Abstract: A road marking machine comprising a spray gun and a combination of two displacement pumps for supplying the marking substance to the spray gun, wherein the combination is driven in proportion with the traveling speed and wherein the pumps, each after starting the positive displacement operation thereof, which starts during the supply operation of the corresponding other displacement pump, pre-compress the marking substance, then stops and continues the pressure stroke when the other displacement pump ends its supply, with hydraulic cylinders for driving the displacement pumps.

Abstract: A control system, particularly adaptable to multiple-pump operations in process units, is disclosed. A measured variable, such as pressure, is sensed by a master controller. The master controller, in turn, sends a signal to the driver of the individual pumps or in other ways regulates the output of the two pumps. The master controller is configured to send different signals simultaneously to the two pumps in response to a change in the measured variable. The result is that the response time of one of the pumps is faster than the other. Thus, minor deviations from the desired setpoint of the measured variable are primarily responded to by the pump configured to react faster.

Abstract: Apparatus for delivering a water treatment chemical to a water intake in a water system is disclosed. The water system has a water inlet and a pump for withdrawing water from a natural body of water, such as an underground aquifer, a river, a lake or the like. In a water system that draws water from a body of water that is inhabited by zebra mussels, the apparatus is operable, when water is being drawn into the system, to deliver a zebra mussel control agent to the inlet of the system to eliminate zebra mussels, if present, from the water system and to prevent the infestation of the water system by zebra mussels. In a water system that draws water from an underground aquifer, the apparatus is operable, when the system is drawing water, to deliver a water treatment chemical to or near the water inlet for the system and to cause thorough mixing of the water treatment chemical with the water, before it reaches a reservoir in the system, whereby undesired impurities are controlled or removed from the water.

Abstract: A dairy chemical dispensing system for supplying an amount of at least one chemical to a utilization point in a dairy wash system, comprising: (a) an operator input controller for receiving operator input comprising input of a given amount of chemical to be supplied to the utilization point, and providing a signal corresponding to the operator input; and (b) a chemical dispenser in operative contact with the operator input controller, comprising a chemical source conduit, a pump connected to the chemical source conduit and to a chemical output conduit for supplying the chemical at a predetermined flow rate to the utilization point, a flow sensor connected to the output conduit for measuring an actual flow rate of the chemical through the output conduit, and a data processor electrically coupled to the pump and the flow sensor, where the data processor(1) receives the signal from the operator input controller, and based on that signal, determines a pump activation time necessary to supply the given amount of c

Abstract: A suction roll for a paper machine or the like including a perforated annular roll shell which is rotatable. A stationary suction box inside the roll shell with respect to which the shell rotates. The suction box is defined between two circumferentially spaced sealing ledges at the roll shell. A noise dampening chamber on the downstream side of the suction box defined by a further sealing ledge at the roll shell. A conduit communicating to the noise damping chamber to allow increased pressure in the chamber which reduces noise. At least one of a snifter valve, a suction blower, an air pump and a water pump communicating to the conduit for selectively adjusting the pressure in the noise damping chamber for damping roll noise.

Abstract: A plurality of variable speed centrifugal compressors operated in parallel form an HVAC or refrigeration system. The compressors are operated at proportionally synchronized speeds throughout their range of operation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling a multicompressor station so that the overall work requirement of the station is minimized while maintaining the compressors in a non-surge conditions. The apparatus includes interconnected control loops for controlling the turbine speed of variable speed compressors or the throttling valves of constant speed compressors that determine a set of criterion for computing the value and sign of the first derivative of work performed by the station. The speed of each compressor is then set to reduce overall system work while maintaining discharge pressure of the station and maintaining the compressors in a non-surge operating format. The method includes the steps of computing the criterion, computing the value and sign of the first derivative of the work function and adjusting the compressor speed to minimize station work while maintaining the compressors in a non-surge condition.

Abstract: Balancing the load between compressors is not trivial. An approach is disclosed to balance loads for compression systems which have the characteristic that the surge parameters, S, change in the same direction with rotational speed during the balancing process. Load balancing control involves equalizing the pressure ratio, rotational speed, or power (or functions of these) when the compressors are operating far from surge. Then, as surge is approached, all compressors are controlled, such that they arrive at their surge control lines simultaneously.

