Abstract: An improved gas block for a firearm has a first longitudinal bore for receiving a firearm barrel, the barrel having a gas port, the gas block having a second longitudinal bore for receiving a gas tube or operating element. The block includes a vertical bore aligned with the barrel gas port and connecting the first and second block bores and permitting passage of cartridge gas from the barrel gas port to the gas tube. The improved gas block may include a military rail, forward of the gas tube, the forward location permitting the rail and accessories to lie close to the barrel, improving handling and reducing bulk. The barrel may include a conical cavity generally opposite the gas port. The block may include a conical point set screw adapted to mate with the barrel conical cavity, the screw when tightened forcing alignment of the block vertical bore with the barrel gas port and simultaneously clamping the block to the barrel.

Abstract: A disassembly tool 60 is provided for a handgun 10. The disassembly tool 60 includes spaced aligned upstanding side wall members 74 having a longitudinally extending slot 64 formed therebetween. A diagonally descending wall member 76 is formed on each one of the upstanding side wall members 74 to facilitate positioning of the slot 64 on a guide rod 20 so that a spring assembly 18 is compressed to allow disassembly of the handgun 10. The method of making the tool 60 includes machining a bar 62 to a predetermined length. A longitudinally extending slot 64 is then formed in the bar 62 creating upstanding side wall members 74. The upstanding side wall members 74 are then machined to a predetermined angle so that diagonally descending wall members 76 are formed.

Abstract: Block-bracing apparatus including at least three plugs threadedly engageable through a block, and retaining rings engaging the block threaded oppositely to the threaded plugs and retainably engaging the plugs. A key tool is provided to tighten the plugs and retaining rings. A longitudinally oriented T-rail projects radially from the block. A slide body engages the T-rail and includes a locking mechanism, a lamp assembly, a logically switched power control, a power cable, and a control cable with interchangeable switches.

Abstract: The present disclosure teaches an apparatus for removing a firearm magazine's floorplate comprising a substantially elliptically shaped element comprising an open end, a top surface, a bottom surface and an inner surface, a notch located in the upper surface of the element, a slit on the open end opposite the notch and a plurality of projections located on the inner surface. Methods of using the apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A handgun bushing tool to facilitate the safe removal and replacement of a barrel bushing on a handgun such as a Model 1911, 1911-A1, 2011 type semiautomatic pistol using a single stack or staggered double-column magazine and having a barrel that requires a bushing and recoil spring plug to secure it. The tool has a handle with an aperture conforming to the shape of a barrel bushing; a hole conforming to the shape of a recoil spring plug and a lever assembly with a reversible handle that allows for pressure to be placed on the recoil spring and plug during the disassembly and assembly process. The tool also incorporate an alternate cutout in the handle which allows for a removable insert to be placed in the handle so as to allow for inserts of different types to accommodate differently shaped bushings made by a number of different manufacturers.

Abstract: A handgun bushing tool to facilitate the safe removal and replacement of a barrel bushing on a handgun such as a Model 1911, 1911-A1, 2011 type semiautomatic pistol using a single stack or staggered double-column magazine and having a barrel that requires a bushing and recoil spring plug to secure it. The tool has a handle with an aperture conforming to the shape of a barrel bushing; a hole conforming to the shape of a recoil spring plug and a lever assembly with a reversible handle that allows for pressure to be placed on the recoil spring and plug during the disassembly and assembly process. The tool also incorporate an alternate cutout in the handle which allows for a removable insert to be placed in the handle so as to allow for inserts of different types to accommodate differently shaped bushings made by a number of different manufacturers.

Abstract: A rifle bolt cleaning tool comprising a single piece of material with an annular bolt scraping chamber comprising a bottom and two inner walls that extend from the bottom of the scraping chamber upward and spread outward to form two top surfaces of the scraping chamber. The inner walls of the scraping chamber are concave in shape so as to fit snugly around a tail end of a rifle bolt. The distance between the two inner walls of the scraping chamber is roughly equivalent to the outside diameter of a rifle bolt. The inner walls of the scraping chamber extend upward from the bottom of the scraping chamber by a distance that is slightly greater than the length of the tail end of the bolt.

