Abstract: A method of operating a wind turbine and a wind turbine employing this method are provided. The method includes measuring an operating temperature in a plurality of components of the wind turbine yielding a plurality of measured operating temperatures. Each measured operating temperature is subtracted from a predefined maximum allowable operating temperature for the corresponding component of the wind turbine thereby yielding a plurality of operating temperature margins. A minimum operating temperature margin among the plurality of operating temperature margins is determined and at least one operating parameter of the wind turbine is set in accordance with the minimum operating temperature margin.

Abstract: A turbine bucket includes an airfoil, a platform adjacent to the airfoil, and a shank adjacent to the platform. The shank defines a shank cavity, and a divider in the shank cavity creates a pressure differential across the shank cavity. A method for cooling a turbine bucket includes directing a fluid to a forward shank cavity and creating a pressure differential between the forward shank cavity and an aft shank cavity.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and products are disclosed for improving the airflow exiting a blower that has one or more adjustable guide vanes that are affixed to the blower at one or more pivot points located in an outlet of the blower that include: determining a rotational speed of an impeller in the blower and adjusting a position of at least one of the adjustable guide vanes in dependence upon the rotational speed of the impeller.

Abstract: An erosion protection system and method applicable to foils or aerodynamic surfaces. Single element erosion protective elements having joggles are provided, each single element being alignable with the next to provide a contiguous erosion protection layer.

Abstract: A system and method for braking a wind turbine includes monitoring rotation of the wind turbine generator rotor. A braking torque is applied to reduce the rotational speed of the rotor at a first setpoint rotational speed. The braking torque is proportionally increased as the rotational speed of the rotor increases beyond the first detected setpoint rotational speed up to a maximum braking torque.

Abstract: A horizontal axis wind turbine assembly adapted for use atop a tower includes a frame, a yaw shaft assembly coupling the frame to the tower, an alternator secured to the frame, a shaft coupled to the alternator to produce electrical power, a rotor hub coupled to the shaft, a plurality of blades secured to the rotor hub, and a tail assembly rotatably coupled about a vertical axis to the frame. The tail assembly is operable to move to a first, straight position aligned with the horizontal axis, and a second position rotated an angle ? from the horizontal axis. An actuator is secured to the frame and is adapted to rotate the tail assembly the angle ? from the horizontal axis.

Abstract: A turbine vane or blade segment includes at least one airfoil extending radially outwardly from a radially inner band. A plurality of cooling passages are formed in the radially inner band in fluid communication with an internal plenum in the airfoil and exiting the inner band via a plurality of exit holes in the one of the axially-extending side edges of the inner band. The plurality of exit holes are confined to a region along the one of the axially-extending side edges where static pressure PS along the one of the substantially axially-extending side edges lies in a pressure range substantially between the stage inlet total pressure PT and a pressure that is substantially about 1.5 times the dynamic pressure range ?PD, below the stage inlet total pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of methods and floating platforms for exploiting wind energy offshore. In particular, the invention provides a floating platform (1) anchored to at least one anchor point (7, 7?), including a wind turbine (2), and a shift device for shifting the wind turbine (2), which device is configured to shift the wind turbine (2) as a function of a set of parameters, including wind direction (V), in order to minimize the aerodynamic wake effects, and the invention also provides a method of exploiting wind energy by means of a set of floating platforms (1), each of which includes at least one wind turbine (2) and is anchored to at least one anchor point (7,7?). In this method, at least one wind turbine (2) of said set of floating platforms is shifted as a function of a set of parameters, including wind direction (V) in order to minimize the aerodynamic wake effects and in order to maximize the power generation of the set of wind turbines.

