Abstract: A hybrid washer has an essentially disk-shaped body having an outer ring, an inner ring, and a bore extending through the inner ring. The outer ring has an engagement surface having a plurality of wedges with each wedge having a raised edge that extends radially and perpendicularly from a longitudinal axis projecting through the bore. The inner ring has a pair of spaced-apart essentially flat surfaces in overlying relation with one another. The wedges form a plurality of crests contoured to frictionally engage a mating surface from a locking washer to fix the locking washer against the hybrid washer.

Abstract: A retaining wave spring includes a first open-loop that has a wall that is substantially planar. The retaining wave spring also includes a second open-loop continuing from an end portion of the first open-loop. The second open-loop has a wall having curved portions. An outer diameter of the first open-loop and an outer diameter of the second open-loop have different sizes.

Abstract: A fastener assembly includes a threaded fastener having an axial shaft. A spring is disposed coaxially around the shaft and is capable of compression and expansion in the longitudinal direction defined by the shaft. First and second stops are disposed along the shaft. The spring is pre-compressed and is disposed between the stops so that its expansion is limited by the stops. One end of the spring is mechanically coupled to a work piece. When the fastener is turned, relative displacement develops between the shaft and the work piece. The displacement causes the spring to further compress as the work piece end of the spring and the second stop move away from one another. The force of the compressed spring is transferred to the work piece.

Abstract: A fastening device (20), for use in holding a base plate down to a railway sleeper. The device is of the type having a head portion (21), a screw-threaded shank portion (22) and an intermediate portion (23) connecting the head portion (21) to the screw-threaded shank portion (22), with the intermediate portion (23) and the screw-threaded shank portion (22) being of smaller diameter than the head portion (21).

Abstract: A method of wall construction using a compressive fastener for log building construction which acts to continuously maintain pressure between individual logs in a building wall which includes a plurality of logs in stacked configuration. Logs are joined by boring a row of bores in the top log and counterboring each bore as a receptacle for the head of the fastener and a concentric spring assembly, the bores being larger than the shank of the fastener as well as the spring assembly to allow the fasteners to freely vertically expand and contract. Once the bored log is stacked and aligned on the log immediately below it, the fasteners are inserted into the boreholes and driven or tightened until the spring assembly is partially compressed and the fastener heads are below the upper surface of the upper log. The compressive fasteners pull the logs together to overcome long-term shrinkage and the continuous expanding and contracting caused by climatic changes.

Abstract: An improved vehicle ventilating window assembly which includes a non-circular pivot rod fitted within a circular opening in the window frame. A washer having spaced projections thereon is provided to fill the spaces created within the opening when the rod is inserted, thereby allowing a snug fit of the window within the frame with little or no transverse movement of the window with respect to the frame.

Abstract: A channel nut for space framing systems characterized by having a pair of outwardly and downwardly extending arms which form a channel, a machine nut which is securely fastened thereto, and a resilient spring projecting upwardly from the machine nut. Such channel nuts are used to thread bolts into space framing members to secure lighting fixtures and the like into ceilings particularly for commercial utilization in plants and other buildings. The channel framing may be extended horizontally or vertically, and the channel nut must have some ability to withstand lateral thrusts so that it grips firmly into slots of the channel framing.The channel nuts of this invention include ordinary machine nuts of the square, hexagonal or elongated rectangular type, which are projection welded to the saddle to strengthen it.

Abstract: Spacers are used where added bolt length is advantageous. Such spacers are usually one piece and are formed from tubing having a solid cylindrical wall which often splits or yields when stressed by highly torqued bolts. An improved spacer (10) is formed from wound coil (12) to form a spiral walled cylindrical body (20) having advantageous over prior spacers. Each spiral (14) includes a portion (26) which abuts each adjacent spiral (14) and a portion (30) which is free of such abutment.