Abstract: A multitool for a firearm provides a frame adapted for storage within a handgrip cavity of a firearm and a plurality of tools rotatably mounted to the frame to move from within the frame to extending from the frame as a result of being rotatably mounted, wherein the plurality of tools are adapted for use to rehabilitate the firearm under predetermined malfunction conditions.

Abstract: The present disclosure teaches an apparatus for removing a firearm magazine's floorplate comprising a substantially elliptically shaped element comprising an open end, a top surface, a bottom surface and an inner surface, a notch located in the upper surface of the element, a slit on the open end opposite the notch and a plurality of projections located on the inner surface. Methods of using the apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: A firearm servicing tool comprises a hinge piece, a fixed size wrench head, and first and second handle portions. The wrench head is attached and fixed in position relative to the hinge piece. Each of the first and second handle portions is pivotally connected to the hinge piece. The handle portions are movable relative to each other and relative to the wrench head in a manner such that the tool can be selectively reconfigured into at least first and second alternative configurations. The first and second handle portions engage each other and surround the wrench head when the tool is in the first configuration. The first and second handle portions engage each other with the wrench head extending outwardly therefrom when the tool is in the second configuration.

Abstract: A handgun tool for use with a handgun including a barrel, a recoil spring and associated spring plug adjacent the barrel, and a barrel bushing retaining the spring plug and being rotatable between locked and unlocked positions. The handgun tool may include a handle body having at least one bushing-receiving recess therein for engaging the barrel bushing and rotating the barrel bushing between the locked and unlocked positions as the handle body is rotated. The handgun tool may further include an elongate alignment member carried by the handle body to be positioned into the barrel to align rotation of the handle body with the barrel.

Abstract: An improved firearm takedown mechanism is provided, which in a retention position prevents removal of both a slide and barrel assembly and a trigger assembly, but when manually positioned out of the retention position allows easy removal of both the slide and barrel assembly and the trigger assembly without the use of tools. A firearm takedown mechanism is provided having a first element with opposing ends separated by a longitudinal axis with a major and minor surface extending outwardly from the axis, and respectively adapted to prevent and allow removal of a slide and barrel assembly. An improved method for firearm takedown provides that after moving a takedown mechanism from a retention position, both a slide and barrel assembly and a trigger assembly are manually removed.

Abstract: A tool for use with a black powder gun (muzzleloader) is provided. The tool combines multiple tools useful to a black powder gun user in the field into a single unit. One embodiment of the tool includes a capper, a decapper (also called a deprimer), a bullet starter, a ramrod handle, and a ramrod push aid. Another embodiment of the invention includes a bullet starter, a ramrod handle, a ramrod push aid, and a socket wrench.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for placing a slide of a handgun in proper position relative to the barrel so that an otherwise concealed barrel pin is now revealed. The invention is particularly suited for handgun designs otherwise lacking a positive stop, external barrel pins or levers. The device includes an indentation for receiving a front face of the handgun. The indentation is at least partially surrounded by a raised ridge adapted to prevent the slide from entering the indentation. Placing the barrel in the indentation forces the slide backwards from the front face. The elevation difference between the depth of the indentation and the ridge is selected to expose a barrel pin of the handgun.

Abstract: A tool to facilitate the removal of a barrel bushing on a handgun such as the 1911 automatic pistol. The tool has a handle which foldably receives a wrench having an aperture conforming to the shape of bushing. In the extended position, the wrench is provided with ridges or serrations to frictionally engage the fingers or hands of the user. Additional accessory items such as knife blades or other tools may be foldably secured to the handle.

Abstract: A semi-automatic firearm includes a frame and a movable slide mounted on the frame. The slide defines an ejection port and lateral walls that extend longitudinally from a rear face of the slide to adjacent a front face through which an opening is formed to permit egress of a round of ammunition, the rear face and the front face being generally perpendicular to the lateral walls. The firearm further includes a firing mechanism and an access port formed in the lateral walls of the slide.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing a clearance between feed lips of an ammunition magazine includes a generally T-shaped member including a support portion and a measuring portion that is generally perpendicular to the support portion; the measuring portion including first and second surfaces, the first surface having a width that is less than the clearance between the feed lips and the second surface having a width that is greater than the clearance between the feed lips.

Abstract: An apparatus for quick assembling and disassembling of accessories to a firearm includes a mounting body that enables efficient switching of tactic equipments as accessories to the firearm and a mounting base stabilizing the apparatus to the base of the firearm.