Abstract: A pneumatic actuator system to provide for actuation of a device on a rotor blade. A high pressure volume unit mounted on the rotor blade, including an air inlet to allow entrance of air into the high pressure volume. At least one actuator on the rotor blade to actuate a device on the rotor blade, where the at least one actuator is connected to the high pressure volume to receive air from the high pressure volume for actuation. An air release unit connected to the at least one actuator to allow release of air from the at least one actuator. An air control unit connected to the high pressure volume unit to control air flow into the at least one actuator and is connected to the air release unit to control release of air from the at least one actuator.

Abstract: A method for operating a wind farm is provided. The method includes determining a wind condition, determining a wake-effect between at least two wind turbines forming at least a sub-set of the wind farm, each of the at least two wind turbines having a yaw system, and determining a desired yaw angle setpoint for each of the at least two wind turbines so that a total power production of at least the sub-set is expected to be increased compared to independently operating the yaw systems of each of the at least two wind turbines.

Abstract: A power plant for obtaining energy from a flow of a body of water with a varying main incident flow direction, comprising a rotating unit with an axial turbine assigned an axis of rotation and comprises at least one rotor blade, the rotor blade is fastened in a rotationally conjoint manner to a rotor head of the rotating unit, and the rotor blade has at least over a partial region of the longitudinal extent thereof, a profile which can be impinged on by flow bidirectionally for windward and leeward operation. A rotary device is provided for a power plant component for adjusting a relative angle between the axis of rotation and the main flow direction, wherein the rotary device is assigned a first stop and a second stop which limit the range of movement of the rotary device to a range of angle of rotation of less than 180°.

Abstract: A method for managing icing conditions on a rotary aircraft via one or more ice protection controllers. The method includes steps for receiving an icing condition signal from an icing rate sensor at an ice protection controller, determining, in response to the icing condition signal, a de-icing signal based at least in part a liquid water content (LWC). The method further includes steps for transmitting, via a digital communication bus disposed in at least part of a slip ring assembly, the de-icing signal to a upper distributor to cause the upper distributor to transmit power to one or more heating elements for a respective rotor blade.

Abstract: A wind turbine includes multiple blades, multiple Micro Inertial Measurement Units (MIMUs) for sensing parameter signals of the blades, and a control system. The control system includes a blade bending moment calculation unit, a blade bending moment error signal calculation unit, and a pitch angle compensation command calculation unit. The blade bending moment calculation unit is used for calculating blade bending moment values of the blades based at least on the sensed parameters. The blade bending moment error signal calculation unit is used for calculating blade bending moment error signals of the blades based on the calculated blade bending moment values of the blades and multiple blade bending moment commands. The pitch angle compensation command calculation unit is used for calculating pitch angle compensation commands of the blades based on the calculated blade bending moment error signals to adjust pitch angles of the blades respectively.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a rotorcraft pitch link includes a housing and a piston assembly. The housing comprises a first chamber and a second chamber. A first housing opening allows a first fluid to flow into the first chamber, and a second housing allows a second fluid to flow into the second chamber. The piston assembly is at least partially disposed within the housing and comprises a piston head and a piston rod coupled to the piston head. The piston head separates the first chamber from the second chamber.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a radial fluid device includes a cylinder block having a plurality of radially extending cylinders, a plurality of pistons, and a cam disposed about the plurality of radially extending cylinders. A first linear control is coupled to the cam and operable to reposition the cam along a first axis. A second linear control is coupled to the cam and operable to reposition the cam along a second axis. A third linear control is coupled to the cam and operable to resist movement of the cam along a third axis.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a rotary blade actuator includes a housing, a vane disposed within the housing, a shaft disposed at least partially within the housing and coupled to the vane. The vane comprises a first vane surface disposed within a first chamber between a first fluid opening and a second fluid opening and a second vane surface disposed within a second chamber between a third fluid opening and a fourth fluid opening. The shaft is operable to rotate in response to movements of the vane.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and products are disclosed for improving the airflow exiting a blower that has one or more adjustable guide vanes that are affixed to the blower at one or more pivot points located in an outlet of the blower that include: determining a rotational speed of an impeller in the blower and adjusting a position of at least one of the adjustable guide vanes in dependence upon the rotational speed of the impeller.

