Abstract: A turbine shell assembly includes radially inner and outer shell components; axial alignment fits on the inner and outer shell components, each alignment fit comprising a male fit component on one of the inner and outer shell components and a female fit component on the other of the inner and outer shell components, the female fit component comprising a pair of flanges forming a U-shaped channel with opposed faces, and the male fit component comprising a projection received within the U-shaped channel; and a pair of axial alignment keys, each key having a mounting flange for securement along an outer edge of a respective one of the pair of flanges and an alignment flange engaged along a respective one of the opposed faces.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air output unit in connection with a tempering station in a tempering plant for glass panels, and to a method for manufacturing the unit. An equipment bay (3) has its walls (32), roof (33), and floor (31) designed and dimensioned as a shipping container, wherein air output equipment (4) is set up and secured prior to shipping to a working site. Since the fan room enclosing an air output unit functions at the same time as a shipping container for the air output unit, the repeated loading and unloading of air output equipment is avoided. The workload required for shipping and assembling is substantially reduced.

Abstract: A steam turbine has a turbine shaft directed along a turbine axis. A plurality of turbine stages, each include a guide-blade structure and a moving-blade configuration located axially downstream of the guide-blade structure. The guide-blade structure and the moving-blade configuration are provided along the turbine shaft. Each stage has an average reaction degree achievable between 5% and 70%. The reaction degree of at least two turbine stages is of different values.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a turbine housing (1) having an inner housing (2) which is surrounded by an outer housing (3), the inner housing (2) and the outer housing (3) each having a first, upper partial region (5) and a second, lower partial region (6), and having an inner-housing outer surface (7) and an outer-housing inner surface (8) which are positioned opposite one another, with a distance between them. At least in a part of the first partial region (5), the inner-housing outer surface (7) has a lower heat transfer through radiation to the opposite outer-housing inner surface (8) than at least in a part of the second partial region (6) of the inner-housing outer surface (7). This can be achieved by means of suitable surface coatings in the respective regions which have different absorption and/or emission coefficients (a1, a2).

Abstract: A steam turbine includes a rotor which extends along a longitudinal axis and having at least two different pressure turbine portions disposed around and along the rotor. Each of the turbine portions has multiple stages. A casing encloses the rotor and has at least one steam inlet. A dummy ring is provided stationarily around the rotor to separate and seal between the two different pressure turbine portions. The dummy ring defines nozzle chamber for receiving the steam from the steam inlet port and a plurality of nozzles for directing the steam from the nozzle chamber toward the higher pressure turbine portion. The dummy ring and the casing define a space therebetween. The space is fluidly connected to the higher pressure turbine portion. A steam passage extends between the space and a steam passage downstream of the last stage of the higher pressure turbine portion.

Abstract: A steam turbine has a high-pressure turbine section and a medium-pressure turbine section fluidically connected to the high-pressure turbine section. The high-pressure turbine section is a chamber configuration and the medium-pressure turbine section is a drum configuration. Alternatively, the high-pressure turbine section is a drum configuration and the medium-pressure turbine section is a chamber configuration. Alternatively, or additionally, the high-pressure turbine section is a double-flow configuration and the medium-pressure turbine section is a double-flow configuration.

Abstract: The steam turbine has an exhaust-steam casing that can be adapted to various combinations of an inlet casing, connected upstream of the exhaust-steam casing, and a condenser especially simply while maintaining favorable flow properties of the exhaust steam. To this end, the outer jacket of the exhaust-steam casing has a first jacket part in the shape of a cylindrical jacket, which is connected via a stiffening ring to a second jacket part in the shape of a conical jacket. A guide element in the shape of a conical jacket is arranged on the stiffening ring in order to direct the exhaust-steam flow inside the outer jacket.

Abstract: A turbine casing has an inner casing and an outer casing which surrounds the inner casing to form an intermediate space. In order to avoid a casing distortion, a forced flow of a medium located within the intermediate space is provided. A method is also described which relates to avoiding a temperature based casing distortion during the shut-down of a turbine.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner includes a driven impeller that moves working air for the vacuum cleaner. A first housing includes a first wall and a second housing includes a second wall opposite the first wall, and an outlet for the working air. The impeller rotates and draws the working air through an opening and directs the working air radially outwardly toward the first wall and then through an annular passage formed between the first wall and the second wall. The annular passage restricts the flow of working are to provide back pressure on the impeller.

