiece.

Abstract: A thread repair tool and method of manufacturing are disclosed, along with a method for repairing damaged threads of a bolt, stud, or the like. The thread repair tool includes a pair of chaser sections each having a threaded inner diameter to match the threads of the bolt or stud to be repaired. Each chaser section has a tapered outer diameter and a longitudinal keyway in the tapered outer diameter. A driver is provided in which its inner diameter is tapered to match the outer diameter of the chaser sections. The tapered driver and chaser sections are locked together with a pair of keys, and the arrangement provides positive, force transferring engagement between the driver, the chaser sections, and the bolt or stud. The arrangement translates longitudinal pressure applied to the driver into radial pressure forcing the chaser sections tightly against the bolt or stud to be repaired.

Abstract: This invention provides a system for using a portable tool for assisting the making of holes in installed pipes, such as water pipes and the like, to prepare for interconnected piping. Such system preferably utilizes a hole saw guide bushing which is contained in a clamp-head at the end of the fixed jaw of a "Vise-Grip.TM."-like device. Such clamp-head accommodates various sizes of guide bushings and hole-saws for making various size holes in various size pipes. Other features assist accurate hole positioning, e.g., horizontal and vertical levels, center marks, and V-shaped holding surfaces on the clamp-heads.

Abstract: A drilling tool having a cylindrical body with a central axis. A first cutting insert with a cutting edge extending from a datum plane from a position about half way between the central axis and the outer edge of the holes and extending toward the first end of the tool at a first acute angle and a second cutting insert extending from the datum plane extending generally outwardly at a second acute angle substantially less than the first acute angle so that the cutting path of the second insert intersects the cutting path of the first insert whereby four chips are cut by the cutting tool.

Abstract: A door drilling fixture for drilling a long straight longitudinal hole in a door. The fixture includes an elongated frame having a U-shaped cross-section for mounting about the hinged edge of a door and an arm projecting from and pivotally engaged to the frame for guiding a long drill bit. The door is placed between the right and left sections and the door edge flat against the center section of the U-shaped frame. Two hold-down bolts thread through upper and lower portions of the left section of the U-shaped frame to press the door against the right section of the U-shaped frame. Slots in the frame mechanically isolate the upper and lower portions of the left section from the middle portion of the center section. The arm houses two spaced apart drill bushings having a center line for rotationally engaging and guiding the drill bit through the drill bit aperture and into the edge of a door.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for cutting a workpiece with a cutting tool rotated relative to the workpiece by an electric drive motor and advanced in that workpiece by an electric tool advance. These methods and apparatus sense obstacles to cutting in the workpiece by sensing an increasing draw of electric power of the electric drive motor in rotating the cutting tool relative to that workpiece, and automatically slow down the electric tool advance in response to such increasing draw of electric power. Such slowed-down electric tool advance drives the cutting tool to cut through the sensed obstacle in the workpiece. The speed of the slowed-down electric tool advance is automatically restored in response to a decrease in the sensed draw of electric power of the electric drive motor in rotating the cutting tool relative to the workpiece, and the cutting tool is advanced in the workpiece with the electric tool advance at the restored speed.

Abstract: An overlay sheet having a first thin layer of a polymer material joined to a second thin layer of a hard material such as a phenolic, melamine or metal foil. The sheet is applied to a surface of a printed circuit board such that the metal foil is against the board surface, and the first layer is exposed to receive the drill bit. During drilling operations, the drill bit is advanced initially through the softer first layer of the polymer material, immobilizing the tip of the drill bit against lateral movement, then through the harder layer, and finally through the printed circuit board. The harder layer prevents formation of burrs, and the polymer material inhibits drill bit wander.

Abstract: An improved device and method for use in machining a workpiece, which includes a tool body with a machining tool having two machining surface, wherein one of the machining surfaces is being selectively movable between a retracted position and an extended position. A supporting mechanism is sized and configured to substantially restrict movement of the machining tool relative to the tool body while the one machining surface is positioned in the retracted position. Preferably, the supporting mechanism includes an interior surface having a frustoconical-shaped tapered configuration, and the reciprocable machining surface has an engageable surface sized and configured to be frictionally engaged against the interior surface. In a preferred embodiment, the interior surface has an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the tool body from about 20 to about 50 degrees, and more preferably about 40 degrees.