Abstract: An arrangement for regulating fluid conditioning stations including a plurality of pumping devices, at least one fluid storage reservoir, at least one pressure transducer and regulating mechanism, the conditioning station providing a fluid at a certain pressure and flow for consumption. The pumping devices start and stop such that the pressure in the fluid storage reservoir or reservoirs is maintained between two limit values of pressure (the start pressure and the stop pressure). Only one pumping device is started when the pressure in the storage reservoir(s) reaches or exceeds the value of the start pressure or when the flow provided by the pumping devices in operation is less than the consumption flow. Only one pumping device is stopped when the pressure in the storage reservoir(s) reaches the value of the stop pressure or when the flow provided by the pumping devices in operation is greater than the consumption flow.

Abstract: A compressor control system for a commercial refrigeration system includes a variable speed compressor and multiple fixed speed compressors. The control system calculates a variable which fluctuates according to the desired capacity of the system and is calculated as a function of the difference between a variable indicative of the refrigeration load on the system, such as compressor suction pressure, and a target value. A "PID" proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller is used in which terms have been added which fluctuate as a function of the square of the difference between the sensed variable and the target value and as a function of the second derivative of the control variable with respect to time. Fixed speed compressors are turned on or off and the speed of the variable speed compressor is adjusted to bring the actual refrigeration capacity of the system in line with the system refrigeration requirements.

Abstract: Control system for maintaining selected pressure in a gas distribution system including a header and multiple takeoffs from the header including a compressor to supply gas to the header at selected pressure range, a control valve in the header upstream of the first takeoff, an actuator to operate the valve to modulate flow to the header, a pressure transducer to measure the pressure of the gas in the header between the valve and the first takeoff, a controller to receive a signal from the pressure transducer and generate a controller signal corresponding to a valve position required to maintain the flow of gas to the header to maintain the selected pressure and a position control device to receive the controller signal and an electronic position feedback signal from the actuator to indicate the position of the valve with a comparator to compare the valve position signal with the controller signal and an operator to operate the actuator to move the valve in a direction to the position where the position feedba

Abstract: A multiple pump, multiple tank fluid control system incorporates a programmable processor which communicates with an operator input/output control panel which can be switched between each member of the plurality of tanks. Pump on and off levels for a selected tank can be readily set electronically using control switches on the control panel. On and off levels for different pumps can be nested readily by the operator to provide multiple pump capacity as deemed desirable by the operator.

Abstract: A fire fighting system introduces a liquid chemical foam concentrate into a water stream. The system may incorporate either or both of a hydraulic motor driven pump under control of a microprocessor-based hydraulic valve driver and an electric motor driven pump under control of a DC motor drive circuit. The DC motor drive circuit is adapted to be connected in electrical communication with the hydraulic valve driver and with a display/controller also incorporating a microprocessor. When operating in the dual mode, when the quantity of chemical foamant that must be added to the water stream to maintain a desired percentage mixture exceeds the capacity of the electric motor driven foam pump, control is transferred, via the hydraulic valve driver, to allow a hydraulic motor to drive a separate foam pump.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus having a housing in which at least a heat source is housed, the housing being provided with an intake port and an exhaust port, the electronic apparatus comprising a cooling fan mounted in the exhaust port, an auxiliary cooling fan placed near the heat source, a first control portion for controlling a revolving speed of the cooling fan in accordance with a temperature of intake air, and a second control portion for controlling a revolving speed of the auxiliary cooling fan in a first mode when the revolving speed of the cooling fan is less than a reference speed and in a second mode when the revolving speed of the cooling fan is greater than the reference speed, the revolving speed of the auxiliary cooling fan controlled in the first mode being greater than the revolving speed of the auxiliary cooling fan controlled in the second mode.

Abstract: A VAV air conditioning system has a micro-computer control device, a main fan motor, a by-pass fan motor, a heat exchange pipe assembly. The micro-computer control device has a function setting unit, temperature detecting units, a central processing unit and an output control unit and a power supply unit. A control circuit is used to control the main fan motor to supply air led through the heat exchange pipe assembly in accordance with a loading requirement in a closed space so that the temperature thereof can be precisely controlled. As a conditioning loading is lowered, the control circuit can make the main fan motor slow down so as to reduce the supply of conditioned air volume, causing a decrease of main air supply. In the meanwhile, the control circuit outputs another power variable signal to a by-pass fan motor which can produce air supply led directly into the closed space without going through the heat exchange pipe assembly.