Abstract: A method for thrust compensation on a corresponding turbomachine, in particular a turbo engine of pot-type construction. The turbomachine has an outer casing and an inner casing or blade carrier. At least one first area of an exterior of part of the inner casing is divided for axial thrust compensation into two partial areas for axial thrust compensation. Each of the two partial areas is subjected to a different pressure and the separation between the two pressures is brought about by at least one means, in particular a seal.

Abstract: Shrouds (40) surrounding a stage of turbine blades (44) are cooled by a compressor airflow which is led to the downstream end of the shrouds before contacting them. The airflow passes through apertures (56) in plates (50) then over the shrouds (40) in an upstream direction, to exit from apertures (62) in the shrouds (40) in parallel with and in the same direction as the gasflow. Airflow needed is reduced relative to prior art needs, resulting in improved engine efficiency, and ejection of the air does not disturb the gasflow.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine casing includes a plurality of coaxially interconnected ring members each provided with a flange at each of their axial extents to facilitate interconnection of the ring members by bolts; each ring member is provided with an integral array of inwardly directed stator vanes and carries an abradable sealing material to cooperate with the tips of rotor blades of the engine.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a low-pressure steam turbine connected to a condenser and to reduce its cost of manufacture.According to the invention this is achieved when the dividing plane (8) of the top and bottom part (6, 7) of the outer casing (1) of the low-pressure steam turbine lies at the level of the axis (9) of the turbine rotor (4) and the concrete foundation (14) reaches up to the dividing plane (8). Both the bottom part (7) of the outer casing (1) and the bearing points (10) of the turbine rotor (4) are secured in the concrete foundation (14). The outer casing (1) is designed to be open at least on one side at right angles to and horizontally to the axis (9) of the turbine rotor (4). A condenser (16) is attached to each lateral opening (17) in the outer casing (1).

Abstract: In a steam turbine, which essentially comprises a bladed rotor (2), an outer casing (4), at least one inner casing (3), a live-steam line (8) for inflowing steam (13), a valve (22) for setting the quantity of inflowing steam (13), and an exhaust-steam line (19) for the outflowing steam (17), the valve (22) is arranged in a connection piece (4a) of the outer casing (4). The part of the valve housing (10) to which the inflowing steam (13) is admitted is surrounded with steam, which fills the space (18) between inner casing (3) and outer casing (4).

Abstract: The reheat tub 10 in a double-flow steam turbine is provided with additional setback from the rotor buckets 16 by forming a three-part reheat tub construction including first and second discrete diaphragm segments 26a and third inner ring segments 28a. The annular arrays of these segments are dimensioned to enable greater axial spacing between the nozzles and buckets. To refurbish an in-service double-flow turbine, the damaged reheat tub is removed and cut along axial and radial part lines to form discrete first and second diaphragm segments. The diaphragm segment nozzles are then refurbished by machining an arcuate hook 46 with a tapered surface 48 on the inner ring portion. The annulus 28 is provided with a complementary hook 50 and tapered surface 52. The diaphragm and annulus segments 26a and 28a are aligned end-to-end and rotated to join the segments along the hooks.

Abstract: In an opposed flow high pressure section, intermediate pressure section steam turbine (10), an annular section divider (142) is located axially between the high pressure section (HP) and the intermediate pressure section (IP), and substantially eliminates conventional inner shell sections. Thus, the turbine has only a single outer shell to which the blades of the turbine stages outside the divider 142 are operatively sealed. The section divider (142) incorporates partial arc steam admission chambers (150); supports a nozzle plate assembly (146); and includes integral steam packing (156) to seal the rotor interface.

Abstract: A forced-air cooling apparatus is provided for a steam turbine which comprises an outer casing composed of upper and lower casing halves, an inner casing composed of upper and lower casing halves and disposed inside the outer casing and a rotor coaxially disposed inside the inner casing for forming a steam flow passage between the inner casing and the rotor and in which steam introduced into the steam flow passage from a steam inlet portion is impinged against blades of the rotor to impart a turning force thereto as a movable portion such as rotor with respect to a stationary portion such as an inner casing.