Abstract: A tool (12) has a body (14) with a barrel (18) having opposing threaded and fitted openings (30 and 28). An actuator pin tube (26), for slidably engaging an actuator pin (38) having a tip (40) opposing a retention head (42), extending from the fitted opening (30). A spring assembly (24), disposed in the barrel (18), has a hammer guide (44) engaged in the threaded opening (28) with a hammer (46) slidably engaged therein, a handle mechanism (55) disposed at one end and a spring retainer (52) disposed adjacent the other end of the hammer (46) before a hammerhead (51), and a spring (54) engaged between the hammer guide (44) and the spring retainer (52). A release mechanism (56) engages the hammer (46). A kit (108) containing the tool (12) and a method of operating the tool (12) involving drilling and cleaning a borehole, inserting a cartridge and tool therein, and detonating the load remotely using a pull cord.

Abstract: A plug assembly for inserting in a breech of a breech-loaded firearm to convert the breech-loaded firearm to a muzzle-loaded firearm is provided. The plug body is slidable in the breech and includes first and second ends. The plug body defines a powder chamber adjacent the first end, an ignition counterbore in firing communication with the powder chamber, and an access counterbore adjacent the second end of the plug. The plug body includes a mechanical interlocking device in the access counterbore to facilitate removal of the plug body from the breech of the breech-loaded firearm.

Abstract: An addition device which permits a user of a close proximity electrical discharge weapon to modify his or her weapon by providing an improved short range capability as well as a long range capability which can be added as an after-market improvement. The invention is an apparatus designed to be mechanically and electrically attached to the device and provides a wire-tethered dart cartridge which extends above the weapon and gives the user the additional capability of contacting long range targets. The apparatus permits easy and convenient replacement of spent cartridges as well as easy and convenient connection to the close proximity device. The apparatus also improves short range performance by widening the separation of contact electrodes and by increasing the penetration voltage to increase effectiveness.

Abstract: A combination cellular phone and personal defense system for providing a means of communication and a means of self-defense in one unit. The combination cellular phone and personal defense system includes a cellular telephone having a housing. The housing includes a keypad, a display, an ear piece, a speaker, and an antenna. The cellular telephone has a rechargeable battery disposed within the housing. One side wall of the housing has a recharge port extending inwardly thereof. A personal defense system is incorporated into the housing of the cellular telephone.

Abstract: A combination lethal/non-lethal firearm device is disclosed wherein a lethal gun, pistol or rifle that conventionally fires solid projectiles in the form of bullets, is converted to a non-lethal defensive weapon by means of a novel canister unit attachment which will deploy a non lethal chemical fluid such as tear gas or pepper gas. The novel non-lethal apparatus uncomplicated in construction and is adapted for easy use and inexpensive maintenance. The non-lethal apparatus has a top portion which is removably attached to the underside of the barrel, and a rear mounting portion attached to a trigger guard of a firearm. The direction of fire of the fluid propellant therein is along the firearm barrel and in the same line of fire as the trajectory of a solid projectile bullet of the firearm.

Abstract: The personal protection device described herein has a deterrent spray feature, a flashlight, a siren, and a key holder. The personal hand-held protection device comprises a roughly L-shaped main body portion including a hand grip with individually recessed finger rests. A knuckle guard portion attached at two points to the main body portion protects a user's knuckles as the user's fingers grasp the hand grip. A light and spray nozzle are disposed at a first end of said main body portion and aim generally in the same direction so the user can illuminate the area where he is directing deterrent spray or colored dye. Mounted in the main body potion is a siren for emitting a loud noise. Also contained in the main body portion are a battery compartment for storing batteries to energize the light and siren, and a reservoir for storing the deterrent spray or colored dye.

Abstract: A less than lethal chemical apparatus that can be fitted to conventional handguns and rifles without requiring major modification of the weapons and yet fits within the profile of the weapons framework. The invention features a chassis containing a chemical module that can house MACE or other incapacitating chemical agents such as tear gas that can be mounted in various positions, depending on the weapon selected. For a handgun, the chassis mounts on the front face of the muzzle. The weapons factory installed hand grips are replaced by modified hand grips that contain electronic controls, water proof activation switches, and a power source. The hand grips are wired to the chassis via a flexible internal circuits. The apparatus can also be activated at a distance from the firearm using an infrared activation control.