Abstract: A fluid transfusing device and method of control therefor includes a plurality of pump driving portions and a microprocessor. Each pump driving portion is for driving a pump, and the microprocessor controls the pump driving portions. The microprocessor executes a fluid transfusing device control program, and interrupts the fluid transfusing device control program upon receiving a pump interrupt. The microprocessor then executes a pump driving interrupt module. When the microprocessor executes the pump driving module, the microprocessor generates a pump driving pulse to control a pump driving portion associated with the pump corresponding to the pump interrupt, determines receipt of another pump interrupt corresponding to a another pump, and generates a pump driving pulse to control a pump driving portion associated with the another pump corresponding to the another pump interrupt.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for simulation of field fluid flow conditions under elevated temperature and pressure conditions of oil and gas production, refining, cooling towers, desalinization. The process involves evaluating inhibitor action in reduction of a specified chemical reaction under simulated field aqueous flow conditions by forming first and second aqueous flow streams having a preset concentration of anions and cations, respectively, for the specified chemical reaction with at least one of these streams having a concentration of the inhibitor to inhibit the specified chemical reaction. These streams are combined to form a single process stream where the specified chemical reaction may take place. The process is repeated with successive reductions in inhibitor until detecting the specified chemical reaction in the process stream.

Abstract: To control a solvent composition in a supercritical fluid system, a first pump pumps a first solvent through a first conduit into a mixer and a second pump pumps a second solvent through a second conduit into the mixer. First and second transducers measure the pressure in the first and second conduits and generate first and second signals proportional to the pressures. Each pressure signal is multiplied by a corresponding programmed concentration signal and compared to the programmed pressure in a feedback system to generate an error signal. The error signal is multiplied by concentration signals from a programmer to control the pumping rate of each pump. The pumps pressurize each fluid one at a time at the start of a run. The pressurization process is also used for producing disturbance-free flow as delivery is changed from one pump to another during prolonged runs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for supplying and delivering fluids at a constant pressure includes means for measuring fluid pressure, means for measuring fluid flow and means for actuating fluid valves to control fluid pressure and flow through the valves. A programming means is also included so that fluid pressure and flow measurements are processed and the fluid valves are actuated according to a preprogrammed scheme.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for maintaining a main process gas parameter such as suction pressure discharge pressure, discharge flow, etc. of a compressor station with multiple dynamic compressors, which enables a station controller controlling the main process gas parameter to increase or decrease the total station performance to restore the main process gas parameter to a required level, first by simultaneous change of performances of all individual compressors, for example, by decreasing their speeds, and then after operating points of all machines reach their respective surge control lines, by simultaneous opening of individual antisurge valves. In the proposed load-sharing scheme, one compressor is automatically selected as a leading machine. For parallel operation, the compressor which is selected as the leader is the one having the largest distance to its surge control line.

Abstract: A multi-shaft driving apparatus includes a plurality of motors each for rotating one of a plurality of shafts to be synchronously rotated, an encoder, provided for each motor, for detecting a rotational state of the shafts, a pulse generator for generating a pulse signal for rotating the shafts, and a motor control circuit, provided for each motor, for inputting the pulse signal generated by the pulse generator for rotating the shafts and a pulse signal detected by the encoder and used as a feedback signal. The motor control circuit has a PLL control section and a rotational angle phasing section so that a rotational angle phasing control loop is generated to perform a rotational angle phasing operation by the rotational angle phasing section so to as place the shafts in position at a driving start and after performing the rotational angle phasing operation, a rising and steady control loop is generated to perform an operation from a rise state to a steady state by the PLL control section.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system for pumping a fluid into a common pressure outlet. The system contains a plurality of reciprocating pumps. A separate sensor coupled to one cylinder of each pump provides an electrical signal each time the piston in that cylinder is at a predetermined position. A speed control circuit is provided to independently adjust the speed of each pump. Manual speed control for each pump is provided through a separate throttle for each pump. A pump control circuit coupled to each of the throttles, sensors and speed control circuit controls the operation of the system. An operator determines which of the pumps to operate by closing appropriate bypass switches provided at the pump control circuit, turns on the first (master) pump and adjusts its associated throttle to operate the pump at a desired speed. The operator then turns on each of the remaining (slave) pumps.