Abstract: The reheat tub in a double-flow steam turbine is provided with additional setback from the rotor buckets by forming a three-part reheat tub construction including first and second discrete diaphragm segments and third inner ring segments. The annular arrays of these segments are dimensioned to enable greater axial spacing between the nozzles and buckets. To refurbish an in-service double-flow turbine, the damaged reheat tub is removed and cut along axial and radial part lines to form discrete first and second diaphragm segments. The diaphragm segment nozzles are then refurbished by adding weld material and machined to the appropriate configuration. Material is added to the downstream and removed from the upstream faces of each diaphragm so that it may be located in the turbine shell similarly as the removed tub, but with the nozzles spaced further axially upstream of the buckets.

Abstract: The reheat tub in a double-flow steam turbine is provided with additional setback from the rotor buckets by forming a three-part reheat tub construction including first and second discrete diaphragm segments and third inner ring segments. The annular arrays of these segments are dimensioned to enable greater axial spacing between the nozzles and buckets. To refurbish an in-service double-flow turbine, the damaged reheat tub is removed and cut along axial and radial part lines to form discrete first and second diaphragm segments. The diaphragm segment nozzles are then refurbished by adding weld material and machined to the appropriate configuration. Material is added to the downstream and removed from the upstream faces of each diaphragm so that it may be located in the turbine shell similarly as the removed tub, but with the nozzles spaced further axially upstream of the buckets.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for controlling rotating blade tip clearance in a turbo-machine utilizing conical tipped blades. The apparatus comprises an approximately conical blade ring mounted for axially sliding displacement in the turbo-machine cylinder. The conical blade ring encircles the tips of the rotating blades and forms a blade tip clearance therebetween. The tip clearance is controlled during operation of the turbo-machine by axially displacing the conical blade ring. Piston cylinders, actuated by pressurized fluid extracted from the turbo-machine, are used to displace the blade ring. Springs, adapted to bias the blade ring into a position of increased tip clearance, oppose the piston cylinder so that failure of the piston cylinder will not result in a loss of tip clearance.

Abstract: A steam turbine having a inner cylinder with a plurality of steam inlets which feed a plurality of nozzle blocks and a curtis stage blade ring with a circumferential groove which cooperates with a circumferential tongue extending from the inner cylinder to position the blade ring properly within the cylinder, the tongue has a plurality of ports each of which have a kerf extending from each port through an inner circumferential margin of the tongue to eliminate heat induced stress cracking between the ports and inner circumferential margin of the tongue.

Abstract: The present invention substantially reduces the likelihood of cracking failure occurring in the inlet sleeves which connect a steam source to the outer cylinder of a steam turbine. The present invention eliminates the excessive vibration which is the fundamental cause of cyclic stresses which cause fatigue cracking. The present invention minimizes vibration by limiting the amplitude of the sleeve's oscillations of the inlet sleeve by preferably restraining the sleeve within a structure such as a disc having grooves cut therein which engage splines formed on the inlet sleeve. The present invention provides sufficient clearance for installation but reduces the amplitude of radial oscillations. The present invention thus allows free vertical and radial sleeve movement of the inlet sleeve, but limits random vibration that caused highcycle vibrations.

Abstract: The HP-MP steam turbine body has a single internal stator surrounding both the HP and the MP portions of the rotor. The internal stator co-operates with the external stator to define axial positioning means for the internal stator and to define a thermal screen for an inter-stator space which is swept with steam taken from one of the last stages of the HP stream. The portions of the internal stator which surround all of the expansion of the HP stream and the hot stages of the MP stream are steam-conditioned in optimum manner, thereby making it possible to reduce the temperature gradient which the internal stator has to withstand, and also the temperature of the fastenings for both of the stators. The internal stator is simple in structure, the dimensioning of the HP-MP body is optimized, as are the fastenings, and the temperature control of the stators.