Abstract: A glove for discharging an irritant in the face of an attacker is disclosed. A spray canister containing irritant is mounted on the glove on the back of the hand. A valve, electrically operated, is controlled by a pressure switch generally located on an index finger portion of the glove between the first knuckle and the second knuckle. The electrical power is provided by a battery mounted near the canister.

Abstract: A combination lethal/nonlethal firearm device is disclosed wherein a lethal gun, pistol or rifle that conventionally fires solid projectiles in the form of bullets, is conveniently converted to a non lethal defensive weapon by means of a novel attachment of a non lethal canister of dibilating chemical fluid such as tear gas or pepper gas to the barrel of the firearm. The canister is removably attached to the barrel by means of a saddle bracket attached to a trigger guard mounnting clamp, and where the direction of fire of the fluid propellant therein is along the firearm barrel and in the same line of fire as the trajectory of a solid projectile bullet of the firearm. Activation of the chemical dispenser is achieved by means of an activation plunger button adjacent the trigger guard in such manner that a peace officer may choose the better of lethal or non lethal defensive procedures.

Abstract: Reactive armor device for shielding a user from bullets or other ballistic threat combined with incapacitating device for disabling an assailant. A device constructed according to the principles of the present invention combines a modern technology armor element which shields a user from attack, and a reactive incapacitating element which renders the assailant at least temporarily incapable of continuing the attack. Armors used by the present invention include at least one of: technical ceramics, metals and metallic alloys, cermets, polymers, elastomers, high strength glass, and resins. The incapacitating element comprises at least one of: a brilliant flash device; reactive splashback and chemical spray. A device as taught by the present invention may be implemented in a wide variety of commonly available articles, or may be installed in furniture or structural panels.

Abstract: An automatic disarming device for use with a portable personal protection apparatus in which the device disarms when taken from an authorized user thereby rendering the device ineffective or inoperative when turned against the authorized user. The automatic disarming device includes a housing supporting the personal protection apparatus, an operating mechanism on the housing for actuating the personal protection apparatus, and a removable arming member which renders the operating mechanism inoperative or ineffective when the arming member is separated from the housing.

Abstract: A personal defense baton is disclosed which which may be utilized to direct a spray of a personal defense gas toward an assailant. The personal defense baton of this invention comprises an elongate tube member which includes at one end a compartment for receiving a defense spray container. The defense spray container has a valve for dispersal therethrough of a personal defense gas and a discharge nozzle which communicates with the valve so as to direct a spray of the personal defense gas from the container in a generally axial direction from the end of tube member in which the container is located when the valve is actuated. The baton also includes apparatus for manually actuating the valve without bringing the actuating hand near the discharge nozzle.

Abstract: A security dye pack disguised as a bundle of currency for deterring robberies includes a housing formed from a stack of currency bills sewn together and having a hollow chamber formed therein. A printed circuit board is disposed within the chamber for supporting electrical components which generate an actuating signal upon detecting removal of the security dye pack from the protected premises. A flexible pouch containing dye, tear gas, or other active chemicals, is secured at one end of the printed circuit board, and a squib extends into the pouch to ignite the chemical mixture when the actuating signal is generated. The flexible pouch is formed of a heat-resistant plastic film which is easily bendable. Foam cushions, protected by heat-resistant film, are disposed above and below the pouch and circuit board. Heat resistant plastic sheets extend about the foam cushions and are secured by an elastic thread to the housing to retain the components within the hollow chamber.

Abstract: A wire-less dart adapted to be projected by a gun and capable of applying an electrical pulse of sufficient energy to stun a target. The dart includes a photovoltaic cell responsive to a coherent electromagnetic energy source, such as a laser, for converting the beam energy to an electrical pulse. The dart also includes a pair of barbs extending from its distal end which penetrate the target's skin to a non-injurious depth. These barbs serve as electrodes and deliver the electrical pulse to the target. The projector, such as a gun, includes a pulsed laser light source which is aimed at the same location as the projector. Accordingly, the laser source focuses the pulsed laser energy source upon the dart PV cell. The projector includes a propellant sufficient to launch the dart, but with only enough kinetic energy such that the dart barbs penetrate the assailant's skin. The device has a long operating range.

