Abstract: A device usable as an impeller has a plurality of vanes rotating eccentrically about a shaft. Eccentric rotation is enabled by a cam mounted on the shaft. The vanes are received within slots in a rotor which surrounds the shaft and rotates about an axis coaxial with the shaft. The rotor rotates within a housing having a cylindrical surface facing the rotor. The surface is eccentric to the shaft. The vanes execute reciprocal motion upon rotation of the rotor. The vane motion is constrained so that the edges of the vanes remain proximate to the cylindrical surface during rotation.

Abstract: A high capacity lightweight compact vane motor or pump system which utilizes vanes with extensions to improve efficiency of the system overall. The present invention generally includes a rotor housing, a rotor, a housing cover. The rotor housing will generally include a central opening in which the rotor is positioned. The rotor will generally include a plurality of radially spaced vane slots. A rotor vane will generally be positioned within each vane slot. Each rotor vane will generally include a first extension and a second extension, wherein the first extension extends into slidable engagement with a groove on the housing cover and the second extension extends into slidable engagement with a groove on the interior surface of the rotor housing. As the rotor is rotated within the housing, the vanes will slide into and out of the slots to create voids to hold oil to be expelled at the outlet.

Abstract: An engine having a rotor including at least one slot and at least one combustion chamber used to form a cavity is provided. The engine also includes at least one vane rollably disposed in the slot, and a block for receiving the rotor, and having a first quadrant including an inlet port, a second quadrant, a third quadrant, and a fourth quadrant having an outlet port. The vane moves through the first quadrant, drawing air into the block and the cavity. The vane then moves through the second quadrant, compressing the air. The vane then moves through the third quadrant, combusting the air, and forcing the rotor to rotate. The vane then moves through the fourth quadrant, forcing the air out of the outlet port.

Abstract: A rotary machine is provided, having a stator forming a chamber for a rotor, the stator having two sidewalls defining opposite sides of the chamber and a substantially continuous, circumferentially extending inner wall, and at least one inlet and outlet. A rotor and stator define two cavities at opposite ends of the chamber. The rotor has at least two radially extending slots and at least two radially movable vanes having first and second primary rollers and first and second secondary rollers mounted on a radially inward section of the vane. Two roller cam devices are each provided on a respective one of the stator side walls and are positioned centrally adjacent opposite sides of the rotor. In use, outer tips of the vanes slidingly engage the inner wall of the stator. The primary rollers limit outward vane movement due to centrifugal forces. Secondary rollers limit and control inward vanes movement.

Abstract: The housing of a vane-type machine has a largely cylindrical space for accommodating the vane cells. A shaft is eccentrically arranged in the housing. First and second guide plates are provided on the shaft. Slides displaceable largely radially to the shaft in the direction of the inner housing wall are guided by the guide plates. A vane cell is formed with the participation of two adjacent slides of the adjacent region of the inner housing wall and the volume of the vane cells in the region of an inlet opening differs from the volume of the vane cells in the region of an outlet opening. To increase the speed of the shaft and the temperature of the medium, the slides are lubricated by pressure oil and radially and axially guided by a guideway, which is fixed with respect to the housing.

Abstract: A rotary machine is provided, having a stator forming a chamber for a rotor, the stator having two sidewalls defining opposite sides of the chamber and a substantially continuous, circumferentially extending inner wall, and at least one inlet and outlet. A rotor and stator define two cavities at opposite ends of the chamber. The rotor has at least two radially extending slots and at least two radially movable vanes having first and second primary rollers and first and second secondary rollers mounted on a radially inward section of the vane. Two roller cam devices are each provided on a respective one of the stator side walls and are positioned centrally adjacent opposite sides of the rotor. In use, outer tips of the vanes slidingly engage the inner wall of the stator. The primary rollers limit outward vane movement due to centrifugal forces. Secondary rollers limit and control inward vanes movement.

Abstract: A roller vane pump for fluid includes a carrier which is rotatable in a housing about an axis of rotation, the carrier carrying a plurality of roller vanes which are each received in a respective slot which extends inwardly of a periphery of the carrier and permits the roller to move inwardly and outwardly in use, the housing surrounding the carrier, pumping chambers being formed between the rollers, the carrier and the housing, the rollers engaging with the housing and moving inwardly and outwardly of their respective slots as the carrier rotates, in response to the configuration of the housing so that the pumping chambers change in volume as the carrier rotates, to effect pumping of the fluid, from an inlet to an outlet of the pump, and wherein in each of the slots in which the rollers are received, there is provided a restrictor element which restricts movement of the roller inwardly of its respective slot.