Abstract: A multichannel pump system for HPLC and other uses has a plurality of fluid pumps whose input is fed separately to at least one high pressure mixing unit downstream of the pumps and any associated items such as pulse dampeners and pressure transducers. A pump controller is connected to control each of the pumps separately in a coordinated manner to provide a plurality of operational modes. The operational modes include an isocratic mode, in which optionally the output of solvent of like composition from two or more pumps is pooled to provide increased output capacity, as well as binary, ternary, etc., gradient modes in which different solvents are selectively mixed before being applied to an analytical unit such as an HPLC column. The pump system further includes a novel linear drive pump having interchangeable piston modules providing different ranges of flow rates. The linear drive pump is capable of providing precise solvent delivery at high pressure for flow rates from 20 ml/minute down to 0.

Abstract: A pump system is disclosed which operates at high efficency in either a high volume, low pressure mode or a low volume, high pressure mode. First and second internal gear pumps are driven by a common drive shaft. The first pump has a smaller displacment than the second pump and both pumps deliver pressurized fluid to a common discharge passage. An unloading valve is operative to dump the output of the second pump in response to fluid pressure in the discharge passage so that it delivers fluid to the load device only when the pressure is below a predetermined value. The unloading valve also performs the function of a low capacity accumulator. A check valve is provided to prevent back flow in the outlet of the second pump.

Abstract: A scroll type compressor having a pair of scroll type compression units which are encased in the same casing so as to make a common use of a lubricating oil reservoir provided in the casing, wherein the compression units have compression elements, drive shafts, driving motors and other components which are of the same constructions and specifications, and wherein each of the compression units are adapted to be driven selectively by commercial electrical power or through a frequency-variable inverter so as to operate at different speeds. Since both compression units can be made up from the same components such as the compression elements, loads in the production, service and administration, are greatly reduced contributing to a reduction in the labor and cost, while eliminating any mounting error.

Abstract: An electric-motor hydraulic pump includes a housing having a stationary internal shaft. A pair of cylinder blocks are rotatably carried by the shaft within the housing, and an array of pistons are slidably disposed with each cylinder block. A yoke plate is mounted within the housing and engages the pistons for determining displacement of the pistons within the cylinder blocks. Fluid inlet and outlet ports are provided in the housing and are coupled to the cylinder blocks. An induction motor includes a rotor carried by the cylinder block for corotation therewith, and a stator mounted within the housing surrounding the rotor. An electronic controller for controlling outlet fluid pressure and flow from the pump includes a plurality of sensors mounted on the housing for sensing operating characteristics of the pump and motor to provide electronic sensor signals as functions thereof.

Abstract: A water chilling apparatus comprising a plurality of chilling modules each having a refrigerating cycle mainly composed of a compressor, a condensor, an evaporator and an expansion mechanism, and a control module having a water pump for feeding, to an object to be chilled, chilling water cooled down by the evaporator of each chilling module, a detector for detecting a temperature of the chilling water and a water temperature controller. A chilling ability of each chilling module in response to a variable frequency is kept at substantially the same level. A capacity of the compressor of each chilling module is variably controlled in a range between an upper limit capacity and a lower limit capacity. The water temperature controller is used to calculate a whole necessary capacity value needed in the compressors of all the chilling modules as a function as a deviation between a set value of the chilling water temperature and a chilling water temperature detected by the detector.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder pulseless pump mechanism is provided which incorporates a plurality of positive displacement pumps having their respective outlets coupled for sequentially delivering a continuous pulseless supply of fluid to an outlet line. To achieve pulseless fluid flow from the synchronously operating piston pumps and to achieve sensitive operation even under high pressure conditions a differential pressure sensor is provided having a pair of bridge type strain gauge transducers which render finite voltages above zero at all pressure conditions and thus provide transducer output signals that are free from electrical noise typically associated with zero voltage. One of the transducer signals is buffered to drive a recording device to show system pressure level.

Abstract: An electric motor driven inline hydraulic apparatus comprises a common housing, a stationary shaft mounted in said housing and spaced pump cylinder block subassemblies that rotate around and are mounted on said shaft. Each subassembly includes a cylinder block and a plurality of circumferentially spaced pistons. The cylinder block subassemblies are positioned such that the pistons of one subassembly extend toward the other subassembly. A common yoke plate is mounted between the two cylinder blocks and bears the two groups of piston shoes, one on each of its two bearing surfaces. Each cylinder block is driven independent of and in direction opposite to the other by an electric motor integrally mounted such that its hollow rotor houses the block and drives it. All components described above are contained in one housing and operate submerged in hydraulic fluid.

