Ceramic Material Patents (Class 416/241B)
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Patent number: 4595663Abstract: Ceramic shaped articles are disclosed which are formed of dense, non-metallic, mechanically resistant materials and contain eutectic constituents consisting of zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide and at least one other high-melting oxide and mixtures thereof. The composition exhibits excellent hardness, wear properties and bending strength. A method for preparing the articles is also disclosed wherein the appropriate mixture in a hypoeutectic, eutectic, or hypereutectic ratio is heated to its melting point, poured into a preheated mold and cooled.Type: GrantFiled: January 9, 1984Date of Patent: June 17, 1986Assignee: Feldmuhle AktiengesellschaftInventors: Ulrich Krohn, Hans Olapinski, Ulf Dworak
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Patent number: 4589823Abstract: An improved blade tip with an abrasive coating is disclosed. The blade tip is included in a rotor blade which is rotatable with respect to a stationary surface. The tip has a contour which is effective for producing a normal loading component on the coating if the tip contacts the surface while rotating. In a specific form of the present invention, the tip comprises an end wall extending radially outwardly from the perimeter of the outer end of the rotor blade and a concave surface bounded by the end walls and extending radially inwardly therefrom.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 1984Date of Patent: May 20, 1986Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventor: William K. Koffel
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Patent number: 4585396Abstract: A turbine having an improved connection between a ceramic rotor and a metal turbine shaft. The juncture between the rotor and the turbine shaft is disposed between a bearing supporting the turbine shaft and a sealing ring isolating the rotor from the oil reservoir of the turbine. A groove is formed at the juncture. Oil is allowed to circulate around the groove at the juncture between the rotor and the shaft, thereby providing a lowered temperature of the juncture, and hence preventing separation between the rotor and shaft due to differences in coefficients of thermal expansion.Type: GrantFiled: November 30, 1983Date of Patent: April 29, 1986Assignee: NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.Inventors: Mitsuyoshi Kawamura, Noboru Ishida
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Patent number: 4580943Abstract: A turbine wheel for a hot gas turbine engine operable at relatively high peratures, e.g. above 2,000.degree. F., and high velocities, e.g. above 30,000 r.p.m. The blades are formed of temperature-resistant ceramic material. A special annular band of high tensile strength material is affixed to tip areas of the blades for translating centrifugal forces into compressive loadings on the blades. To compensate for differential thermal expansion of the band relative to the blades a localized cooling system is provided for selectively cooling the annular band without cooling the blades.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 1980Date of Patent: April 8, 1986Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the ArmyInventor: Andrew J. Scully
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Patent number: 4579705Abstract: A process for producing ceramic products such as turbine rotors comprises the steps of contouring a prefired ceramic roughly or primarily formed workpiece into a desired shape by means of a rod-shaped cutting tool having a working end or tip to which abrasive particles have been secured, said tool being rotated about its axis; subjecting the contoured surface of said workpiece to an abrasive finishing; and thereafter firing said workpiece thus finished.Type: GrantFiled: November 23, 1983Date of Patent: April 1, 1986Assignee: Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Hideyuki Matsuoka, Hajime Tai, Yuji Yoshida, Koichi Inoue, Toshiharu Murayama
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Patent number: 4579703Abstract: In the manufacture of an article of ceramic material, for example a bladed turbine wheel of silicon nitride, there is first formed a plurality of article parts, at least one of which is a shaped powder body formed from powder of ceramic material mixed with a plasticizer, after which the plasticizer is driven off by a suitable heating operation. The article parts are then assembled together into a configuration conforming to that of the article to be manufactured, and the assembled article parts are surrounded with a gas-impermeable layer, for example a layer of glass. Finally, the assembled parts are isostatically pressed at elevated temperature to form the assembled article parts into a dense, homogeneous article.Type: GrantFiled: March 8, 1982Date of Patent: April 1, 1986Assignee: Asea AktiebolagInventors: Jan Adlerborn, Hans Larker, Bertil Mattsson, Jan Nilsson
