Abstract: A steel alloy intended for cutting applications and hot working tools, comprising, in weight percent (wt. %), C: 0.40-1.2 wt. %, Si: 0.30-2.0 wt. %, Mn: max 1.0 wt. %, Cr: 3.0-6.0 wt. %, Mo: 0-4.0 wt. %, W: 0-8.0 wt. %, wherein (Mo+W/2)?3.5 wt. %, Nb: 0-4.0 wt. %, V: 0-4.0 wt. %, wherein 1.0 wt. %?(Nb+V)?4.0 wt. %, Co: 25-40 wt. %, S: max 0.30 wt. %, N: max 0.30 wt. %, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the application of at least partially bainitic or interstitial martensitic heat treatments on steels, often tool steels or steels that can be used for tools. The first tranche of the heat treatment implying austenitization is applied so that the steel presents a low enough hardness to allow for advantageous shape modification, often trough machining. Thus a steel product is obtained which can be shaped with ease and whose hardness can be raised to a higher working hardness with a simple heat treatment at low temperature (below austenitization temperature).

Abstract: A forging heat resistant steel of an embodiment contains in percent by mass C: 0.05-0.2, Si: 0.01-0.1, Mn: 0.01-0.15, Ni: 0.05-1, Cr: 8 or more and less than 10, Mo: 0.05-1, V: 0.05-0.3, Co: 1-5, W: 1-2.2, N: 0.01 or more and less than 0.015, Nb: 0.01-0.15, B: 0.003-0.03, and a remainder comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: The invention relates to an Fe—Co alloy, the composition of which comprises in % by weight: 6?Co+Ni?22 Si?0.2 0.5?Cr?8 Ni?4 0.10?Mn?0.90 Al?4 Ti?1 C?1 Mo?3 V+W?3 Nb+Ta?1 Si+Al?6 O+N+S+P+B?0.1 the balance of the composition consisting of iron and inevitable impurities due to the smelting, it being furthermore understood that the contents thereof satisfy the following relationships: Co+Si?Cr?27 Si+Al+Cr+V+Mo+Ti?3.5 1.23(Al+Mo)+0.84(Si+Cr+V)?1.3 14.5(Al+Cr)+12(V+Mo)+25 Si?50.

Abstract: A case hardened gear steel having enhanced core fracture toughness includes by weight percent about 16.3Co, 7.5Ni, 3.5Cr, 1.75Mo, 0.2W, 0.11C, 0.03Ti, and 0.02V and the balance Fe, characterized as a predominantly lath martensitic microstructure essentially free of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases and carburized to include fine M2C carbides to provide a case hardness of at least about 62 HRC and a core toughness of at least about 50 ksi?in.

Abstract: A high speed tool steel containing, by mass percent, 0.5-1.5% of C; 1.0% or less of Si; 1.0% or less of Mn; 3.0-5.0% of Cr; 15.0-25.0% of one or two kinds of W and Mo according to a formula (W+2Mo); 1.0-less than 1.5% of V; 5.0-10.0% of Co; and a remainder including Fe and impurities, the high speed tool steel further containing 0.0005-0.004% of Ca and 0.005-0.015% of N. Also, a material for a blade edge that is made of the high speed tool steel and a cutting tool made by welding the material for the blade edge to a body material. Further, a manufacturing method of the material for the blade edge.

Abstract: A low-chromium hot-work tool steel consisting of (in wt-%): C 0.08-0.40, N 0.015-0.30, C+N 0.30-0.50, Cr 1-4, Mo 1.5-3, V 0.8-1.3, Mn 0.5-2, Si 0.1-0.5, optionally Ni<3, Co?5, B<0.01, Fe balance apart from impurities, and a process for making a low-chromium hot-work tool steel article having increased tempering resistance.