Abstract: A plurality of different liquid solutions are connected to an input of a pump system having at least two displacement chambers and in a manner to control the proportions of each constituent that are taken into each chamber during its intake stroke. The outputs of the chambers are connected to a common liquid output. The chambers are driven by independently controllable motors so that the discharge stroke may be chosen to have some parameters, such as speed profile and duration, that are different than during the intake stroke. As a result, both chambers may simultaneously discharge liquid through the common output, if desired. The proportion of constituents may be made different each time one of the chambers is filled, so the simultaneous discharge of the chambers allows a gradual, carefully controlled change from the mixture of one chamber to that of the other.

Abstract: An air supply and control apparatus for an inflatable mattress 2 has several air compressors 1 which are operated in turn, during normal operation, to inflate the mattress 2. In the case of the pressure in the mattress 2 falling below an upper preset value the air supply is provided by having more than one air compressor 1 operate simultaneously. The apparatus has electronic circuitry for effecting this alteration of the mode of operation when pressure sensing means 4 detects a fall in mattress pressure. In the case of a more severe drop in mattress pressure a valve 16 in an air outlet of the mattress 2 is closed under control of the electronic circuitry. The apparatus is particularly suitable for use with a mattress 2 having a plurality of separately inflatable regions, air being supplied to the regions from the air compressors 1 via a distributor 3.

Abstract: A closed loop control is provided to control pressure and/or temperature in a system where one or more liquid ring vacuum pumps evacuate a recipient. The suction ability of the liquid ring vacuum pumps is controlled either by speed control, operating water temperature, switching-on and -off of pumps or bypass-air. Simultaneous control of all operating characteristics is achieved with a programmable electronic controller.

Abstract: After the pumping station set points for a desired pipeline operation are calculated, they are used by process controllers at the individual pumping stations to control operations at the station. Measured values of the station's performance are compared with the set points. If these values differ enough as to require a change in the speed of the compressors, the speed of the compressors then operating is then slowly changed (or ramped) so as to bring the pipeline into operation at the set points that were calculated. Ramping is performed so that the operating efficiency of the compressors is always maintained at approximately a predetermined level. If it is found that a change is required in the number of compressors being used, this is brought to the attention of the operator of the pipeline who must then decide to let the controller effect the change. At frequent intervals, each compressor is checked for surge and stonewall conditions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the amount of fluid (12) pumped to a using implement by a fluid distribution system (10) is the subject of this application. The apparatus includes a weir chamber (40) into which fluid diverted from a fluid supply line (22) into a return line (36) floods. A head is generated in the chamber (40), the height of the head depending upon the volumetric rate of residual flow through the return line (36). Sensing means (52, 54) are provided in the chamber (40) to sense the volumetric rate of flow of diverted fluid. The amount of fluid (12) pumped through the supply line (22) is controlled, in response to the head sensed in the weir chamber (40), by a controller unit (62) which governs operation of pumps (24) pumping fluid (12) through the supply line (22).

Abstract: A method of control and control apparatus for load sharing between multiple compressors working in parallel and/or in series which enables all of the load-sharing compressors to carry their optimum share of the load. This load-sharing scheme follows the safest load-sharing formula and also provides for substantial energy savings. It automatically divides the load whenever a strong decoupling between process control and compressors after the compressors' operating points cross their Surge Control lines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit for ventilating and filtering the medium contained in a confinement enclosure (10) and also a method for sterilizing such an enclosure and its supply and discharge filters.An emergency or standby circuit is associated with the circuit ensuring ventilation and filtration under normal operating conditions and which comprises a supply pipe (20) and a discharge pipe (12), equipped with a suction fan (14). The said emergency circuit comprises the same pipes used in the opposite direction under the action of a suction fan (28) located in supply pipe (20), whereby said fan (28) can be automatically controlled by a pressostat (30). Sterilization is performed chemically, using a sterilizer which is connected to the supply duct between a valve and the supply filters disposed downstream of the valve. The sterilizer delivers a sterilizing agent which passes successively through the supply filters, the enclosure and the discharge filters.