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Patent number: 4575253Abstract: The stirrer vessel and stirrer shaft of a stirring apparatus are heated and carry an enamel coating on the surfaces coming into contact with the product. In order to prevent destruction of this enamel coating when the stirrer shaft is severely stressed, elastic intermediate members are arranged between a rigid support shaft and a shaft casing. The stuffing box is also held on the stirrer vessel by a further elastic intermediate member. An elastic packing between the fixed part of the stirrer vessel and the vessel cover fixed to the drive casing balances forces which are transferred from the vessel wall to the drive casing.Type: GrantFiled: November 22, 1983Date of Patent: March 11, 1986Assignee: Dipl. Ing. H. List, Industrielle VerfahrenstechnikInventors: Jorg List, Alfred Kunz
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Patent number: 4573872Abstract: A heat resistance structure adapted to be used in a passage of a high temperature fluid, comprises a heat resistant metal plate having a smooth outer surface, a layer of a substance having a high heat transmission resistance extended along an internal surface of the metal plate, and heat conductive bodies provided in close contact with the layer, all being arranged in this order from the outer surface of the structure to the interior of the structure. A plurality of coolant passages are further provided through each of the heat conductive bodies.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 1983Date of Patent: March 4, 1986Assignee: Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki KaishaInventor: Yuji Nakata
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Patent number: 4568516Abstract: An object is manufactured from a powdered material by isostatic pressing of a body, preformed from the powdered material, with a pressure medium, whereby the preformed body, in which at least the surface layer consists of a ceramic material in the form of a nitride, is surrounded by a casing which is rendered impenetrable to the pressure medium, before the isostatic pressing is carried out and the powder sintered. As the material in the casing there is used boron oxide or a glass containing boron oxide or a material forming glass while being heated, in which the content of boron oxide is sufficiently high for the glass--or the glass formed during heating--to be removable by water. The preformed body surrounded by the casing is subjected to a heat treatment for the formation of boron nitride on the surface of the preformed body, before the isostatic pressing is carried out. The casing is removed from the finished product by means of water or water vapor.Type: GrantFiled: February 7, 1984Date of Patent: February 4, 1986Assignee: ASEA AktiebolagInventors: Jan Adlerborn, Hans Larker, Jan Nilsson, Bertil Mattsson
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Patent number: 4563125Abstract: The blade comprises a metal web (1) surrounded by a refractory ceramic casing (2). The central web (1) is provided with at least one ventilation passage (4) in which flows a small amount of ventilation air. The zones where there is contact between the ceramic casing (2) and the central metal web (1) are provided with cooling cavities (5) in which cooling air flows at a high rate so as to establish a forced cooling condition.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 1983Date of Patent: January 7, 1986Assignee: Office National D'Etudes et de Recherches AerospatialesInventors: Serge Boudigues, Georges Frattacci, Alain Ponthieux
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Patent number: 4563128Abstract: A hot gas impinged turbine blade suitable for use under super-heated gas operating conditions has a hollow ceramic blade member and an inner metal support core extending substantially radially through the hollow blade member and having a radially outer widened support head. The support head has radially inner surfaces against which the ceramic blade member supports itself in a radial direction on both sides of the head. The radially inner surfaces of the head are inclined at an angle to the turbine axis so as to form a wedge or key forming a dovetail type connection with respectively inclined surfaces of the ceramic blade member. This dovetail type connection causes a compressive stress on the ceramic blade member during operation, whereby an optimal stress distribution is achieved in the ceramic blade member.Type: GrantFiled: February 17, 1984Date of Patent: January 7, 1986Assignee: MTU Motoren-und Turbinen-Union Muenchen GmbHInventor: Axel Rossmann
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Patent number: 4557704Abstract: Composite turbine shaft includes a ceramic shaft and a metal shaft, both ends being butt-joined by brazing wherein a center void is provided in the ceramic shaft end so as to secure good heat insulation as well as strong junction even under the difference in thermal expansion between the ceramic shaft and the metal shaft.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 1984Date of Patent: December 10, 1985Assignee: NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.Inventors: Masaya Ito, Seiji Mori, Noboru Ishida