Abstract: A tool steel, in particular a hot-work steel, has the following composition: 0.26 to 0.55% by weight C; less than 2% by weight Cr; 0 to 10% by weight Mo; 0 to 15% by weight W; wherein the W and Mo contents in total amount to 1.8 to 15% by weight; carbide-forming elements Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta forming a content of from 0 to 3% by weight individually or in total; 0 to 4% by weight V; 0 to 6% by weight Co; 0 to 1.6% by weight Si; 0 to 2% by weight Mn; 0 to 2.99% by weight Ni; 0 to 1% by weight S; remainder: iron and inevitable impurities. The hot-work steel has a significantly higher thermal conductivity than known tool steels.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-strength steel plate having a predetermined chemical composition, in which a microstructure of the steel plate at a depth of one-fourth to one half the thickness from a surface has an area fraction of bainite of 90% or more, an average lath width of bainite of 3.5 ?m or less, and a maximum equivalent circle diameter of martensite-austenite constituents in bainite of 3.0 ?m or less. The steel plate exhibits high strengths and good drop weight properties and is useful as structural materials for offshore structure, ships, and bridges, as well as materials for pressure vessels in nuclear power plants.

Abstract: STEEL WITH HIGH TEMPERING RESISTANCE comprising a composition of alloying elements consisting essentially of, in percent by mass, C between 0.20 and 0.50, Si lower than 1.0, P lower than 0.030, Cr between 3.0 and 4.0, Mo between 1.5 and 4.0, V between 0.1 and 2.0, Co lower than 1.5, being the remaining composed of Fe and inevitable deleterious substances. The steel is produced by processes involving ingot casting and hot/cold forming, or used with the cast structure; or by processes involving atomization or dispersion of the molten metal, such as powder metallurgy, powder injection or spray forming.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide a steel for high-cleanliness spring which is useful for the production of a spring excellent in fatigue characteristics in high Si steels. The steel for high-cleanliness spring with excellent fatigue characteristics according to the invention contains: in terms of mass %, C: 1.2% or less (excluding 0%); Si: 1.8% to 4%; Mn: 0.1% to 2.0%; and total Al: 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), with the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities, in which the Si amount and a solute (SIMS) Ca amount in the steel satisfy a relationship of the following expression (1): Si×10?7?solute (SIMS) Ca?Si×5×10?7??(1) (in which each of the solute (SIMS) Ca and Si represents the amount thereof (mass %) in the steel).

Abstract: Provided are a steel sheet for an automotive muffler and a method for producing the steel sheet. The steel sheet includes 0.01% by weight or less of C, 0.1 to 0.3% by weight of Si, 0.3 to 0.5% by weight of Mn, 0.015% by weight or less of P, 0.015% or less by weight of S, 0.02 to 0.05% by weight of Al, 0.004% or less of N, 0.2 to 0.6% by weight of Cu, 0.01 to 0.04% by weight of Co, and a remainder of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The method includes 0.01% by weight or less of C, 0.1 to 0.3% by weight of Si, 0.3 to 0.5% by weight of Mn, 0.015% by weight or less of P, 0.015% or less by weight of S, 0.02 to 0.05% by weight of Al, 0.004% or less of N, 0.2 to 0.6% by weight of Cu, 0.01 to 0.

Abstract: A precipitation-hardened stainless maraging steel which exhibits a combination of strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance comprises by weight about: 8 to 15% chromium (Cr), 2 to 15% cobalt (Co), 7 to 14% nickel (Ni), and up to about 0.7% aluminum (Al), less than about 0.4% copper (Cu), 0.5 to 2.6% molybdenum (Mo), 0.4 to less than about 0.75% titanium (Ti), up to about 0.5% tungsten (W), and up to about 120 wppm carbon (C), the balance essentially iron (Fe) and incidental elements and impurities, characterized in that the alloy has predominantly lath martensite microstructure essentially without topologically close packed intermetallic phases and strengthened primarily by a dispersion of intermetallic particles primarily of the eta-Ni3Ti phase and wherein the titanium and carbon (Ti) and (C) levels are controlled such that C can be dissolved during a homogenization step and subsequently precipitated during forging to provide a grain-pinnning dispersion.