Abstract: A device and method for boring pocket-holes in frame members having a miter joint to prepare them for final assembly. Two frame members are placed on the positioning frame of the invention and clamped against the positioning frame and together at the miter joint with a moveable clamp, which has a clamp member having resilient clamping pads to contact the face surfaces of the picture frame members. The clamp member also includes a guide assembly which causes the clamping pads to apply clamping force to each of the frame members to hold them securely and to urge them together at the miter joint. A drill assembly supports a drill bit and carries the drill bit along a path to drill a pocket-hole having a centerline passing through the frame member on the first surface, passing obliquely across the miter joint and into the frame member on the second surface.

Abstract: A compost aerator and monitor which has a cylindrical helical screw, preferably with a sharpened first end. The diameter of the cylindrical helix and the tightness of the windings are selected so as, when the screw is inserted into a compost pile, to create a core of compost material that is sufficiently large to be cohesive and representative but not so large that the weight of the core will cause the core to fall from the screw when such screw is withdrawn from the compost pile. Attached to the second end of the screw is a handle with sufficient leverage to enable the screw to be turned rapidly and, consequently, rapidly introduced into a compost pile and to preclude the screw from rotating as the screw is withdrawn from the pile, thereby retaining the core of compost material. Optionally, either a traditional brace or a traditional power drill can replace the simple handle; and a shaft can be inserted between the screw and the handle or the brace.

Abstract: Connectors having multiple posts upstanding from a common cross-connection bus are produced by a method that includes the steps of making an extrusion that encompasses the end projection of the connector including the bus and the posts, and then using hollow end-milling cutters to form the posts.

Abstract: A hole preparation apparatus for back drilling, upsizing and reaming mating precision holes. The apparatus includes three main sections--a tubular body section, a base and a drive shaft assembly.The drive shaft assembly includes an upper portion sized to be received in the chuck of a conventional pneumatic or electric drill, a lower portion sized to be received in the bore of the tubular body. An internal threaded drill receiving socket is disposed at a lower end of the lower portion of the drive shaft. A coil retractor spring is located in the central bore of the tubular body section. A removable pilot drill is received in the drill receiving socket. A pilot drill bushing is located in the bottom end of the bore of the tubular body. An opener drill is changeable with the pilot drill and is received in the drill receiving socket when the pilot drill is removed. An opener drill bushing, is changeable with the pilot drill bushing.

Abstract: A compact coupling reaming apparatus and method for reaming coupling bolt holes of a rotor coupling. The apparatus includes a fixture plate for mounting the apparatus to the face of the coupling via a plurality of the coupling bolt holes. The apparatus also includes a drill axially slidably, radially slidably, and axially rotatably mounted to the fixture plate. During the reaming process, the drill is first aligned with the center of a first coupling bolt hole, the drill having a fixed distance from an axis of the rotor after being aligned with the center of the first coupling bolt hole. After reaming the first coupling bolt hole, the drill is aligned with a center of the holes and all other coupling bolt holes to be reamed by axially rotating the drill to the center of the second coupling bolt hole while maintaining the fixed distance of the drill from the axis of the rotor.

Abstract: A line laser assisted alignment apparatus that uses two laser line generators to define a reference axis that is aligned to coincide with an axis of a drill bit or other rotational tool. The reference axis of the alignment apparatus is matched with a marked position on a lower surface of an object that is to be worked by the drill bit or other rotational tool.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cutting device for making holes, in particular holes in walls of hollow bodies made of plastic material, comprising a mount to which a cutting tool for cutting out a hole is secured, the mount being rotatably driven and performing an axial feeding motion, and an engaging member penetrating a disk which becomes separated in cutting the hole, the engaging member centrically penetrating the disk with respect to the periphery of the hole and withdrawing the separated disk which is then removed from the engaging member. The engaging member is axially displaceable and rotatably driven independent of the cutting tool and includes a self-cutting threaded profile turned into the disk before starting the cutting operation of the cutting tool and engaging the disk by forming a thread by means of the self-cutting thread of the engaging member.