Abstract: A control method of a fan comprises steps of detecting a rotational speed of a blade and a rotor position of the blade; generating a control signal according to the rotational speed and a predetermined rotational speed; obtaining a Back-EMF waveform according to the control signal, the rotational speed, the rotor position and a waveform; adjusting the phase of the Back-EMF waveform; and outputting a switch control signal.

Abstract: A method of operating at least one wind turbine is described, comprising: determining a plurality of stress events of at least one component of the at least one wind turbine; determining at least one accumulated stress from at least two of the plurality of stress events; determining at least one residual lifetime based at least partially on the at least one accumulated stress.

Abstract: A method and system for establishing sets of blade frequency values for each rotating blade of a rotor assembly at two or more different points in time and determining an indication of blade health from the change in the blade frequency values is provided. Blade frequency values are determined by receiving measurements of vibratory responses from blade monitoring equipment (20) and processing via a processing device (30) vibration data as a system of rotating blades to extract a frequency of each blade. Sets of blade frequency values are compared to determine a change in the blade frequency values for each rotating blade to provide the indication of blade health.

Abstract: A wind turbine control system includes a detecting unit for adjusting a reference nodding moment of a wind turbine rotor based on at least one of an aerodynamic thrust on the wind turbine rotor and a speed of wind; a compensating unit for determining a physical nodding moment of the wind turbine rotor, comparing the physical nodding moment with the reference nodding moment, and using the comparison to compute a pitch angle command for at least one wind turbine blade; and a driving unit for changing a pitch of the at least one blade based on the pitch angle command to control the physical nodding moment of the wind turbine rotor.

Abstract: A system for detecting defects in a turbine rotor blade of a combustion turbine engine. The system may include: a turbine rotor blade that includes an insulator coating; a first electrode that is electrically connected to the turbine rotor blade; a second electrode that resides in proximity to the turbine rotor blade; means for inducing a voltage across the first electrode and the second electrode; and means for detecting current flowing between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a helicopter rotor system has a bearing disposed between the drive train and the rotor blade. The bearing comprises an elastomeric material, a housing member coupled to the elastomeric material, and an anti-rotation member coupled to the housing member opposite the elastomeric material. A bearing mount is coupled to the grip and comprises a first opening configured to receive the anti-rotation member of the bearing. The first opening is defined at least in part by a first surface that receives the anti-rotation member and prevents the anti-rotation member from completing a rotation within the first opening.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for operating a propeller, the propeller moving through a fluid, the method including: measuring a value of a property of the fluid (e.g. a parameter related to the density of the fluid); measuring a value of a parameter, the parameter related to one or more forces applied to the propeller (e.g. a torque applied to the propeller) or derived at least in part from the action of the propeller (e.g. a thrust produced by the action of the propeller, a drag produced by the action of the propeller, or a velocity produced by the action of the propeller); and controlling the propeller depending on a function of the measured value of the property of the fluid and the measured value of parameter. The propeller may be a propeller on an aircraft.

Abstract: A cooled turbine blade shroud with purge holes located proximate regions of the tip shroud cooling cavity that experience cooling air flow recirculation or stagnation. The purge holes may be oriented radially from the cooling cavity to a surface, such as the outer top surface and/or inner/bottom surface, of the tip shroud, and may provide improved heat transfer and consequent cooling and enhanced tip shroud life.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for real-time detection of the onset of stall in turbomachinery, such as compressor stall. The methods are capable of detecting and analyzing time of arrival of the chord of the blade at a sensor array to provide an indication of the onset of compressor stall. Systems for detecting the onset of compressor stall include: light sources; a plurality of linearly arranged optical fibers for transmitting light from the light sources and for receiving transmitted light reflected from a blade; a detector for measuring intensity of the reflected light; and a processor for analyzing the intensity of the reflected light to determine blade twist angle and from the blade twist angle identify onset of compressor stall. The invention can prevent the needless loss of life and assets caused by compressor stall that may lead to unexpected catastrophic failure of an engine.