Abstract: The invention relates to an Fe-Co alloy, the composition of which comprises in % by weight: 6?Co+Ni?22 Si?0.2 0.5?Cr?8 Ni?4 0.10?Mn?0.90 Al?4 Ti?1 C?1 Mo?3 V+W?3 Nb+Ta?1 Si+Al?6 O+N+S+P+B?0.1 the balance of the composition consisting of iron and inevitable impurities due to the smelting, it being furthermore understood that the contents thereof satisfy the following relationships: Co+Si?Cr?27 Si+Al+Cr+V+Mo+Ti?3.5 1.23(Al+Mo)+0.84(Si+Cr+V)?1.3 14.5(Al+Cr)+12(V+Mo)+25 Si ?50.

Abstract: In the thermal power system, the electricity production efficiency may be improved by providing turbine members having the improved high temperature characteristic over the corresponding prior art turbine members. Turbine members may be provided by using high resistant steels composed of any one or ones selected from the group consisting of the components, including 0.08 to 0.13% of carbon (C), 8.5 to 9.8% of chromium (Cr), 0 to 1.5% of molybdenum (Mo), 0.10 to 0.25% of vanadium (V), 0.03 to 0.08% of niobium (Nb), 0.2 to 5.0% of tungsten (W), 1.5 to 6.0% of cobalt (Co), 0.002 to 0.015% of boron (B), 0.015 to 0.025% of nitrogen (N), and optionally, 0.01 to 3.0% of rhenium (Re), 0.1 to 0.50% of silicon (Si), 0.1 to 1.0% of manganese (Mo), 0.05 to 0.8% of nickel (Ni) and 0.1 to 1.3% of cupper.

Abstract: A bainitic steel alloy and a method for making such an alloy are disclosed, in which the bainite plates are particularly small, less than 50 nanometres in width. In preferred embodiments of the invention, each bainite plate is surrounded by a film of retained austenite; the level of retained austenite in the alloy is greater than 10%; and the alloy is substantially free of blocky unstable austenite and cementite.

Abstract: A non-stainless steel alloy includes, in combination by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.33% carbon, about 4.0% to about 8.0% cobalt, about 7.0 to about 11.0% nickel, about 0.8% to about 3.0% chromium, about 0.5% to about 2.5% molybdenum, about 0.5% to about 5.9% tungsten, about 0.05% to about 0.20% vanadium, and up to about 0.02% titanium, the balance essentially iron and incidental elements and impurities.

Abstract: An advanced secondary hardening carburized Ni—Co steel achieves an improved case hardness of about 68-69 Rc together with nominal core hardness of about 50 Rc.

Abstract: A hot-forming steel alloy comprising, in addition to iron and impurity elements, carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium and nitrogen within the concentration ranges set forth in the claims. This abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved low alloy high speed tool steel, which exhibits constant toughness with small dispersion of the properties after heat treatment and regardless of the size of the products. The steel consists essentially of, by weight %, C: 0.50-0.75%, Si: 0.02-2.00%, Mn: 0.1-3.0%, P: up to 0.050%, S: up to 0.010%, Cr: 5.0-6.0%, W: 0.5-2.0%, V: 0.70-1.25%, Al: up to 0.1%, O: up to 0.01% and N: up to 0.04% and the balance of Fe. In the steel [Mo+0.5W](Mo-eq.) is 2.5-5.0%, [Mo-eq.]/V is 2-4. In the annealed state the steel contains carbides of the types of MC+M6C and/or M23C6(M7C3), and after quenching from a temperature of 1100-1200° C. it contains substantially no remaining carbide or, even contains, almost all the carbides are of MC.

Abstract: Alloy compositions suitable for fabricating medical devices, such as stents, are disclosed. In certain embodiments, the compositions have small amounts of nickel, e.g., the compositions can be substantially free of nickel.