Abstract: A thermal shield for a steam turbine inner cylinder surrounding a plurality of turbine blade stages and having an outer cylinder substantially enclosing the inner cylinder. A steam inlet is connected to the inner cylinder through an outer cylinder for admitting high temperature steam into the inner cylinder to effect rotation of the turbine blade stages and a steam exit emits cooled steam from the inner cylinder into a space between the inner and outer cylinders. The shield reduces thermal stress on the inner cylinder from contact on an inner surface with the high temperature steam and contact on an outer surface with the cooled steam. The thermal shield is attached to the outer surface of the inner cylinder and spaced therefrom by a predetermined spacing. The thermal shield extends about all surfaces of the inner cylinder and forms a substantially closed inner space between the shield and the inner cylinder to prevent the flow of the cooled steam over the outer surface of the inner cylinder.

Abstract: A detachable apparatus is provided which facilitates rotation and handling of an alignment dowel during its installation into a steam turbine cylinder. The apparatus consists of a body having a threaded portion and a handle. The threaded portion allows the apparatus to be attached to the dowel prior to assembly. An elongated nut is threaded onto the body of the apparatus and, after being tightened down against the dowel, locks the apparatus onto the dowel. The dowel can be rotated in the cylinder by applying torque to the handle of the apparatus or by engaging a wrench onto the elongated nut.

Abstract: A sheet-metal centrifugal pump casing comprising a casing shell having a suction port and being formed of a steel plate by means of deep drawing using a press, and having a suction flange firmly attached to the suction port of the casing shell is disclosed. The centrifugal pump casing further comprises a partition body firmly attached to the inner surface of the casing shell for partitioning a space within the casing shell into a suction chamber and a pressure chamber, and a diffuser which is integrally extended from the suction side end portion of the partition body and which tapers off toward peripheral edge of said suction port so that an axial gap is formed between the end edge of the diffuser and the peripheral edge of said suction port.

Abstract: Integral cast inlet ring sections for low pressure steam turbines are disclosed. Preferably, semicircular inlet ring sections from opposing sides of the steam inlet are joined together by integral staybars to form an inlet ring subassembly. After fabrication into a turbine inner cylinder, the two inlet ring subassemblies are preferably joined by a horizontal joint, such as a bolted connection, to form a circular inlet ring. The present invention eliminates welds and other connections typically associated with staybars and thereby eliminates a source of stress concentration and fatigue failures in steam turbines. The present invention also permits the inlet ring to be welded to a flange in a manner which eliminates potential delamination of the flange by fusing the sites of potential delamination.

Abstract: A turbine support for reacting structural loads from a rotor bearing cage to a case of a gas turbine engine. The turbine support includes a homogeneous main casting and a rotor bearing cage. The main casting has concentrically arranged inner, intermediate and outer walls. The bearing cage is radially inboard and a rigid appendage of the inner wall. The inner and intermediate walls define therebetween a longitudinal segment of the annular hot gas flow path of the engine. The outer wall is bolted to the engine case. The inner wall is connected to the intermediate wall by a plurality of generally radially oriented, angularly separated inner load bearing struts of the main casting. The outer wall is connected to the intermediate wall by a plurality of radially oriented, angularly separated outer load bearing struts of the main casting.

Abstract: In this multi-cylinder steam turbine, compensation is provided for the axial thermal expansion, from the bearing housing (5) of the medium pressure partial turbine (1), of the low pressure part of the shafting (4) by the low pressure steam feed pipe (15, 16) rigidly connected to the medium pressure partial turbine (1) being rigidly connected to the inner casing (11, 12) of the two-casing low pressure partial turbines (2, 3). Because of the equal temperatures, the part of the shafting (4) mentioned and the low pressure steam feed pipes (15, 16) expand equally so that the axial clearances between the nozzle guide vane and rotor blade rings of the low pressure partial turbines (2, 3) are also substantially retained. The otherwise conventional connecting elements between the medium pressure partial turbines and the low pressure partial turbines with their associated sealing problems on the outer casings disappear.