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Patent number: 4554195Abstract: A ceramic coated abrasion resistant member and method of making are described in which a plurality of thin plates of polycrystalline ceramic material are bonded to a thicker substrate base member with an adhesive bonding material. The bonding material includes a thermosetting organic plastic adhesive and a coupling agent which forms covalent chemical bonds with the ceramic plates, base member and plastic adhesive. An organosilane, such as .gamma.-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, may be used as the coupling agent. The ceramic material may be selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and spinel ceramic materials. The substrate member is preferably metal, such as steel and the plastic adhesive may be an epoxy resin.Type: GrantFiled: April 6, 1984Date of Patent: November 19, 1985Assignee: Wilbanks International, Inc.Inventors: Thomas J. Ormiston, Dean A. Rulis
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Patent number: 4552510Abstract: A radial type ceramic turbine rotor comprises a shaft portion, a hub integrally connected to the shaft portion, a blade portion integrally formed on said hub, and an end surface on a gas exit side of the hub extending from an end surface of the blade portion in the proximity of the hub. According to the present invention, a fillet is formed at a circular connection between the blade portion and the hub, on the gas exit side of the rotor. The fillet has a concave surface with a radius of curvature of greater than 3 mm. The radial type ceramic turbine rotor of this invention is produced by the steps of injection molding a ceramic material in such a manner that the radius of curvature is more than 3 mm after sintering, removing a plasticizer included in the turbine rotor and sintering it under a normal pressure, thereby precluding the formation of cracks in the fillet.Type: GrantFiled: February 13, 1984Date of Patent: November 12, 1985Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.Inventor: Mizuno Takeyuki
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Patent number: 4550063Abstract: An erosion resistant composite material is described comprising silicon nitride rod reinforced nickel alloy, where the silicon nitride is cold pressed and sintered and substantially nonreactive with the alloy at high temperatures. The silicon nitride can either be polycrystalline or amorphous containing alumina, 15% yttria and about 2% to about 5% silica. Three to 8% alumina is used in the case of polycrystalline silicon nitride and 2% to 6% alumina is used in the case of amorphous silicon nitride.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 1984Date of Patent: October 29, 1985Assignee: United Technologies CorporationInventors: Francis S. Galasso, Richard D. Veltri
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Patent number: 4550004Abstract: A method of producing a radial type ceramic turbine rotor having a shaft, a hub connected thereto, a blade portion radially extending from the hub whose end on an air exit side extends from an end of the blade portion on the air exit side, comprises steps of injection molding a ceramic material into a ceramic rotor body and machining extra thicker portions of the molded rotor to a predetermined shaped turbine rotor.According to the invention, the molded rotor is formed by the injection molding so as to be at least 0.5 mm thicker than a predetermined thickness at a fillet between the hub and the blade portion on the air exit side and the molded rotor is then machined by a diamond wheel to remove the extra thicker portions until the thicker fillet becomes to the predetermined thickness to from a predetermined shaped turbine rotor which is free from cracks to have a high strength.Type: GrantFiled: December 5, 1983Date of Patent: October 29, 1985Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.Inventor: Takeyuki Mizuno
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Patent number: 4544327Abstract: The disclosed ceramic rotor comprises integrally formed blade portions made of ceramics sintered at atmospheric pressure and a blade-holding portion to which said blade portions are integrally cemented by ceramic material. The blade-holding portion is made of ceramics sintered at atmospheric pressure and has a larger density than that of the blade portions. The thickness of the blade-holding portion is not smaller than the thickness of the blade portions but smaller than the distance between the front and rear surfaces of the blade portions. In the disclosed process, bodies of the blade portions and the blade-holding portion are separately formed and coupled by applying ceramic material therebetween, and the coupled bodies are sintered at atmospheric pressure to produce the ceramic rotor.Type: GrantFiled: April 25, 1984Date of Patent: October 1, 1985Assignee: NGK Insulators, Ltd.Inventor: Kiminari Kato
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Patent number: 4541786Abstract: An essentially all ceramic turbocharger for boosting the pressure of air inducted by an internal combustion engine has a housing made in two segments from ceramic material that define exhaust gas inlet and outlet passages and air inlet and outlet passages. A rotary unit formed of ceramic material is formed integrally with a turbine rotor and compressor rotor at opposite ends of the driveshaft. The driveshaft is supported within the housing on ceramic ball bearings whose races are surfaces formed on the driveshaft and housing segments within which ceramic radial and thrust bearings are fitted.Type: GrantFiled: September 20, 1984Date of Patent: September 17, 1985Assignee: Ford Motor CompanyInventor: Arthur F. McLean