Abstract: The invention relates to steel for hot tooling, the composition of said steel being made up of the following weight percentages: 0.30%=C=0.39%, 4.00%=Cr=6.00%, traces=Si=0.50%, traces=Mn=0.80%, traces=W=1.45%, traces=Co=2.75%, 0.80%=Ni=2.80%, 1.50%=Mo=2.60% with 1.50%=Mo+0.65W=3.20%, 0.55%=V=0.80%, with 0.65=K=0.65, where K=K2?K1 and K2=0.75×(Ni 0.60), K1=1.43×(V0.40)+0.63×[(Mo+0.65W) 1.20], traces=Al=0.080%, traces=S=0.0040%, traces=P=0.0200%, traces=Ti=0.05%, traces=Zr=0.05%, traces=Nb=0.08%, traces=N=0.040%, 10P+As+5Sb+4Sn=0.21%, traces=O=30 ppm, the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities. The invention also relates to a part produced from said steel, to the method for the production thereof, and to the use of the same.

Abstract: A nanocarbide precipitation strengthened ultrahigh-strength, corrosion resistant, structural steel possesses a combination of strength and corrosion resistance comprising in combination, by weight, about: 0.1 to 0.3% carbon (C), 8 to 17% cobalt (Co), 0 to 5% nickel (Ni), 6 to 12% chromium (Cr), less than 1% silicon (Si), less than 0.5% manganese (Mn), and less than 0.15% copper (Cu), with additives selected from the group comprising about: less than 3% molybdenum (Mo), less than 0.3% niobium (Nb), less than 0.8% vanadium (V), less than 0.2% tantalum (Ta), less than 3% tungsten (W), and combinations thereof, with additional additives selected from the group comprising about: less than 0.2% titanium (Ti), less than 0.2% lanthanum (La) or other rare earth elements, less than 0.15% zirconium (Zr), less than 0.005% boron (B), and combinations thereof, impurities of less than about: 0.02% sulfur (S), 0.012% phosphorus (P), 0.015% oxygen (O) and 0.

Abstract: A ferritic heat-resistant steel, which exhibits excellent creep characteristics even at a high temperature exceeding 600° C., comprises, on the basis of percent by weight, 1.0 to 13% of chromium, 0.1 to 8.0% of cobalt, 0.01 to 0.20% of nitrogen, 3.0% or less of nickel, 0.01 to 0.50% of one or more of elements selected from a group consisting of vanadium, niobium, tantalum, titanium, hafnium, and zirconium that are MX type precipitate forming elements, and 0.01% or less of carbon and a balance being substantially iron and inevitable impurities, wherein the MX type precipitates precipitate on grain boundaries and in entire grains and the grain boundary existing ratio of an M23C6 type precipitate precipitating on the grain boundaries is 50% or less.

Abstract: A nanocarbide precipitation strengthened ultrahigh-strength, corrosion resistant, structural steel possesses a combination of strength and corrosion resistance comprising in combination, by weight, about: 0.1 to 0.3% carbon (C), 8 to 17% cobalt (Co), 0 to 10% nickel (Ni), 6 to 12% chromium (Cr), less than 1% silicon (Si), less than 0.5% manganese (Mn), and less than 0.15% copper (Cu), with additives selected from the group comprising about: less than 3% molybdenum (Mo), less than 0.3% niobium (Nb), less than 0.8% vanadium (V), less than 0.2% tantalum (Ta), less than 3% tungsten (W), and combinations thereof, with additional additives selected from the group comprising about: less than 0.2% titanium (Ti), less than 0.2% lanthanum (La) or other rare earth elements, less than 0.15% zirconium (Zr), less than 0.005% boron (B), and combinations thereof, impurities of less than about: 0.02% sulfur (S), 0.012% phosphorus (P), 0.015% oxygen (O) and 0.