Abstract: There is provided a method of cutting an ellipse contour in a numerically-controlled machine tool which can to cut a target ellipse precisely while considering the diameter of the tool, and to machine a three-dimensional ellipse surface as well as a rotated ellipse locus. This method is for controlling the coordinate position of a tool T such that the velocity of the contact point of the tool with the workpiece W in a tangential direction becomes constant with an eccentric angle .theta. relative to the major axis of the ellipse E as a parameter. This method comprises the step of controlling the coordinate position (x.sub.n, y.sub.n) of the center of the tool to track along the path being away from the ellipse E in the normal direction by a distance corresponding to the radius r of the tool.

Abstract: Reamers, when operated with large amounts of material removed and at high reaming speeds, encounter difficulties when they ream in material in which permanent structural changes occur on the application of heat and subsequent rapid cooling. These difficulties are avoided in that the transition region between the main cutting edge and the minor cutting edge follows a constantly curved path at least one end region of which runs tangentially to at least the minor cutting edge.

Abstract: For the connection of the sheets of a multi-sheet printed product (14), such as magazines, brochures and the like, the sheets are adhesively connected together point-wise by the introduction of an adhesive into perforations formed in them. During this, the adhesive applied to the outer side of the penetration and drilling needles (20) is transferred onto the sheets over the whole length of the perforations simultaneously with the formation of the perforations by means of these needles (20) and/or on retraction of the needles (20).

Abstract: A process for adjusting an effective tool diameter D and an effective tilt angle .alpha. of a cutting tool to a stipulated tool diameter and a stipulated tilt angle, respectively. The cutting tool includes a cutting blade disposed on a shaft and defining a cutting point and a cutting edge tilted by the effective tilt angle with respect to a rotational axis of the shaft, and a guide element disposed on the shaft opposite the cutting blade and defining a guide point and a guide line, the cutting point and the guide point being disposed on a cutting plane of the cutting tool. The process includes the steps of utilizing a measurement arrangement including a camera and a measurement slide supporting the camera; moving the measurement arrangement for acquiring the guide point on the camera; and moving the measurement arrangement to the cutting point for acquiring the cutting point on the camera.

Abstract: A back-up board for use in drilling holes in printed circuit boards is disclosed. The inventive back-up board comprises outer layers of paper impregnated with a high-density resin, and a core consisting of alternating layers of paper impregnated with low-density resin and dry paper.

Abstract: A padlock holder is provided for receiving the body of a padlock and maintaining the padlock body at a predetermined location within the holder. When the padlock body is at that location the tumbler mechanism of the padlock is in registry with a hole formed in the holder. A drill bit is positioned in the opening to drill through the padlock body and the tumbler mechanism so that the padlock can be opened.

Abstract: The device presents a number of supports associated with a number of machining heads and located at the front of the machine. For each machining head, the supports are located on two superimposed surfaces for respectively supporting a pack of boards for loading and a pack of boards unloaded off the work table. The supports are fitted to a frame which is moved vertically to position the two surfaces at the table, and which is also movable laterally for enabling access to the machine. The device also presents a cross member movable along the Y axis; and a number of arms for alternately engaging two opposite edges of the packs and transferring them between the table and the supports. The arms are connected to a common connecting rod which is moved to rotate and withdraw them clear of the packs during the idle movement of the cross member.

Abstract: Holes are drilled into work pieces which are inconvenient to be mounted in a conventional machine shop drill press. Walking of the drill bit is controlled by an alignment guide 40 placed at the surface of the work piece which axially stabilizes the drill bit while it rotates. Downward axial force is applied to the drill bit by a screw action which translates rotational force applied by a wrench into an axial force. The device may be affixed to the work piece by clamping or spot welding. Downward axial force is applied by way of a pair of threadably engaged cylinders 42, 44. The outer cylinder 42 is integral with a plate 32 which is affixed to the work piece. The inner cylinder 44 has a portion 46 where rotational force may be applied. When the inner cylinder 44 is caused to rotate, the rotational force is translated into axial force by the threaded engagement of the inner cylinder 44 with the outer cylinder 42.