Abstract: A wind turbine blade has at least one lightning receptor, wherein at least part of a surface of the wind turbine blade close to the lightning receptor is covered by a protective layer having electrical and thermal insulating material. Moreover, a method for protecting the surface of a wind turbine blade close to a lightning protector against temperature increase resulting from lightning impact is disclosed. At least part of the surface of the wind turbine blade is covered with a protective layer having electrical and thermal insulating material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling an idling wind turbine in which wind condition data and wind turbine position data are collected by a sensor system, a control system computes an optimal pitch angle for a rotor blade of the wind turbine, and a pitching system continuously turns the rotor blades in the same direction in multiples of 360 degrees. The present invention further relates to a wind turbine with a sensor system including a wind sensor that measures wind condition data in the vicinity of the wind turbine, and a control system including a computer that executes a control algorithm and processes sensor input from the sensor system to compute an optimal pitch angle value for a rotor blade on the hub. This allows pitching the rotor blade into angle in which the mechanical loads of that rotor blade are reduced to a minimum when idling.

Abstract: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a blade pitch system for a wind turbine, comprising at least one multi winding motor comprising a main independent set of control windings and at least one auxiliary independent set of control windings; and at least a main independent power electronic converter for controlling the main independent set of control windings, and an auxiliary independent power electronic converter for controlling the auxiliary independent set of control windings.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments concern a wind turbine having a horizontal axis and at least one rotor blade, which in regular operation at a wind speed of more than 4 m/s always comprises a static thrust coefficient cS of less than 0.8. The wind turbine is designed for a design turbulence intensity, corresponding to the definition of the characteristic value of turbulence intensity I15 at 15 m/s according to IEC 61400-1, Edition 2, of more than 18% and less than 26%. It may thus be possible to achieve an improved utilisation of space.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling the pitch systems of a plurality of pitch systems of a wind turbine. The method includes generating a main pitch control signal for the pitch systems on the basis of a performance parameter of the wind turbine and generating a distinct auxiliary pitch control signal for each individual pitch system of the plurality of pitch systems. The method further includes adding an auxiliary pitch control signal to the main pitch control signal to give a combined pitch control signal for a pitch system. The method then includes controlling that pitch system in response to that combined pitch control signal wherein an auxiliary pitch control signal is suppressed when a pitch activity value and/or a pitch variation value is below a predefined threshold.

Abstract: A method of locking a rotor of a wind turbine, the method including positioning of the rotor in a locking position; applying a rotor lock; forcing the rotor to turn in a first direction; and, applying a rotor brake.

Abstract: A hybrid powertrain for an aircraft may include a drive shaft, the drive shaft, an internal combustion engine to selectably drive the drive shaft, a propeller coupled to the drive shaft and an electric motor having a stator and a rotor and operable to selectably drive the drive shaft. The drive shaft may extend through the electric motor. The rotor may be coupled to the drive shaft to rotate with the drive shaft and the rotor is a flywheel for the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A turbine airfoil comprises a suction sidewall, a pressure sidewall, a tip wall, and a tip leakage control channel. Each sidewall extends spanwise from an airfoil base and chordwise between a leading edge and a trailing edge. The tip wall extends chordwise from the leading edge to the trailing edge and joins respective outer spanwise ends of the suction and pressure sidewalls. The tip leakage control channel has an inlet and an outlet recessed into an outer surface of the tip wall. An inlet of the channel begins proximate a junction of the airfoil pressure sidewall and the tip wall. An outlet of the channel terminates at a recessed portion of the junction of the tip wall and the suction sidewall.