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Patent number: 4519745Abstract: A ceramic blade assembly including a corrugated-metal partition situated in the space between the ceramic blade element and the post member, which corrugated-metal partition forms a compliant layer for the relief of mechanical stresses in the ceramic blade element during aerodynamic and thermal loading of the blade and which partition also serves as a means for defining contiguous sets of juxtaposed passages situated between the ceramic blade element and the post member, one set being open-ended and adjacent to exterior surfaces of the post member for directing cooling fluid thereover and the second set being adjacent to the interior surfaces of the ceramic blade element and being closed-off for creating stagnant columns of fluid to thereby insulate the ceramic blade element from the cooling air.Type: GrantFiled: July 12, 1982Date of Patent: May 28, 1985Assignee: Rockwell International CorporationInventors: Irwin E. Rosman, Hector S. Bourgeois
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Patent number: 4518315Abstract: An arrangement for connecting a ceramic rotor wheel, particularly a turbine rotor wheel of a turbomachine, such as a gas turbine, to a metallic shaft. In order to obtain a primarily temperature-resistant (ceramic wheel-to-metal shaft) connection suitable for high speeds, the arrangement includes a thermal insulation ring seated on the shaft journal of a ceramic rotor wheel, on which there is mounted the tubular end portion of the metallic machine shaft, and which is then positioned on the shaft journal for positive connection through the intermediary of at least one fiber ring which is press-fitted onto the end portion of the shaft.Type: GrantFiled: July 20, 1982Date of Patent: May 21, 1985Assignee: Motoren- und Turbinen-Union Munchen GmbHInventor: Wolfgang Kruger
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Patent number: 4512719Abstract: A turbine blade adapted for use with hot gases comprising a radially inward portion of metal including a core projecting radially outwards on which is supported a ceramic portion of airfoil section enclosing the core. The inner end of the ceramic portion forms a continuous surface contour with the metal inward portion. The ceramic portion extends no more than one-half of the total span of the blade and, preferably, about one-third of the blade span. In a particular embodiment, the wall thickness of the ceramic portion can increase in an radially outwards direction.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1982Date of Patent: April 23, 1985Assignee: Motoren-un Turbinen-Union Munchen GmbHInventor: Axel Rossmann
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Patent number: 4508455Abstract: A shaft and an impeller assembly formed by individual blade members are connected together in an interference fitted connection. Both the shaft and impeller assembly are coated with a corrosion resistant material and the connection is created between the coated surfaces.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 1983Date of Patent: April 2, 1985Assignee: De Dietrich (USA), Inc.Inventors: Michael J. Lerman, Richard Koehl, Anthony A. Chiarella, William Zamory
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Patent number: 4492522Abstract: A blade for a fluid flow engine, especially a gas turbine, has a protective coating against injurious attack by the propellant or working medium. A metal blade having a diffusion layer or a sprayed coating for inhibiting corrosion is known. Such coating renders the blade highly resistant against heavily erosive and corrosive attack, especially by pulverized coal combustion gas or similar agents. The present blade is made of ceramic material, especially a dense ceramic material with a surface layer of at least one of the following materials: TiN, TiC, B.sub.4 C, BN and titanium carbon nitride. These materials are easy to apply and provide a good bond with the ceramic material. If the ceramic materials are silicon carbide (SiC) or silicon nitride (Si.sub.3 N.sub.4) an especially good bond is achieved. This coating strongly resists removal, as it does oxidation and heat. Local removal down to the ceramic material, as it may result from rather long service, is recognizable immediately.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 1982Date of Patent: January 8, 1985Assignee: MTU Motoren-und Turbinen-Union Muenchen GmbHInventors: Axel Rossmann, Werner Huether
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Patent number: 4492737Abstract: The invention is concerned with the problem of joining ceramic components to metal components.A composite ceramic-metal component is proposed, e.g. a rotor disc for a gas turbine engine (see FIG. 2), in which the main body of the component is made from a ceramic, e.g. Silicon Nitride, but the areas at which attachment is to be made to a metal component is formed from metal compacted onto the ceramic by a hot isostatic pressing process.The method of manufacture described is to form a ceramic core with holes appropriately positioned in it where a connection is to be made to another component, surround the core with a powdered metal, e.g. a Nickel-based superalloy, ensuring that the holes also fill with powder, compacting the powder by hot isostatic pressing, and then machining away unwanted metal.Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 1983Date of Patent: January 8, 1985Assignee: Rolls-Royce LimitedInventor: Ralph I. Conolly