Abstract: A tool attachment assembly having a housing with a central axis, a toolholder with a tool carrying portion and a mounting portion spaced axially from the tool carrying portion, a projection on one of the housing and mounting portion of the tool holder, and a receptacle on the other of the housing and mounting portion of the tool holder for receiving the projection so that the housing and the tool holder reside at least partially, one within the other, with the tool holder in an operative state on the housing. There are axially facing first and second surfaces, one each on the housing and the mounting portion of the tool holder, that extend at least partially around the central axis and are abuttable to each other to limit movement of the tool holder axially towards the housing with the tool holder in the operative state. At least one of the first and second surfaces is other than parallel to a plane that is orthogonal to the central axis.

Abstract: The spade-type boring bit includes an elongate shank defining a central longitudinal axis and a blade portion joined to one end of the shank and including a pair of generally flat side segments extending laterally from the central longitudinal axis. Each side segment includes a respective forward cutting edge which are aligned with each other along a centerline which passes through the central longitudinal axis of the elongate shaft so as to increase the efficiency with which the spade bit drills. The spade bit also includes a spur joined to and extending axially from the forward end of the blade portion. The spur can include spur cutting edges separated radially, angularly and, in some instances, longitudinally or axially from the forward cutting edge of the adjacent side segment to prevent accumulation of chip swarf between the spur cutting edge and the adjacent forward cutting edge.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of producing holes or recesses in a workpiece of fiber reinforced materials using a rotary tool, preferably a rotary end mill, comprising a rear shaft portion and an integral forward cutting portion having a central axis. The cutting portion is a sintered body having at least a pair of longitudinally extending flutes and a corresponding pair of cutting edges made of diamond or cubic boron nitride at the circumference adjacent each flute so as to define the diameter of said tool. The tool is rotated about an axis and fed along said axis until the initial penetration of the tool is made whereby the tool supported after the initial penetration so that its central axis rotates eccentrically to the feed axis of the tool by a distance sufficient to drill a hole of a desired diameter greater than the diameter of the tool. The tool is fed in said direction until the hole has been completed.

Abstract: An integrated tooling system and technique wherein the tool shaft serves as its own spindle and is provided on its surface with hydrostatic bearing grooves for permitting spinning within a supporting bore, and with the shaft connected at its rear end internally with a driving fluid turbine to form an in-line integrated high speed high power tooling system.

Abstract: Method of direction control consisting in producing one or more parallel reference lines (7,8) that may be manipulated in such a way that their directions become parallel to the intended direction and with the help of plane mirrors making images (9,10) of the reference lines and images (12,13) of the object the straightening up of which is to be controlled. Implement for use at the method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for positioning tooling with respect to a curvilinear workpiece which is curved in a first direction extending along a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the workpiece and which is curved in a second direction extending along a plane to the workpiece longitudinal axis, the degree of curvature in the first direction being greater than the degree of curvature in the second direction. An illustrative example is automatic drilling, inserting and upsetting one or two piece fasteners such as exterior skin rivets on an airplane fuselage. Inner and outer positioning systems carry or support inner and outer tooling, respectively, which engage the workpiece from opposite sides thereof during tooling operations thereon.

Abstract: A hole saw arbor includes an arbor body defining an axial rotation axis and has, at one end, a shank for mounting to a drill chuck, and at the other end, a hole saw receiving, axially directed, threaded shaft. The arbor includes a thrust member coaxially received by the arbor body such that the thrust member is movable in the direction of the rotation axis. The arbor further has at least one movable pin retained by the arbor body in the direction of the threaded shaft for engaging a corresponding hole in a bottom surface of the hole saw, to prevent rotation of the hole saw relative to the arbor body; and an adjustable locking member for locking the thrust member against the bottom surface of the hole saw. Thereby the hole saw, when engaged by the thrust member and the at least one pin, does not wobble off-axis.

Abstract: A machining process is shown and described. The process entails removing the water pump from the front of the block and replacing it with a block-off unit. The cylinder head is removed and replaced by left and right torque plates that are attached to each side of the block. The torque plates provide fluid connection of the smaller coolant passages on each side of the block with one another. The boring process is performed on the engine block when such engine block has been heated to a temperature at or near its operating temperature via the fluid passages. A boring machine may enter the cylinder bores thorough larger openings in each torque plate. The main bearing support (caps) can also be align bored during this process.