Abstract: A live steam passage of double-shell design for steam turbines is disclosed. According to the present invention, the steam passage is welded as a welded-in insert (1) onto the outer housing (9) of the turbine. The piston ring supoprt sleeve (2) with the piston rings (4) slides as a separate part in a sleeve (5), which the sleeve (2) is screwed onto the welded-in insert (1) with locking screws (3). A threaded ring (6) provided with a high collar holds the sleeve (5) in place in the inner housing (7) of the turbine. The live steam passage according to the present invention can be used in steam turbines, including throttle-controlled steam turbines with inner housings.

Abstract: An axial flow steam turbine has a self-locking nozzle block wherein the nozzle block has radially inwardly and outwardly extending flanges that seat in grooves formed in spaced shrouds of the nozzle ring, with locking pins provided, in bores in a rear arcuate section of the nozzle ring, formed from the material that has a thermal coefficient of expansion greater than the thermal coefficient of expansion of the material from which the nozzle ring is formed. Preferably, the nozzle block is formed from a material having a thermal coefficient of expansion comparable to that of the pins. Steam passing through the turbine heats its assembly such that the locking pins force the flanges of the nozzle block into sealing contact with a first arcuate section of the nozzle ring so as to prevent vibration and loosening of the nozzle block in the nozzle ring.

Abstract: A fully-floating inlet flow guide for a double-flow steam turbine includes a pair of partially overlapping, generally cylindrical sealing rings circumscribing a turbine rotor adjacent a steam inlet with each of the bands being coupled to a respective one of a pair of first stage nozzle rings positioned on opposite sides of the inlet for directing steam into an axial flow path. The rings are provided with an annular seal at their overlapping portions such that axial expansion and contraction is accommodated without steam leakage through the seal. Radial expansion and contraction of the sealing rings is accommodated by attachment of each ring to a respective nozzle using a circumferential groove in a radially inner surface of each nozzle ring diaphragm and a tongue on each of the rings which fits into a respective groove. Each tongue has a plurality of circumferentially spaced slots and a block slidingly positioned in each of the slots.

Abstract: A steam turbine including a casing structure which has an outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, a blade support ring, a plurality of stationary blades arranged in a number of annularly-shaped rows along the length of the turbine on the ring, and a rotor with a plurality of rotating blades arranged in a number of annularly-shaped rows along the length thereof and attached thereto, also includes improved structure providing integrated casing alignment and steam extraction. The improved structure, in combination with the conventional extraction steam piping that exits from the inner cylinder, includes a load plate arranged perpendicularly to the extraction steam piping, one or more flex plates attached between the load plate and the inner cylinder, a plurality of alignment lugs attached in predetermined positions about the load plate, and a plurality of stiffening gussets attached both to the alignment lugs and the load plate.

Abstract: A pump having a main shaft which is rotatably supported in a support housing via support bearings. The support bearings are provided with passages which are connected via discharge openings with the space around the pump. As a result, no pressure can build up between the support bearings and a bearing disposed at the lower end of the shaft. Medium which during operation of the pump gets by the seals and the support bearings can flow off out of the pump through these passages and the discharge openings.

Abstract: A circumferentially extending structure 30 for containing particles having an axial component of velocity and a radial component of velocity is disclosed. The structure includes an inner casing, such as the first casing 48, and an outer casing, such as the second casing 50. The outer casing is flexible. The outer casing is formed of a plurality of layers of fabric and a means for applying a load to the fabric such as a plurality of bars 80, 82 and turnbuckles 74. A method of forming the structure is disclosed. The method includes the step of wrapping a fabric having a first length about the inner casing and the step of stretching the fabric to a second length to affect the operative response of the fabric to the impact of a particle.

Abstract: A containment ring for a gas turbine engine consists of a substantially rigid inner cylinder around the periphery of which is wound layers of fibrous material, a plurality of axially extending strips are located upon the outermost curved surface of the layers of fibrous material and are secured thereto by self-tapping screws.

Abstract: A compressor case structure capable of enhanced active clearance control within the structure is disclosed. Various construction details which enable the discharge of cooling air against the case and which minimize thermal distortion of the case are developed. The concepts are applied to a longitudinally split compressor case and include an external bleed manifold or circular cross section which extends across the longitudinal split in the case. Cooling air is dischargeable beneath the manifold to cool the case structure.