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Patent number: 4486147Abstract: A rotor shaft assembly for use in turbochargers includes a metal shaft having a generally cylindrical female cavity therein concentrically distributed about the axis thereof; and a solid hubbed ceramic turbine wheel having a male stub shaft insertable into the female cavity. The axis of the male stub shafted ceramic turbine is coextensive with the axis of the shaft and the stub shaft is mated with the female receptacle and joined by an adhesive. A turbocharger includes a rotor-shaft assembly of the above-described type, in which the metal to ceramic adhesive joint is located in the turbocharger center housing.Type: GrantFiled: April 20, 1982Date of Patent: December 4, 1984Assignee: The Garrett CorporationInventors: Joe L. Byrne, Hans Egli
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Patent number: 4480956Abstract: A high-temperature, extremely high-speed ceramet composite blade comprising a ceramic blade jacket seated from above on a metallic core having a crossweb near its upper end for securing the jacket on the core by one or more metallic retaining pins extending through the crossweb and secured to the core. A head on each bolt is located within a chamber formed above the cross-web and surrounded by the radially projecting end of the blade jacket. A porous abradable coating is secured to the head of the bolt and substantially fills the chamber. The coating projects slightly beyond the end of the blade jacket and is supplied and permeated with cooling air via a cooling duct extending through the retaining pin and metallic core.Type: GrantFiled: January 26, 1983Date of Patent: November 6, 1984Assignee: Mortoren-und Turbinen-UnionInventors: Wolfgang Kruger, Werner Huther
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Patent number: 4471008Abstract: A metal intermediate layer between two generally parallel thrust surfaces. At least one of the thrust surfaces is ceramic, and the surfaces are oblique to the direction of force tending to press the surfaces toward each other. The intermediate layer is formed by applying a metal powder suspension to at least one of the surfaces, and thereafter drying and if necessary heating the suspension to remove the non-metallic portion of the suspension. The surfaces may be faces of the blade root and slot, which accommodates the root, of a turbomachine.Type: GrantFiled: August 2, 1982Date of Patent: September 11, 1984Assignee: MTU Motoren-Und-Turbinen Union Munchen GmbHInventor: Werner Huther
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Patent number: 4429019Abstract: A heat resistant machine component, e.g. a gas turbine blade, a vane or the like, for use in a hot-gas atmosphere, especially under dynamic mechanical strain. The engine component comprises a core body consisting of a heat resistant material and a surface layer sprayed thereon and constituted by a composite material. The composite material consists on the one hand of an alloy component containing 1 to 12% Al, namely preferably 3 to 8% Al, 10 to 30% Cr, small quantities of one or more elements in the group Si, Mn, Co, Y and Hf, and the balance Fe, and on the other hand a small quantity of an oxide component containing Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and possibly one or more oxides of the remaining metals of the alloy component, wherein the pores and the oxide component form elongated, narrow regions, which partly surround or cover the alloy component. The surface layer is applied by flame or arc spraying under a controlled minor oxidation.Type: GrantFiled: January 21, 1981Date of Patent: January 31, 1984Assignee: Bulten-Kanthal ABInventor: Nils G. Schrewelius, deceased
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Patent number: 4424003Abstract: The invention relates to turbine wheels and in particular an improved way to form the connection between non-metallic turbine wheels and a metallic shaft. The resulting structure provides a secure connection therebetween, reduces tension loads otherwise placed on the non-metallic turbine wheel allowing higher rotational speeds and provides bearing and sealing areas.Type: GrantFiled: February 5, 1981Date of Patent: January 3, 1984Assignee: AG Ku/ hnle, Kopp & KauschInventor: Helmut Brobeck
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Patent number: 4417854Abstract: The present invention provides a ceramic turbine blade having a ceramic root flange and a metallic compliant layer which is electroformed to the ceramic root flange and then machine-formed to the geometry required for attachment to the turbine disk. Because of its intimate bond to the surface of the ceramic root flange and because of its compliant nature, the metallic compliant layer serves to uniformly distribute stresses induced by the attachment of the blade to the turbine disk. The present invention also envisions the attachment and use of a fir tree root section to an otherwise complete ceramic blade without risk of stress fracture or modification of the turbine disk.Type: GrantFiled: April 19, 1982Date of Patent: November 29, 1983Assignee: Rockwell International CorporationInventors: Edwin F. C. Cain, William T. McFarlen