Abstract: A steel product for oil country tubular good according to the invention comprises, in mass %, 0.10% to 0.35% C, 0.10% to 0.50% Si, 0.10% to 0.80% Mn, up to 0.030% P, up to 0.010% S, 0.30% to 1.20% Cr, 0.20% to 1.00% Mo, 0.005% to 0.40% V, 0.005% to 0. 100% Al, up to 0.0100% N, up to 0.0010% H, 0 to 0.01% Ca, 0 to 0.050% Ti, 0 to 0.050% Nb, and 0 to 0.0050% B, and the balance of Fe and impurities. The Cr, Mo, and V contents and the grain size GS satisfy expression (1): 0.7?(1.5×Cr+2.5×Mo+V)?GS/10?2.

Abstract: Bimetal saw band comprising a support band of high microstructural stability and fatigue strength, comprising 0.25 to 0.35% of carbon, 0.3 to 0.5% of silicon, 0.8 to 1.5% of manganese, 1.0 to 2.0% of molybdenum, 1.5 to 3.5% of chromium, 0.5 to 1.5% of nickel, 0.5 to 2.5% of tungsten, 0.15 to 0.30% of vanadium, 0.05 to 0.10% of niobium, 0.05 to 1.0% of copper, up to 0.2% of aluminum, up to 1% of cobalt, remainder iron including melting-related impurities, and tooth tips made from a steel with high wear resistance, comprising 1.0 to 2.0% of carbon, 3 to 6% of chromium, 1 to 5% of vanadium, 3 to 10% of molybdenum, 4 to 10% of tungsten, 4 to 10% of cobalt, up to 1% of silicon, up to 1% of manganese, up to 0.5% of niobium, up to 0.5% of nitrogen, remainder iron including melting-related impurities.

Abstract: A hot working die steel contains 0.05-0.25% C, 0.30% or less Si, 0.03% or less Mn, 1.0% or less Ni, 5.0-13.0 % Cr, 2.0% or less Mo, 1.0-8.0% W, 1.0-10.0% Co, 0.003-0.020% B, 0.005-0.050% N, and the balance consisting essentially of Fe and unavoidable impurities. If desired, the hot working die steel may further contain 0.01-1.0% V and 0.01-1.0% of at least one kind selected from Nb and Ta.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite tool consisting of a metallic supporting part and at least one such working part of different material compositions, which parts are metallically bonded to each other, in particular, a saw blade or bandsaw. For increasing the cutting yield and tool service life, in particular, when working titanium and titanium alloys, austenitic Cr—Ni—Mn—N steels and nickel and nickel-based alloys, the invention provides that the supporting part or the supporting strip are formed of a tenacious iron-based material and that the working part(s) are formed of a precipitation hardenable iron-cobalt-tungsten alloy (Fe—Co—W).

Abstract: A method for identifying additive components for polycrystalline metals and materials that enhance grain boundary cohesion and compositions of such materials comprises calculation of an empirical value &Dgr;BAwhich is dependent upon a summation of various energy values associated with the matrix and additives and identifying the additives having a negative value. Formulations of alloys having improved physical properties and their processing steps are also disclosed.

Abstract: In order to provide a high-hardness, high-toughness steel, Si, Al, Cr, Mo, V, W, Ni, and Co are more appropriately added so that the steel can have an HRC hardness of 50 or higher and a Charpy impact value of 5 kgf m/cm2 or more by tempering at a high temperature of 600° C. or higher. The steel is a martensite steel containing at least C: 0.15 to 1.2% by weight and Si: 0.05 to 1.8% by weight, wherein Si is partially replaced by 0.15 to 1.6% by weight of Al. The steel further contains Ni: 0.3 to 2.5% by weight; Cr: 0.1 to 3.5% by weight; Mo: 0.1 to 1.7% by weight, wherein the amount of Mo is not more than the upper limit determined by the relation formula: Mo(% by weight)=1.7−0.5×(Si(% by weight)+Al(% by weight)); one or both of V: 0.05 to 0.40% by weight and W: 0.1 to 1.0% by weight; at least one alloying element of Mn, Co, Cu, Ti, B, and Nb; inevitable impurities including P, S, N, and O; and the balance consisting essentially of Fe.