Abstract: A strong air suction is created by installing an air tube on the top of the discharge side of a large siphoning tube over a dam to drive air turbines for electricity generation. To facilitate the discharge of air bubbles, the intake air thru the air tube is manipulated thru a plate with numerous small holes located at the air exit to the water discharge tube and thru small tubes in the water discharge tube so that the air is discharged as small bubbles.

Abstract: A multi-stage axial flow steam turbine having an inner and an outer casing. The inner casing being a pressure vessel having a first end which is enclosed by a nozzle ring disposed around a rotor in closely spaced, sealed relation therewith and having a second end which is open to the interior of the outer casing. Sealing between the inner casing and nozzle ring is provided by a structural hook seal which includes mateable flange portions which are integral with the inner casing and nozzle ring. A control stage and a first plurality of reaction stages are disposed within the inner casing. A second plurality of reaction stages are also disposed between the outer casing and the rotor so that steam leaving the inner casing's second end flows over the inner casing's outer surface and over the nozzle ring's outer surface to cool those outer surfaces before the steam enters the second plurality of reaction stages.

Abstract: What is disclosed is an improvement in a system for producing a vacuum in which both liquid and gas streams are involved. Specifically, in one aspect the improvement is in a vacuum system for extruding plastic pipe having conventional extrusion apparatus, vacuum tank, mold and vacuum and liquid pumps with a chilled water flow system, the improvement being characterized by an outer housing connected intermediate the effluent water conduit and the liquid pump with a vacuum port connected with a vacuum pump; and an internal sleeve interiorly of the outer housing defining an annular space about the sleeve and directing the combined stream directly into the entrance to the liquid pump so that by inertia the liquid is sucked into the liquid pump whereas the gas is diverted by the vacuum pump to maintain the pressure without flooding the vacuum pump.

Abstract: An improved windage shield is provided for use with turbomachinery members partially defining an internal flow path wherein the members are connected by a fastener which protrudes beyond one of the members. The windage shield comprises a portion which is captured between the fastener and one of the members and a cylindrical section which extends downstream of the members to form a smooth cover for isolating the members from the internal fluid flow. The protruding fastener end is recessed into, and generally flush with, the captured portion of the windage shield.

Abstract: Installation for centering, in an outer housing, an inner housing of a steam turbine having an extraction interstage including a tubular shaped portion formed on the inner housing and communicating with the extraction interstage, the outer housing having a wall formed with a passageway wherein the tubular shaped portion is received, an extraction connecting pipe disposed on the outer housing over the passageway thereof, the extraction connecting pipe having sealing surfaces engaging with corresponding sealing surfaces formed on the wall of the outer housing, the mutually engaging sealing surface being disposd eccentrically to the passageway and to the tubular shaped portion, the tubular shaped portion having a projection with lateral flanks extending therefrom and engaging with clearance in a corresponding lateral recess formed in the wall of the outer housing, and key means disposed in the clearance between the lateral flanks of the projecton and the wall of the outer housing for centering the inner housing

Abstract: A thermal turbomachine such as an axial flow steam turbine of the center intake opposite flow type includes an intake duct surrounding the rotor and which is delimited by a portion of the internal surface of an inner housing surrounding the rotor and by the juxtaposed surfaces of two rotationally symmetrical shells. In order to permit the shells to expand substantially unhindered in relation to the inner housing as a result of imposed thermal stresses and still provide a gastight seal between an internal surface portion of the inner housing and the peripheral portions of the shells the latter are pressed into a slidable sealing engagement with the former rather than rigidly attached to each other. According to one embodiment, the slidable sealing engagement between the parts is established by means of a groove provided on one part into which the other part is fitted.

Abstract: A seal suitable for use in a barrel-type rotary machine having an inner casing mounted within an outer casing to provide a chamber therebetween which is pressurized by exposing the chamber to high pressure fluids processed in the machine. One end of the chamber is substantially enclosed by a pressure responsive resilient member. One end of the member is secured to the inner casing and the opposite end thereof arranged to support a sealing element in non-contiguous relation adjacent to the inner wall of the outer casing. As the chamber is pressurized, the resilient member is forced outwardly toward the outer casing to securely seat the sealing element in positive fluid-tight engagement thereagainst.