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Patent number: 4408959Abstract: A ceramic turbine wheel (1), especially such a wheel intended for an exhaust gas driven turbine of a turbocharger for motor vehicles, comprises a body portion (3), blades (2) and hub portion (4). The body portion (4), and optionally the hub portion (3) as well, are provided with hollow central cores (5, 6).Type: GrantFiled: July 3, 1980Date of Patent: October 11, 1983Assignees: Kennecott Corporation, Volkswagenwerk AktiengesellschaftInventors: William D. Long, Paul J. Rottenkolber
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Patent number: 4396349Abstract: A turbine blade, more particularly a turbine nozzle vane, for a gas turbine engine, consisting of a structural metallic core enveloped at a distance by a ceramic blade jacket. Through provision a primarily highly heat-resistant, ceramic metal compound structure of the blade, the blade jacket is compressively prestressed spanwise between the blade shrouds in the inoperative condition of the turbine and where said compressive prestressing of the blade jacket, produced during assembly and which exists in the inoperative condition, is at least maintained during the operation condition by selecting for the metallic core of the blade, a material of average coefficient of thermal expansion and for the metallic inner and outer shrouds of the blade, and for the inner and outer metallic, sleeve-like components producing the axial prestress, materials of higher coefficients of thermal expansion, and for the highly thermally stressed ceramic blade jacket, a material of average coefficient of thermal expansion.Type: GrantFiled: March 12, 1982Date of Patent: August 2, 1983Assignee: Motoren-Und Turbinen-Union Munchen GmbHInventor: Alfred Hueber
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Patent number: 4396445Abstract: The turbine rotor unit comprises a ceramic rotor and a ceramic shaft. Connection or bonding of the rotor and the shaft is made by applying a slip of ceramic material to engaging sections of the rotor and the shaft and baking them for solidification of the slip. If metal-silicone is used as a material for the rotor and the shaft, the connection or bonding of them can be made without the slip.Type: GrantFiled: May 30, 1980Date of Patent: August 2, 1983Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.Inventors: Naoto Sasaki, Kenji Nakayama, Tadayoshi Hirao
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Patent number: 4385866Abstract: A curved blade rotor for a radial inflow turbo supercharger which is made of ceramic material and having a plurality of curved blades each with a curved outer edge. The surface roughness of the curved outer edge is 0.8S to 2S wherein "S" indicates surface roughness according to Japanese Industrial Standard B 0601.Type: GrantFiled: March 17, 1980Date of Patent: May 31, 1983Assignee: Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Toshihiko Ochiai, Kiyoshi Nakamura, Katsutoshi Nishida, Masato Sakai
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Patent number: 4376004Abstract: A transpiration cooled ceramic blade for a gas turbine is shown wherein a spar or strut member defining a root portion and an airfoil portion provides the main structural component of the blade. The air foil portion contains longitudinal grooves in the surface in flow communication with an air flow passage in the root portion and a flexible perforated ceramic tape is wrapped around the air foil portion with the perforations therein in registry with the grooves in the core. The flexible ceramic tape and the strut assembly are heated initially to a low temperature to drive off the binder forming the tape and then heated to a relatively high temperature to fuse the ceramic component of the tape together and to the strut to form a unitary blade structure with internal air flow paths and transpiration cooling orifices through the skin.Type: GrantFiled: October 15, 1980Date of Patent: March 8, 1983Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corp.Inventors: Raymond J. Bratton, Clarence A. Andersson
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Patent number: 4362471Abstract: The method produces an article which has a first zone comprising a nonoxide ceramic material (which materials cannot be soldered or welded) and a second zone comprising a different, softer material such as one which can be soldered or welded to other parts. A transition layer between the zones of the article comprises both materials for bonding the zones together. The method forms the article from powders with heat and pressure.Type: GrantFiled: March 5, 1980Date of Patent: December 7, 1982Assignee: Volkswagenwerk AktiengesellschaftInventors: Manfred Langer, Johann Siebels