Abstract: A nanocarbide precipitation strengthened ultrahigh-strength, corrosion resistant, structural steel possesses a combination of strength and corrosion resistance comprising in combination, by weight, about: 0.1 to 0.3% carbon (C), 8 to 17% cobalt (Co), 0 to 10% nickel (Ni), 6 to 12% chromium (Cr), less than 1% silicon (Si), less than 0.5% manganese (Mn), and less than 0.15% copper (Cu), with additives selected from the group comprising about: less than 3% molybdenum (Mo), less than 0.3% niobium (Nb), less than 0.8% vanadium (V), less than 0.2% tantalum (Ta), less than 3% tungsten (W), and combinations thereof, with additional additives selected from the group comprising about: less than 0.2% titanium (Ti), less than 0.2% lanthanum (La) or other rare earth elements, less than 0.15% zirconium (Zr), less than 0.005% boron (B), and combinations thereof, impurities of less than about: 0.02% sulfur (S), 0.012% phosphorus (P), 0.015% oxygen (O) and 0.

Abstract: Bimetal saw band comprising a support band of high microstructural stability and fatigue strength, comprising 0.25 to 0.35% of carbon, 0.3 to 0.5% of silicon, 0.8 to 1.5% of manganese, 1.0 to 2.0% of molybdenum, 1.5 to 3.5% of chromium, 0.5 to 1.5% of nickel, 0.5 to 2.5% of tungsten, 0.15 to 0.30% of vanadium, 0.05 to 0.10% of niobium, 0.05 to 1.0% of copper, up to 0.2% of aluminum, up to 1% of cobalt, remainder iron including melting-related impurities, and tooth tips made from a steel with high wear resistance, comprising 1.0 to 2.0% of carbon, 3 to 6% of chromium, 1 to 5% of vanadium, 3 to 10% of molybdenum, 4 to 10% of tungsten, 4 to 10% of cobalt, up to 1% of silicon, up to 1% of manganese, up to 0.5% of niobium, up to 0.5% of nitrogen, remainder iron including melting-related impurities.

Abstract: A maraging steel for use as a mold steel is disclosed. In general, the use of maraging steels in molds is limited by the fact that the martensitic microstructure is not stable at temperatures above 480° C. The precipitate hardening maraging type steel according to the invention contains titanium, molybdenum, cobalt, chromium and nickel and has, in addition to high strength, good ductility, small thermal expansion coefficient and good thermal conductivity, a significantly better thermal stability than other maraging steels, which makes it suitable for use as a mold material particularly in pressure casting.

Abstract: A nanocarbide precipitation strengthened ultrahigh-strength, corrosion resistant, structural steel possesses a combination of strength and corrosion resistance comprising in combination, by weight, about: 0.1 to 0.3% carbon (C), 8 to 17% cobalt (Co), 0 to 5% nickel (Ni), 6 to 12% chromium (Cr), less than 1% silicon (Si), less than 0.5% manganese (Mn), and less than 0.15% copper (Cu), with additives selected from the group comprising about: less than 3% molybdenum (Mo), less than 0.3% niobium (Nb), less than 0.8% vanadium (V), less than 0.2% tantalum (Ta), less than 3% tungsten (W), and combinations thereof, with additional additives selected from the group comprising about: less than 0.2% titanium (Ti), less than 0.2% lanthanum (La) or other rare earth elements, less than 0.15% zirconium (Zr), less than 0.005% boron (B), and combinations thereof, impurities of less than about: 0.02% sulfur (S), 0.012% phosphorus (P), 0.015% oxygen (O) and 0.