Abstract: Electrical shocking apparatus includes an electrical conductive means having an outer face which can be selectively electrically energized. There is an elongated housing attached to the electrical conductive means. The elongated housing extends for at least about twice as long as the electrical conductive means. The conductive means includes a series of spaced arms radiating from the center to which the elongated housing is also connected with the conductive means. The housing has insulation means so that it is isolated from the conductive means. The conductive means with multiple radiating arms can be used as a physical prod, a physical hook and also to impart electrical shock to a person in contact with a conductive means. This can subdue and immobilize for arrest or defense. The arms are mounted so that sparking is effected between the conductive means and across the arms.

Abstract: A self-defense device includes a flash light and a tear-gas dispenser. The flash light includes a head, a first cylinder connected with the head, a second cylinder connected with the first cylinder, and a reflector receivable in the head and a pipe formed through the reflector. The funnel includes a conical portion and a tubular portion. The funnel is receivable in the first cylinder. A flexible tube is connected between the tubular portion of the funnel and the pipe. A bottle includes a nipple. Tear gas will exit from the bottle through the nipple if the nipple is pressed. The bottle is receivable in the first cylinder while the nipple is insertable in the conical portion of the funnel. A first bottle-driving element includes a piston and two plates projecting from the piston. Each of the plates of the first bottle-driving element includes an inclined edge. The first bottle-driving element is receivable in the first cylinder so that the piston thereof is in contact with the bottle.

Abstract: A multipurpose hand-held personal protection accessory, disguised as a compact umbrella, including an umbrella, truncheon, and electronic stunner. The compact umbrella (11) is housed within nonconductive, lightweight, impact-resistant tubing (12), which has conductive strips (13, 14, and 15) along its outer surface for the discharge of nonlethal shocks produced by a high voltage transformer (21) contained within the tubing.

Abstract: A locking container for a hand weapon comprising a longitudinally extending container having an open end and an opposite closed end, a transverse plate mounted at the closed end of the container, a hand weapon mounted within the container and connected to the transverse plate by means of a bracket. The hand weapon is provided with a discharge end adapted to be utilized against an assailant, and the transverse plate is provided with an opening cooperating with the discharge end of the hand weapon whereby the discharge end can be directed against the assailant. The open end of the container is capable of receiving a hand of a user of the hand weapon such that the hand can be inserted into the container to grasp the hand weapon and so as to position a finger of the hand against a trigger of the hand weapon.

Abstract: A jogging weight having a body with a handle portion formed therein and a chamber formed in the handle portion of the body. The handle portion is suitable for the receipt of a human hand. The chamber has a generally cylindrical configuration. The chamber opens along a top surface of the body. The body has a trumpet area formed along a top portion of the body. This trumpet area extends generally transverse to the chamber. The trumpet area opens adjacent to an opening of the chamber and has a flared opening opposite the chamber. A canister of a repellent chemical is removably affixed within the chamber. The canister has a nozzle extending outwardly of the chamber so as to deliver a spray of repellent chemical through the trumpet area. An elastomeric member is interposed between the canister and the chamber so as to retain the canister within the chamber.

Abstract: A stun gun that is disguised as a collapsed umbrella and includes an elongated tubular body sized in length and diameter to that of a conventional collapsed umbrella, a curved umbrella-like handle attached at one end, and electrodes disposed at the opposite end and a power supply and circuit voltage generator for providing a large voltage across the electrodes.

Abstract: Arm exercise apparatus in the form of dumbbells having a hand hold portion and ball weight members at opposite ends of the hand hold portion to form a housing containing self defense means. In one embodiment the self defense means is an extensible portion forming a club, in another embodiment the mechanism forms an audible alarm and in still another embodiment the housing holds a canister of debilitating gas which can be released on demand.

Abstract: A non-lethal self defense weapon having an elongate baton-like housing with a centrally positioned grip. The opposite housing sections contain audible and visible alarm devices and a flashlight. A replaceable aerosol defense spray container is positioned in the housing with an actuator and nozzle positioned relative to the grip so as to aim the discharge away from the user and toward an assailant when properly grasped.