Abstract: An improved pressure booster system includes a control circuit which senses the temperature at the inlet and outlet of the system and shuts-down a booster pump when the temperature differential between the inlet and outlet exceeds a predetermined level.

Abstract: A multiple pumping chamber pump in which the pressures in at least two of said chambers are equal for at least a portion of their pumping cycles, maintains a constant flow of pumped material by utilizing control means that selectively and continually replaces one material pumping chamber with another after the pressures in both of said chambers have equalized and after the outputs of said chambers have been connected to a common output conduit, by gradually and simultaneously causing a decrease in the pumping rate of material from one of said compression chambers and, to the same extent, a corresponding increase in the pumping rate of material from another of said chambers until the material pumping rate from one of said chambers is reduced from its normal pumping rate to zero and the pumping rate from the other of said chambers has been increased to the said normal pumping rate from the said chamber that had its flow rate reduced to zero.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control system for automatic, continuous sequencing and modulating the flow rate of a plurality of high pressure pumps, having specific, albeit not exclusive application to mud pumps used in well drilling procedures.More particularly, the essence of the invention reposes in a novel volume output sensing servo system which continuously senses deviation in pump drive fluid volume output and automatically responds to such changes to maintain proper pump sequence.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pumping system for supplying fluid at a variable delivery rate in accordance with demand. The system includes one pump having a variable delivery rate and one or more auxiliary pumps arranged in parallel therewith, each having a fixed delivery rate. The variable delivery pump operates over a predetermined control range between minimum and maximum rates. Each fixed delivery rate pump has on and off operating modes with the on mode delivery rate being at the maximum delivery rate of the variable delivery pump. A control unit for operating the pumps matches the pump delivery with the demand. The control unit functions to set the variable delivery pump at its minimum delivery rate when operation of the fixed delivery pump is initiated during upward demand control and for setting it at its maximum delivery rate when operation of the fixed delivery pump is terminated during downward demand control.

Abstract: A die lubricant central system which will distribute a diluted material to individual die casting machines, and which includes apparatus for the concentrate holding function, the mixing or proportioning function of the concentrate with a diluent, the diluted material holding function, and the pumping of the diluted material function, all in one integral system.

Abstract: In a system for controlling the flow rate of water supplied in a multi-pump water supply system which includes a pond or reservoir for the water, a first characteristic curve representing the cumulative values of predicted load flow rates over a period of time and a second characteristic curve representing the sum of the cumulative values and the capacity of the pond are generated. Operation routes restricted as to the number of pump change-over operations are then sought so that the routes pass through the region between the first and second characteristic curves and the gradient of the portion of each operation route is changed when the operation route crosses with the first or second characteristic curve. Among the operation routes sought, there is selected an optimum operation route which has the most suitable evaluation function from the point of view of energy consumption and efficiency. The pumps are then controlled in number in response to the selected operation route.

Abstract: Pumping apparatus which incorporates connected piston type positive displacement, slip free pumps is disclosed. They provide pumped outputs at a common displacement rate. They run out of phase to one another so that while one is pumping, the other is able to refill. A three way valve under control of a pressure responsive switch delivers pumped fluid to the down stream outlet when a pressure match is achieved. The apparatus finds application as a constant rate continuous fluid injection pump.

Abstract: A closed cycle energy conversion system adaptable for use with, inter alia, solar collectors and other sources of available heat for increasing the temperature of a circulating fluid to a super heated condition and employing a substantially vertically positioned gas expander column comprising an endless arrangement of cups journaled for movement in a closed path within a liquid medium in the column for trapping the super heated fluid when flashed into a gas inside a succession of the cups inverted at the bottom of the column and displacing at least a part of the liquid in the cups, thereby providing a buoyancy force on the cups causing them to rise in the column exerting a rotating force on the endless arrangement of cups. The trapped gas is released at the top of the liquid in the column to be condensed, pressurized and recirculated to solar collectors and/or other sources of heat for reuse in the system.

Abstract: Liquid effluent from a sewage treatment plant is injected into a disposal well by gravity feed, and alternatively by pressurized feed when the effluent load becomes too great for the gravity feed to handle, or when the gravity feed is slowed by the presence of solids in the effluent. The disposal well is reverse purged when necessary to remove obstructing solids.