Abstract: A unique iron base alloy for wear resistant applications, characterized in one aspect by its hardening ability when exposed to a certain temperature range, is useful for valve seat insert applications. The alloy also possesses excellent wear resistance, hot hardness and oxidation resistance. The alloy comprises less than 0.1 wt % carbon; about 18 to about 32 wt % molybdenum, about 6 to about 15 wt % chromium, about 1.5 to about 3% silicon, about 8 to about 15 wt % cobalt and at least 40% iron, with less than 0.5 wt % nickel. In another aspect, for lower temperature applications, the cobalt is optional, the nickel content can be up to 14 wt %, but the molybdenum must be in the range of about 29% to about 36%. In one further aspect, for higher temperature applications, the cobalt is optional, but may be used up to 15 wt %, nickel must be used at a level of between about 3 and about 14 wt %, and the molybdenum will be in the range of about 26 to about 36 wt %.

Abstract: A tool steel alloy having a unique combination of hardness and toughness is disclosed. The alloy contains, in weight percent, about: wt. % C 1.85-2.30, Mn 0.15-1.0, Si 0.15-1.0, P 0.030 max., S 0-0.30, Cr 3.7-5.0, Ni+Cu 0.75 max., Mo 1.0 max., Co 6-12, W 12.0-13.5, V 4.5-7.5. The balance is essentially iron and usual impurities. The elements C, Cr, Mo, W, and V are balanced in this alloy such that −0.05≦&Dgr;C≦−0.42 where &Dgr;C=((0.033W)+(0.063Mo)+(0.06Cr)+(0.2V))−C. A powder metallurgy tool steel article made from consolidated alloy powder having the aforesaid weight percent composition provides a Rockwell C hardness of at least about 69.5 when heat treated.

Abstract: A method of casting non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, or zinc alloys uses casting components made from a tool steel comprising effective amounts of carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium, optional amounts of cobalt and increased level of molybdenum. Using the tool steel as a casting component, particularly as a mold, provides improvements in corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, softening resistance, degradation resistance and deformation resistance. The tool steel casting component has a chromium oxide layer which is formed, in one mode, during the casting operation, to enhance the life and durability of the casting component and improve its casting performance.

Abstract: A heat resistant high Cr ferritic steel comprising, in mass %, C : 0.02 to 0.15%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.5%, P : 0.03% or less, S : 0.015% or less, Cr: 8 to 13%, W : 1.5 to 4%, Co: 2 to 6%, V : 0.1 to 0.5%, Ta: 0.01 to 0.15%, Nb: 0.01 to 0.15%, Nd: 0.001 to 0.2%, N : 0.02% or less, B : 0.0005 to 0.02%, Al: 0.001 to 0.05%, Mo: 0 to 1%, Si: 0 to 1%, Ca: 0 to 0.02%, La: 0 to 0.2%, Ce: 0 to 0.2%, Y : 0 to 0.2%, Hf: 0 to 0.2%, the contents of Nd and N satisfying the formula: Nd(%) ≦5×N(%)+0.1(%), and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities. The steel is excellent in high temperature long term creep strength and toughness and can be used under the ultra super critical steam condition such as a temperature of 625° C. and a pressure of 300 atm.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool steel composition comprising, expressed in weight percentage: C 0.3%-0.4% Cr 2.0%-4.0% Mo 0.8%-3.0% V 0.4%-1.0% W 1.5%-3.0% Co 1.0%-5.0% Si 0 %-1.0% Mn 0 %-1.0% Ni 0 %-1.0% the balance being mainly constituted by iron and inevitable impurities, and also to a method of preparing the composition.