Abstract: Blades of a wind turbine attached to a rotor hub for rotation in a rotor plane may be adjusted by a control system for individually pitching the blades relative to the hub. The rotor planes divided into a plurality of predefined section, wherein each section has an associated pitch reference value. A light detection and ranging device may be used to determine expected properties of wind in each respective section of the rotor plane so that the pitch reference value may be adjusted accordingly.

Abstract: A ram air turbine assembly includes a spacer that controls axial movement of a bearing assembly supporting rotation of a driven shaft to limit compression of a bearing biasing member. A gearbox includes mating gears that transfer power through a strut to a generator. Bearings support rotation of the driven shaft and the biasing member generates a biasing load to maintain desired alignment between the mating gears. Axial thrust reversals generated during operation are prevented from fully compressing the biasing member by a spacer that defines a minimum compressed height and that further limits axial movement of the bearing assembly responsive to the thrust reversals of the driven shaft.

Abstract: A turbine blade for a gas turbine engine includes an airfoil including leading and trailing edges joined by spaced apart pressure and suction sides to provide an exterior airfoil surface extending in a radial direction. The trailing edge is arranged on an aft side of the turbine blade. A root supports a platform from which the airfoil extends and a cooling passage extends within the root in the radial direction to the airfoil. A lower wing is arranged beneath the platform on the aft side and extends in an axial direction to provide a U-shaped channel with the platform that extends in a circumferential direction. An impingement hole extends from the U-channel to the cooling passage.

Abstract: A stall sensor for a wind turbine is provided. A wind turbine including such a stall sensor and a method of operating such a wind turbine are also provided. The stall sensor includes detector means adapted to measure vibration of a rotor blade of the wind turbine and to output a vibration signal representative of the vibration of the rotor blade, conversion means connected to the detector means and adapted to determine a noise figure representative of a spectral signal content within a frequency band of the vibration signal received from the detector means and arbiter means connected to the conversion means and adapted to signal a presence or an absence of stall based on the noise figure received from the conversion means.

Abstract: A component and method of cooling a component are provided. The component includes a leading edge, a trailing edge, at least one cavity between the leading edge and the trailing edge, at least one diffusion member adjacent to the cavity. The diffusion member includes an inlet adjacent to the cavity, a metering zone adjacent to the inlet, a diffusion zone adjacent to the metering zone, and an outlet adjacent the diffusion zone and adjacent the trailing edge. The diffusion member provides up to about 70% reduction in flow and uniform cooling of the trailing edge of the component.

Abstract: Systems and methods to reduce tower oscillations in a wind turbine are presented. The method includes obtaining a rotor velocity. Furthermore, the method includes obtaining one or more parameters associated with a tower of the wind turbine. Further, the method includes determining a modified rotor velocity based on the one or more parameters. Moreover, the method includes determining a first pitch angle based on the modified rotor velocity. In addition, the method includes pitching one or more blades of the wind turbine based on the first pitch angle to reduce the tower oscillations.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for control and monitoring of wind turbines. Various embodiments pertain to the operational analysis of vibratory modes of the blades of the wind turbine. This real time analysis of blade modal response can be used as feedback in a control system to change the yaw angle of the hub and nacelle to capture higher power from the wind stream, change the pitch on one or more blades to reduce uneven blade loading, to identify damage to a blade, and further to identify the accumulation of ice on a blade.

Abstract: An active flow control system for use with a wind turbine is provided. The wind turbine includes at least one blade. The active flow control system includes an air distribution system at least partially defined within said at least one blade. The air distribution system includes at least one aperture defined through the at least one blade. An aperture control system is in operational control communication with the air distribution system. The aperture control system includes an actuator at least partially positioned within the at least one blade and configured to control a flow of air discharged through the at least one aperture.