Abstract: A rotary engine with multiple pivotally mounted lobes desmodromically extendible and retractable from a rotor to trace asymmetric volumes for inlet and compression and expansion and exhaust based on the contour of the engine case which the lobes sealingly engage.

Abstract: An engine is shown and disclosed having individual components that can be optimized depending upon the situation, application or desired performance of the engine. The individual components perform the intake, compression, combustion, expansion and exhaust elements of the cycle. These individual components can all be optimized for the particular application in which this engine is designed. The components can be easily individually controlled either mechanically or electrically and easily removed for repair or replacement.

Abstract: A heat engine having a rotary vane compressor and a rotary vane turbine operates in a highly efficient thermodynamic cycle which includes a power expansion phase up to ambient pressure and a limited temperature constant volume combustion followed by a constant pressure combustion and/or a constant temperature combustion. A compound propulsion engine utilizing the thermodynamic cycle has a primary stage having an axial compressor and a rotary vane turbine, and a secondary stage having an axial turbine and a rotary vane compressor, the two stages being aero-thermodynamically coupled to each other without provision of an interconnecting drive shaft.

Abstract: A rotary engine includes pistons disposed in operating chambers of a rotary member. The pistons are guided by guiding pieces engaged in a guiding groove formed at a housing so that the operating chambers are expanded. Each of the operating chambers includes an intake/exhaust port, which is opened or closed by a shutoff valve and a shutoff plate guided along guiding grooves formed at the housing. An exhaust chamber is caved in the housing so that an explosion stroke is carried out at the rear part of the exhaust chamber, whereby a rotating force is obtained. Compressed air is supplied into the operating chambers through air-supplying channels, which are opened or closed by shutoff valves, so that gas left in the operating chambers is forcibly discharged. Consequently, introduction of lubricant through the intake/exhaust ports or leakage of pressure is prevented, and large power is obtained.

Abstract: A motor for converting fluid pressure to rotational motivation, and pump for moving fluid, is provided. The motor/pump includes a drum provided within a cylindrical cavity defined by a housing. Vane assemblies are provided which extend through the inner drum, and are actuated to extend and retract through their operable coupling to a cam provided within the inner drum. As the inner drum rotates, the vanes extend and retract, alternately increasing and decreasing their drag coefficient, causing pressurized fluid admitted into the interior to drive the vanes and inner drum in a single direction. Alternatively, a power source may be coupled to the motor to drive the motor, thereby causing it to act as a pump for moving fluid from one location to another.

Abstract: A rotational engine that includes an annular cylinder block having an inner elliptical shape. A circular member having a number of cylinder heads is positioned centrally within the annular cylinder block. Upper and lower cylinder walls are positioned in recesses formed on the top and bottom surfaces of the annular cylinder block. Cylinder gates are disposed between the adjacent cylinder heads and extend radially to contact an inner surface of the annular cylinder block. The cylinder heads and upper and lower cylinder walls are coupled such that they rotate as a unit in response to an ignition of a fuel mixture.

Abstract: An expansion unit (4) for converting an expansion energy of pressure-increased steam into a rotation energy of an output shaft, wherein a cover member (26) is provided on the casing outer surface of the expansion unit (4). The cover member (26) has a function of sealing the end section of an output shaft (23) protruding beyond the casing outer surface against the outside and a function of recovering steam led out from the casing and has its pressured reduced after the conversion. The end section of the output shaft (23) provided inside the cover member (26) and a driven-side transmission shaft (119) disposed outside the cover member (26) are coupled with each other via a magnet type shaft coupling (120) so as to be able to transmit power, whereby the output shaft (23) and the driven-side transmission shaft (119) can be coupled without steam in the expansion unit leaking outside.