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Patent number: 4335998Abstract: A connection between non-oxidic ceramic (ceranox) material and metallic material is formed by providing a recess in the metallic material having oppositely facing internal surfaces between which is positioned a portion of a ceramic component with intervening gaps. The gaps are filled with a high temperature solder. The solder is preferably melted into position between the metallic and ceramic components in an evacuated soldering oven according to a stepped temperature profile.Type: GrantFiled: May 18, 1979Date of Patent: June 22, 1982Assignee: Volkswagenwerk AktiengesellschaftInventor: Johann Siebels
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Patent number: 4326835Abstract: A combination ceramic and metal turbine rotor for use in high temperature gas turbine engines includes a metal rotor disc having a rim with a plurality of circumferentially spaced blade root retention slots therein to receive a plurality of ceramic blades, each including side platform segments thereon and a dovetail configured root slidably received in one of the slots.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 1979Date of Patent: April 27, 1982Assignee: General Motors CorporationInventor: John L. Wertz
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Patent number: 4324356Abstract: A method of joining silicon nitride based ceramic bodies is disclosed. At least one interfacing surface of shaped bodies (one or both of which may be hot-pressed or reaction-sintered) receives a layer of metallic aluminum based material. The bodies with the metallic aluminum based material therebetween are subjected to heating at 1400.degree.1900.degree. C. for a period typically 0.5-2 hours in a nitriding atmosphere to effect a chemical bond consisting of a conversion of the interfacing ceramic to a Si--Al--O--N system.Type: GrantFiled: March 29, 1979Date of Patent: April 13, 1982Assignee: Ford Motor CompanyInventors: Howard D. Blair, Morton E. Milberg
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Patent number: 4314794Abstract: A transpiration cooled blade for a gas turbine engine is assembled from a plurality of individual airfoil-shaped hollow ceramic washers stacked upon a ceramic platform which in turn is seated on a metal root portion. The airfoil portion so formed is enclosed by a metal cap covering the outermost washer. A metal tie tube is welded to the cap and extends radially inwardly through the hollow airfoil portion and through aligned apertures in the platform and root portion to terminate in a threaded end disposed in a cavity within the root portion housing a tension nut for engagement thereby. The tie tube is hollow and provides flow communication for a coolant fluid directed through the root portion and into the hollow airfoil through apertures in the tube. The ceramic washers are made porous to the coolant fluid to cool the blade via transpiration cooling.Type: GrantFiled: October 25, 1979Date of Patent: February 9, 1982Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corp.Inventors: Abe N. Holden, deceased, by Joyce A. Holden, executrix
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Patent number: 4312599Abstract: A high temperature cushion for a low ductility member or article, such as of a ceramic material, comprises a flexible, fibrous core of a resilient, refractory material, and a metal foil of a high temperature material covering the core. The foil has ductility sufficient to be formed about the core, the core and foil being further characterized by the ability to withstand a temperature of at least about 1,000.degree. F. (about 540.degree. C.) Forms of such a cushion include an annular bushing and various shaped holders and interface members. Such a cushion can be included as a part of a high temperature operating article which comprises metal portions functioning as backing or holding members, a low ductility article or member such as of a ceramic material, a high temperature cushion interfacing between the metal portions and the member, and a securing member mechanically joining the metal portion with the low ductility member.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 1979Date of Patent: January 26, 1982Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventor: Ramgopal Darolia
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Patent number: 4311433Abstract: A transpiration cooled ceramic blade for a gas turbine is shown wherein a spar or strut member defining a root portion and an airfoil portion provides the main structural component of the blade. The air foil portion contains longitudinal grooves in the surface in flow communication with an air flow passage in the root portion and a flexible perforated ceramic tape is wrapped around the air foil portion with the perforations therein in registry with the grooves in the core. The flexible ceramic tape and the strut assembly are heated initially to a low temperature to drive off the binder forming the tape and then heated to a relatively high temperature to fuse the ceramic component of the tape together and to the strut to form a unitary blade structure with internal air flow paths and transpiratin cooling orifices through the skin.Type: GrantFiled: January 16, 1979Date of Patent: January 19, 1982Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corp.Inventors: Raymond J. Bratton, Clarence A. Andersson