Abstract: A turbine rotor blade with a forward flowing serpentine flow cooling circuit in the airfoil and a serpentine flow cooling circuit formed within the blade tip formed in series to provide cooling air flow through the airfoil and then through the blade tip. Cooling air from the airfoil serpentine circuit is bled off to provide cooling of the trailing edge region through T/E exit slots. The tip serpentine cooling circuit includes legs on the pressure and suction side walls with tip edge cooling holes to provide layers of film cooling air for the blade tip rails. A separate cooling air circuit is used in the leading edge region to provide convection cooling, impingement cooling and film cooling for the leading edge region.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating a wind turbine with a rotor having a rotor blade adjustable in its blade pitch angle. A generator is connected to the rotor and a measurement unit captures an actual value of a variable representative of a rotational speed of the generator. A set-point for a generator torque is provided and the set-point thereof is corrected. An actual value of a variable representative of a rotational speed of the generator is captured. A set-point for the torque as a function of the captured actual value is provided and the set-point for the torque as a function of a parameter for air density is corrected. A pitch angle value is captured and the set-point for the torque is increased when the captured value for the pitch angle exceeds a minimum value and has been corrected on the basis of an air density parameter.

Abstract: The invention provides a wind turbine comprising a rotatable drive train including at least one bearing (3) and a pump (4) for supply of a lubricant to the bearing (3). The wind turbine further comprises a controller for performing closed loop control of the pump (4) to provide an amount of lubricant which varies depending on an actual state of operation.

Abstract: A variable speed ratio speed increaser drive train for a wind turbine is disclosed. The drive train may include at least one drive wheel adapted to receive mechanical energy from a main shaft of the wind turbine and capable of rotating at a variable input rotational speed and at least one driven wheel in at least indirect contact with the at least one drive wheel, the at least one driven wheel capable of at least indirectly translating against the at least one drive wheel to vary a speed ratio of the drive train to provide a constant output rotational speed.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically inspecting a lightning protection system on a wind turbine is disclosed. The system and method may include a wind turbine having a plurality of blades mounted to a hub, a lightning receptor on each of the plurality of blades, a lightning protection system extending from each of the lightning receptor to an earth grounding grid and a conductor that is part of a testing system extending from at least inside the hub, through the inside of at least one of the plurality of blades and connecting to the lightning receptor, the conductor completing a circuit extending from the lightning receptor to the earth grounding grid. A test current signal may be introduced into the testing system for a leg of the lightning protection system to be tested and an electrical continuity in the circuit using the test current signal may be determined.

Abstract: A system for arranging and operating an array of wind machines to protect crops from damaging weather conditions, such as freezing frost, rain and heat. The method includes a wind machine positioned to force air across the crop. The wind machine is preferably a propeller/tower configuration. The operational method of the wind machine array includes the steps of sensing ambient meteorological and the hardiness of the crop to withstand a particular adverse weather condition and operating the wind machines in response to these factors. Multiples of wind machines are employed in the preferred embodiment of the method, the siting of the wind machines preferably based upon topographic and historical meteorological conditions. The operation of the wind machines can be automatically and remotely operated with the aid of satellite communications including internet links.

Abstract: A turbomachine bucket assembly includes a rotor member including a body having a center portion and an outer edge portion joined by a web. The rotor member includes one or more cooling fluid conduit having a dimension, and an inlet arranged at the outer edge. A plurality of blades are provided on the rotor member and mechanically linked to the outer edge. Each of the plurality of blades includes an internal cooling passage that is fluidly connected to the one or more cooling fluid conduits. A cooling fluid control element is provided at each of the one or more cooling fluid conduits. The cooling fluid control element is configured and disposed to adjust the dimension of the one or more cooling fluid conduits to alter fluid flow into the plurality of blades.

Abstract: A rotor blade is used in combination with a submersible electrical generator for generating electricity to be put into the grid, where the pitch of the rotor blade is controlled by a microprocessor. The microprocessor controls a radio frequency transmitter which emits signals to a receiver which controls a hydraulic value. The hydraulic valve controls a push-pull arrangement which through a right angle gear and pitch adjustment axial adjust the rotor pitch according to pre-programmed conditions stored in the microprocessor.