Abstract: Rotary type fluid machine includes a casing 7, a rotor 31 and a plurality of vane-piston units U1-U12 which are disposed in a radiate arrangement on the rotor 31. Each of the vane-piston units U1-U12 has a vane 42 sliding in a rotor chamber 14 and a piston 41 placed in abutment against an on-slide side of the vane 42. When it functions as an expanding machine 4, the expansion of a high pressure gas is used to operate the pistons 41 thereby to rotate the rotor 31 via vanes 42 and the expansion of a low pressure gas caused by a pressure reduction in the high pressure gas is used to rotate the rotor 31 via the vanes 41. On the other hand, when it functions as a compressing machine, the rotation of rotor 31 is used to supply a low pressure air to the side of pistons 41 via vanes 42 and further, the pistons 41 are operated by the vanes 42 to convert the low pressure air to the high pressure air.

Abstract: Rotary type fluid machine includes a casing 7, a rotor 31 and a plurality of vane-piston units U1-U12 which are disposed in a radiate arrangement on the rotor 31. Each of the vane-piston units U1-U12 has a vane 42 sliding in a rotor chamber 14 and a piston 41 placed in abutment against a non-slide side of the vane 42. When it functions as an expanding machine 4, the expansion of a high pressure gas is used to operate the pistons 41 thereby to rotate the rotor 31 via vanes 42 and the expansion of a low pressure gas caused by a pressure reduction in the high pressure gas is used to rotate the rotor 31 via the vanes 41. On the other hand, when it functions as a compressing machine, the rotation of rotor 31 is used to supply a low pressure air to the side of pistons 41 via vanes 42 and further, the pistons 41 are operated by the vanes 42 to convert the low pressure air to the high pressure air.

Abstract: Rotary type fluid machine includes a casing 7, a rotor 31 and a plurality of vane-piston units U1-U12 which are disposed in a radiate arrangement on the rotor 31. Each of the vane-piston units U1-U12 has a vane 42 sliding in a rotor chamber 14 and a piston 41 placed in abutment against a non-slide side of the vane 42. When it functions as an expanding machine 4, the expansion of a high pressure gas is used to operate the pistons 41 thereby to rotate the rotor 31 via vanes 42 and the expansion of a low pressure gas caused by a pressure reduction in the high pressure gas is used to rotate the rotor 31 via the vanes 41. On the other hand, when it functions as a compressing machine, the rotation of rotor 31 is used to supply a low pressure air to the side of pistons 41 via vanes 42 and further, the pistons 41 are operated by the vanes 42 to convert the low pressure air to the high pressure air.

Abstract: A motor comprising a housing defining a chamber, a plate provided within said chamber, and means for condensing a gas within said housing in a manner which creates a sufficient negative pressure near said plate to assist in movement of said plate.

Abstract: A direct-drive rotary engine having a rotor housing, the rotor housing having an interior wall structure which defines an open interior of the engine compartment, including an air intake region, a compression region, a combustion region, an expansion region and an exhaust region therein, in which is rotatably disposed a cylindrical rotor assembly coaxially fixed to an engine shaft. The rotor receives a plurality of slidable and retractable sliding walls in a radial arrangement, respectively at positions substantially equal spaced on circumference of said rotor. The sliding walls include a pair of compression rods which are pressures biased to the surrounding inner wall structure of the rotor housing during the rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: Rotary type fluid machine includes a casing 7, a rotor 31 and a plurality of vane-piston units U1-U12 which are disposed in a radiate arrangement on the rotor 31. Each of the vane-piston units U1-U12 has a vane 42 sliding in a rotor chamber 14 and a piston 41 placed in abutment against a non-slide side of the vane 42. When it functions as an expanding machine 4, the expansion of a high pressure gas is used to operate the pistons 41 thereby to rotate the rotor 31 via vanes 42 and the expansion of a low pressure gas caused by a pressure reduction in the high pressure gas is used to rotate the rotor 31 via the vanes 41. On the other hand, when it functions as a compressing machine, the rotation of rotor 31 is used to supply a low pressure air to the side of pistons 41 via vanes 42 and further, the pistons 41 are operated by the vanes 42 to convert the low pressure air to the high pressure air.

Abstract: A rotary vane apparatus where the rotor has a rotational axis and carries at least one vane which is supported by a vane guide apparatus for rotation about a stator axis which is spaced from the rotor axis a preselected amount and where both the rotor and vane have axial flat surfaces which are rotated adjacent to stationary flat surfaces of a stator or stator endplates, the invention provides axial adjustment of the vane with respect to the flat surface of the stator endplates and independently provides an adjustment of the rotor end surfaces with respect to the stator end surfaces.