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Patent number: 4295791Abstract: A unitary ceramic gas turbine wheel for use in gas turbine engines having turbine inlet temperatures in excess of 2000.degree. F. includes an outer rim of reduced axial length that is merged with scallops in the upstream face of the turbine wheel to reduce leading edge stresses in integral turbine wheel blades of airfoil configuration and wherein the fairing of the airfoil into the rim is configured to produce a reduction in the polar moment of inertia of the turbine wheel to improve engine acceleration characteristics.Type: GrantFiled: August 20, 1979Date of Patent: October 20, 1981Assignee: General Motors CorporationInventor: Jesse F. Johnson
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Patent number: 4293619Abstract: A composite and a method for bonding the composite. The composite includes a ceramic portion of silicon nitride, a refractory metal portion and a layer of MoSi.sub.2 indirectly bonding the composite together. The method includes contacting the layer of MoSi.sub.2 with a surface of the silicon nitride and with a surface of the metal; heating the layer to a temperature below 1400.degree. C.; and, simultaneously with the heating, compressing the layer such that the contacting is with a pressure of at least 30 MPa. This composite overcomes useful life problems in the fabrication of parts for a helical expander for use in power generation.Type: GrantFiled: June 11, 1979Date of Patent: October 6, 1981Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventors: Richard L. Landingham, Sarah A. Huffsmith
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Patent number: 4285634Abstract: A gas turbine blade constituted of a supportive metallic blade core and a thin-walled ceramic blade airfoil, in which the airfoil is supported against a tip plate of the blade core. The blade core consists of rod or wire-shaped pins which have widened bases at their radially inner ends. Through these widened bases, the pins are retained in a metallic adapter slidable into a turbine disc.Type: GrantFiled: August 9, 1979Date of Patent: August 25, 1981Assignee: Motoren-und Turbinen-Union Munchen GmbHInventors: Axel Rossman, Wilhelm Hoffmuller, Wolfgang Kruger
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Patent number: 4279575Abstract: A machined-to-size superalloy turbine rotor disc for a gas turbine engine has its fatigue life increased by coating its fatigue-prone machined surfaces with an air-impervious protective layer of material which retains its integrity and adherence to the machined surfaces for a large number of mechanical and heat stress cycles.Type: GrantFiled: October 24, 1978Date of Patent: July 21, 1981Assignee: Rolls-Royce LimitedInventor: Peter Avery
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Patent number: 4279576Abstract: A rotating speed detecting device of a turbocharger comprising the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel which are fixed onto the opposed ends of the rotary shaft. A hole is formed on the central portion of the shaft. An electromagnetic detector is arranged in the vicinity of the central portion of the shaft so that the detecting head of the detector can face the hole of the shaft.Type: GrantFiled: June 28, 1979Date of Patent: July 21, 1981Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Hiroshi Okano, Yoshihisa Gunji
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Patent number: 4272954Abstract: A ceramic turbine rotor fitted to a metal shaft has an integral stub shaft extending into the hollow end of the metal shaft, and is resiliently retained therein by a clamping and tightening member. In order to prevent relative rotation between the rotor and the shaft during torque transfer, the stub shaft within the metal shaft has a polygonal cross section, and the clamping member and the void on the hollow shaft have mating, but successively bigger cross sections.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 1979Date of Patent: June 16, 1981Assignee: United Turbine AB & Co., KommanditbolagInventor: Sven-Olof Kronogard
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Patent number: 4247259Abstract: A composite, ceramic/metallic fabricated blade unit for an axial flow rotor includes an elongated metallic support member having an airfoil-shaped strut, one end of which is connected to a dovetail root for attachment to the rotor disc, while the opposite end thereof includes an end cap of generally airfoil-shape. The circumferential undercut extending between the end cap and the blade root is clad with an airfoil-shaped ceramic member such that the cross-section of the ceramic member substantially corresponds to the airfoil-shaped cross-section of the end cap, whereby the resulting composite ceramic/metallic blade has a smooth, exterior airfoil surface. The metallic support member has a longitudinally extending opening through which coolant is passed during the fabrication of the blade.Type: GrantFiled: April 18, 1979Date of Patent: January 27, 1981Assignee: Avco CorporationInventors: Michael S. Saboe, Barry Goldblatt
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Patent number: D262791Type: GrantFiled: March 12, 1979Date of Patent: January 26, 1982Assignee: Sybron CorporationInventors: Vincent J. Piarulli, Franklyn J. Amorse, Erwin J. Nunlist