Abstract: A method for dispensing a protective fluid is set forth wherein a container is provided formed with a transparent storage portion threadedly receiving a cap thereto. The cap includes a lower end formed with a series of alignment bores for receiving tubular projections integrally formed coaxially upon an exterior surface of the portion of the cap to enable reciprocation of the upper portion relative to the lower portion. Positioning rods are positioned adjacent each of the bores to provide an abutment to enable effective alignment of the projections with the bores. The container is filled with a lemon juice concentrate, whereupon the container is prepared for transport by an individual. The upper portion of the cap may be rotated relative to the lower portion of the cap to permit reciprocation and projection of the lemon juice spray upon an attacker imposing oneself upon an individual.

Abstract: An irritant fluid ejecting electrical stun gun includes a housing having a pair of electrical probes protruding from one end and connected to a circuit for directing a high voltage low amperage current to the test probes upon closing a first manual switch on the housing. The housing also includes a recess for removably receiving a storing a replaceable irritant fluid canister positioned relative to an opening through the housing for ejecting irritant fluid through the opening upon movement of a second manual switch to its on position.

Abstract: A multiple task user based weapons system capable of neutralizing a variety of designated target types within a real time interval well below conventional systems faced with equivalent tasks. Said weapon system is described as a transector device. Target acquisition, assignment, pursuit and engagement of said targets by dedicated systems embodied within said transector device, including automated projectiles are described in detail. Additionally, the various options or strategies involved in neutralization of said designated targets to the exclusion of equivalent or similar non-designated targets are defined in the disclosure. Further the implementation interactive expert programs, embodying statistical analysis, pruning, probablistic mechanisms and other processes are described in relation to the operation of the aforesaid transector device.

Abstract: A non-lethal multivariant device utilized by one or more individuals at close range (1.0-100 plus meters) to disperse crowds which exhibits a propensity towards violence, disposed to creating a public danger by inflecting bodily injury, loss of life or extensive property damage. A variety of preprogrammed functions are choosen at the discretion of the user to neutralize potentially dangerous individual which pose a threat to not only themselves but other members of society. The operative functions available to the user consists of but are not limited to the dispersal of non-lethal carrier mediated volitiles, short range high frequency electro-shock, administration of thermal inductants and the ability to project disruptive acoustical transmission.

Abstract: A non-lethal self defense device which applies a disabling electric shock to personnel desired to be disabled employs fluid cartridges for containing an electrically conductive fluid. The fluid cartridges each have a reservoir for holding electrically conductive fluid and a nozzle through which is expelled the electrically conductive fluid during operation of the device. A compressed gas cartridge supplies the force required for expelling the electrically conductive fluid as a pair of continuous streams. The cartridges are supported by a frame whereby the nozzle portions of the two of the fluid cartridges are aimed in substantially the same direction. A displaceable linkage responsive to release of the compressed gas from the gas cartridge causes the electrically conductive fluid to be expelled. An electrification system, which may include an oscillator and coil arrangement powered by a standard battery, supplies electrical energy to the streams of electrically conductive fluid.

Abstract: A detachable multi-purpose self-defending device and in particular to one mainly composed of a grip and a barrel, the grip being provided with a high voltage oscillating circuit for supplying a high voltage to the electrodes mounted at the front end of the barrel so as to be able to make the wicked faint temporarily, a pizo siren for sending out warning signal to arouse the other's attention to arrest the wicked, a flashlight for giving light in the dark, and a strobe light for emitting rapid, brief and brilliant flashes of light to cause the weaked to lose consciousness momentarily. Moreover, the grip may be connected to a leaf-spring switch which is inserted between the door and the frame so that when the door is opened, the spring leaves thereof will separate from each other hence actuating the pizo siren.

Abstract: A riot weapon comprises a barrel; a fixed breech block; and therebetween a chamber having a loading aperture through which a round of ammunition can be inserted so as to rest against the breech block, or ejected; a loading catch for retaining a round of ammunition in the chamber; a trigger; a firing pin which can be actuated to fire a round of ammunition by moving the trigger, the firing pin having a normal rest position in the breech block; means for preventing release of the loading catch except when the firing pin is in the rest position; means for releasing the loading catch automatically following actuation of the trigger; and means for exerting a force on the round of ammunition in a direction such as to effect ejection thereof through the loading aperture; whereby following firing of a round of ammunition and consequent release of the loading catch, the spent round is retained in place against the ejecting force solely by the frictional force between the spent round and the breech block, the frictional