Abstract: A rotary engine utilizes an expansion chamber and crescent piston to capture the energy of expanding combustion gases through out substantially all of each revolution of the piston. The rotary engine uses a crescent piston, the movement of which is guided by the combined action of a hub having a saddle supporting the piston and a can track. The invention burns fuel in a separate combustion chamber charged from a coaxially mounted compressor and controlled by a pass gate sentry valve. The rotary engine of the invention is cooled by an internal coolant injection system. The coolant solution may contain a alkaline reagent to react with and neutralize acidic components of the combustion gases which would otherwise remain in the exhaust and contribute to air pollution. The rotary engine of the present invention is adaptable to compression ignition fuels and spark ignition fuels. The invention may be constructed of conventional metallic materials as well as composites and ceramics.

Abstract: A rotary-turbine internal combustion engine, having working members that make oscillatory movements about an axle fixed to a rotor using carriers that couple the working members and a guide on a body, makes it possible to provide good smoothness of rolling over the guide by carriers and a simpler shape of the guide. Simplicity of the shape makes it possible to obtain high quality of working surfaces, good smoothness of rolling over the guide profile and high frequencies of rotation of the rotor. A rotary-turbine internal combustion engine includes a rotor having longitudinal flaps swivel-mounted along the axis of rotation of the rotor in the area of the external diameter of the rotor, which flaps separate from one another the spaces disposed on both sides of each of the flaps. The rotor is positioned in a cylindrical body, on whose end face wall is arranged an annular guide that contacts carriers of the flaps.

Abstract: A rotary engine including a drive element rotatably disposed within an open interior of a drive chamber, the drive chamber having an interior wall structure which defines the open interior including a fuel intake region, a combustion region, an exhaust region, and a fluid intake region therein. The engine further includes a plurality of combustion chambers disposed about a periphery of the drive element and movable with the drive element relative to the drive chamber.

Abstract: A guided-vane type rotary apparatus including a housing, a rotor rotatably mounted within the housing for rotation about an axis, and vanes associated with the rotor for movement radially with respect thereto between alternative radial positions utilizes an endless groove defined in the housing and cam follower elements which are joined to the vanes and captured between the walls of the groove. As the rotor is rotated about its axis and the vanes are forced to rotate within the housing in conjunction with the rotor, the cam follower elements are guided along the groove and force the vanes to move radially of the rotor between alternative radial positions. Thus, the walls of the groove and each mechanism joined to a vane cooperate as cam and cam follower, respectively, to move the corresponding vane between alternative radial positions as the rotor is rotated within the housing.

Abstract: A sliding vane machine with a cylindrical rotor (11) eccentrically placed in a housing, the rotor being rotatably mounted in the housing with its periphery in contact with the interior of the housing at one point and being provided with a number of vanes (13). The vanes are guided in grooves (12) in the rotor (11) for essentially radial movement and delimit, together with the rotor (11) and the housing (1), chambers (14) for transporting a medium from an inlet opening (15) to a delivery opening (16). The movement of each of the vanes (13) is guided by at least one guide (17, 18), which runs along a guide race (19) in the housing. The guide race (19) and/or the interior of the housing (1) has such a shape, that the radially distal end of each vane (13) follows the contour of the interior of the housing (1).

Abstract: A sliding-blade water jet propulsion apparatus has an oval-shaped chamber and a water channel extending generally tangential to the chamber with a cylindrical rotor rotatably mounted eccentrically in the chamber. The rotor has at least two rectangular blades slidably mounted in slots extending through the cylindrical rotor in mutually perpendicular relation and each blade is independently movable relative to the other in a radial direction. Each blade has a guide element extending from opposed sides and through the opposed end walls of the rotor which are slidably received in guide grooves in the chamber end walls. The guide elements traveling in the guide grooves cause the blades to extend and retract radially with their outer ends following the inner periphery of the chamber side wall and a portion of the water channel with a constant clearance.

Abstract: A non-contact rotary vane gas expanding apparatus functions to convert controlled expansion of gas under pressure to rotary motive power.

Abstract: A rotary vane machine includes a rotor having one or more sliding vanes. The rotor rotates within a chamber of a housing. At least one sealing plate is located between an end surface of the rotor and a corresponding inner surface of the housing. The sealing plate improves the seal between the rotor surface and the inner housing surface.

Abstract: A rotary pump-motor-meter comprises a rotor assembly including a shaft (38) and one or more hub members (37) coaxially affixed to the shaft, that supports a plurality of flaps (40) disposed about the shaft (38), each of which flaps has a round first edge and a crescent trailing edge and is supported by the hub member (37) pivotably about a pivot axis coinciding with the center of the round first edge disposed adjacent to the shaft (38), which rotor assembly is rotatably disposed within a cylindrical cavity with two port openings in a parallel and eccentric relationship, wherein one or more circular cam guides disposed adjacent to the rotor assembly in a rotable arrangement about a cam axis guides a plurality of cam rollers (41), each of which cam rollers is anchored to one end face of the flaps (40).

Abstract: A fluid displacement machine of the vane type which can be operated as a compressor or motor utilizes a cylindrical rotor equipped with one or more tethered sliding vanes wherein the rotor and vane set is rotatably located eccentrically inside an internal conforming casing profile between opposing endplates to define enclosed variable volume compartments. [Each vane is fitted on opposite sides eith tethers which are pivotally-mounted remotely from the vane tips. The tethers engage, through anti-friction means, circular annuli located within the endplates which are eccentric with the hollow casing profile.] Anti-friction tether-to-annuli means are used, one in the form of freely-rotating caged roller bearings interposed between the tethers and the respective internal annuli, and another in the form of tethers equipped with trunnioned bearings which directly engage these internal annular surfaces.

Abstract: A fluid pressure-operated device has a rotor mounted inside a main housing, radial slots circumferentially spaced in the rotor, radially sliding vanes in the slots, springs urging the vanes radially inwardly to engage at their inner ends with a cam at the center of the rotor, a control arm pivotally mounted on the housing for changing the position of the cam to control radial displacement of the vanes and opening and closing of a valve having inlet/outlet ports connected to an annular chamber in which the vanes rotate so that fluid pressure from the valve will drive the vanes and thus the rotor in either direction of rotation, depending upon the position of the control arm and cam.

Abstract: An air pump and compressor having a housing with a cylindrical internal chamber. A plurality of pairs of intake and exhaust valves mounted on the housing control the flow of air into and out of the chamber. A piston located within the chamber is mounted on a shaft rotated on the housing. The shaft has a primary eccentric that supports the piston in the chamber. A pair of secondary eccentrics spaced from the primary eccentric are mounted on the piston and housing to control the orbital movement of the piston. Seal assemblies slidably mounted in slots in the piston engage the inner cylindrical wall of the housing to form separate pumping chambers. Each pumping chamber is in communication with an intake valve and an exhaust valve so that on orbital movement of the piston the air flows into and is pumped out of each pumping chamber.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a valveless bi-chamber rotary steam engine with turbine effect comprising two sets of rotor blades of which each set of rotor blades rotates around its own eccentric point on a stationary mutual crank shaft within a semicircular engine housing. A drum-type rotor is concentrically mounted within the engine housing thus forming two diametrically opposed radial chambers. The said two sets of rotor blades move through equidistant slots arranged within the drum-type rotor thus varying the space volume of the respective radial chamber where through the introduction of a pressurized medium through diametrically arranged inlet ports the generation of a torque moment is achieved.

Abstract: A rotary compressor having a housing defining a chamber with a curved outer wall of substantially elliptical profile containing a rotor of cylindrical shape having a plurality of vanes profiled to fit the chamber and radially slidable in grooves in the rotor to define enclosed compartments between them. Each vane has a pair of axially extending stubshafts having rollers respectively mounted thereon. Roller tracks formed in the end walls of the chamber accommodate the rollers for guiding the vanes so that the outer edges of the vanes follow the outer wall of the chamber in closely spaced engagement. Inlet and outlet ports located in the curved outer wall of the chamber closely straddle a reference region.

Abstract: A rotary vane gas cycle apparatus having radial slots in the vanes and with cam bearings supported in the slots. A camtrack member is supported by the rotary vane gas cycle apparatus housing and fits into the slots in the vanes and rotor to control the movement of the vanes during rotation of the rotor assembly within the chamber in the housing. Springs are provided in the rotor slots to support the weight of the vanes when the rotor assembly is not rotating.

Abstract: A rotary machine includes a stator housing having an inner surface defining a stator chamber. The housing further defines inlet and outlet ports through the housing into the chamber. A substantially cylindrical rotor is rotatably mounted within the chamber for rotation about a rotor axis. A plurality of vanes are slidably received in the rotor and movable therewith about the rotor axis during rotation of the rotor, with tip portions of the vanes projecting outwardly toward the inner surface of the stator housing. A continuous, substantially cylindrical cam surface means defines a camming surface substantially concentric with the inner surface of the stator housing. A cam follower is mounted on each of the vanes contacting the substantially cylindrical cam surface. A cam follower retaining means is free to rotate with respect to the cam surface and defines a substantially cylindrical retaining surface which is concentric with the camming surface.

Abstract: An improved rotor blade arrangement pivotally mounted in a cylindrical recess in the rotor. The blade arrangement is pivotally mounted on a blade support and has a center of gravity offset from the pivot mounting. The arrangement includes a pair of arcuate sections joined at a blade tip, which tip seals against the stator. Each arcuate section has a free end opposite the blade tip including a linear seal contacting the recess surface. The resulting arrangement minimizes the friction loses of the blade arrangement and forms a sealed space between the recess surface and the blade profile to enhance the compression ratio for compressible fluids.

Abstract: A reverse Brayton cycle rotary vane cooling system having a compressor and an expander driven by a common shaft. The cooling system includes a plurality of vanes made of a carbon epoxy plastic composite with bearing support inserts molded into the plastic composite. A bolt passes through the bearing support inserts and plastic composite. Oil is supplied to the vane slots with any oil passing into the cooling gas being removed by oil separators.

Abstract: A pair of counter-rotating rotors operate in communicating rotor chambers of a common rotor housing. The rotors are pocketed in their peripheries and alternating pockets of each rotor receive vane-piston rollers of the opposing rotor with the vane-piston rollers intermeshing during rotor rotation. The peripheral rotor pockets form secondary relatively high compression combustion chambers having a secondary fuel supply independent of the supply to a primary combustion space between the two rotors and adjacent eccentric wall portions of the rotor chambers. During engine operation, the vane-piston rollers constantly engage the chamber walls due to centrifugal force and are radially guided by central fixed cams. Four cycle piston engine operation is closely simulated and major virtues of rotary and reciprocating piston engine types are retained while major disadvantages of each engine type are eliminated in a hybrid engine.

Abstract: A compressor-expander for use in air conditioning including a chamber of generally elliptical cross section having a compressor side and an expander side each with inlet and outlet ports. Rotatable in the chamber is a vaned rotor defining enclosed compartments in which the air is positively compressed accompanied by an increase in temperature in the compressor side and is positively expanded with a decrease in temperature in the expander side, the elliptical eccentricity of the compressor side being less than 0.62 and the eccentricity on the expander side being less than the eccentricity of the compressor side in a ratio lying between 0.68 and 0.95. Pressure in the compartment at the point of discharge is substantially at atmospheric level, and the expander outlet port is so located that when a compartment on the expander side is centered on the major axis, the leading vane is at the threshold of discharge.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-contact type vane pump adapted to prevent the generation of heat due to direct contact between the outer edges of the rotatively driven vanes of the vane pump and the inner surface of the pump casing. The principle arrangement resides in this that the extent to which the vanes rotating under the action of centrifugal force extend radially during operation is suppressed by guide members of less frictional loss disposed in a region adjacent to the center where the peripheral speed is minimum. Non-contact type vane pumps having sub-arrangements based on said principal arrangement are also provided. Advantages and details of such arrangements will be made clear.

Abstract: A rotary piston pump comprises vanes mounted on shafts extending radially from a hub and travelling around an annular channel having a forwarding or pumping portion of circular cross section and a restricted sealing portion corresponding in cross section to the diametrical cross section of the vanes. Control means is provided for turning the vanes about radial axes so as to position the vanes approximately perpendicular to their direction of movement while passing through the forwarding portion of the channel and to turn them approximately 90.degree. so as to pass through the sealing portion of the channel in an edgewise position. At the ends of the forwarding portion the channel is connected respectively with inlet and outlet passageways. The control means include springs which permit the vanes to rotate in order to give way in the event that foreign bodies penetrate and have eccentrics and cam tracks, with cam rollers or cams if necessary.