Abstract: An overlaying alloy containing no Cr or a reduced amount of Cr, in which an effective amount of Mo oxide is formed even in a weak oxidizing atmosphere such as a combustion atmosphere of diesel engines and engines using CNG, LPG or other gases as a fuel to provide an improved non-damaging property and wear resistance. An overlaying alloy comprising 20-70 wt % Mo, 0.5-3 wt % C, 5-40 wt % Ni, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, which contains no Cr to facilitate formation of Mo oxide and is advantageously applied to the parts on which an oxide coating is not easily formed such as the engine parts subject to a lower temperature combustion atmosphere. An overlaying alloy comprising 20-60 wt % Mo, 0.2-3 wt % C, 5-40 wt % Ni, 0.1-10 wt % Cr, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, which contains a small amount of Cr to control formation of Mo oxide and is advantageously applied to the parts on which an oxide coating is relatively easily formed.

Abstract: A high-strength low-thermal-expansion alloy consisting of, by weight, 0.06 to 0.50% C, 25 to 65% in total of one or both of 65% or less Co and less than 30% Ni, and balance of Fe as a main component, other optional elements and unavoidable impurities, and having a primary phase of austenite phase and martensite phase induced by working. A wire is made from the alloy.

Abstract: A steam turbine includes a rotor shaft, movable blades assembled on the rotor shaft, fixed blades for guiding inflow of steam to the moving blades, and an inner casing for holding the fixed blades. The rotor shaft and at least a first stage of the movable blades are made of high-strength martensitic steel comprising 0.05-0.20(%) of C, at most 0.15(%) of Si, 0.3-0.7(%) of Mn, 9.5-13(%) of Cr, 0.3-0.7(%) of Ni, 0.05-0.35(%) of V, 0.02-0.15(%) of Nb, 0.01-0.06(%) of N, 0.05-0.5(%) of Mo, 1.0-3.5(%) of W, 2-10(%) of Co and 0.0005-0.03(%) of B and at least 78(%) of Fe (the percentages being given in terms of weight). The inner casings is made of martensitic cast steel comprising 0.06-0.16(%) of C, at most 0.5(%) of Si, at most 1(%) of Mn, 0.2-1.0(%) of Ni, 8-12(%) of Cr, 0.05-0.35(%) of V, 0.01-0.15(%) of Nb, 0.01-0.1(%) of N, at most 1.5% of Mo, 1-4(%) of W and 0.0005-0.03(%) of B and at least 85(%) of Fe (the percentages being given in terms of weight).

Abstract: Alloy steel containing 0.10 to 0.50 wt % of C, 0.5 wt % or less of Si, 1.5 wt % or less of Mn, 1.5 wt % or less of Ni, 3.0 to 13.0 wt % of Cr, 0 to 3.0 wt % of Mo, 1.0 to 8.0 wt % of W, 0.01 to 1.0 wt % of V, 0.01 to 1.0 wt % of Nb, 1.0 to 10.0 wt % of Co, 0.003 to 0.04 wt % of B, and 0.005 to 0.05 wt % of N, the balance comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: A powder-metallurgy produced high-speed steel article having a combination of high hardness and wear resistance, particularly at elevated temperatures. This combination of properties is achieved by the combination of W, Mo, V, and Co. The article is particularly suitable for use in the manufacture of gear cutting tools, such as hobs, and surface coatings.

Abstract: A fully martensitic quenching and tempering steel (AP) essentially consists of (measured in % by weight): 8 to 15% of Cr, up to 15% of Co, up to 4% of Mn, up to 4% of Ni, up to 8% of Mo, up to 6% of W, 0.5 to 1.5% of V, up to 0.15% of Nb, up to 0.04% of Ti, up to 0.4% of Ta, up to 0.02% of Zr, up to 0.02% of Hf, at most 50 ppm of B, up to 0.1% of C and 0.12-0.25% of N, the content of Mn+Ni being less than 4% and the content of Mo+W being less than 8%, the remainder being iron and usual impurities resulting from smelting.

Abstract: A steel obtained via the metallurgy of a high purity pre-alloyed, agglomerated and densified powder, the steel has the following weight composition: Manganese <1%, silicon <1%, chromium 4.50-6.45%, molybdenum 4-6%, vanadium 6.10-6.5%, tungsten 18.20-18.70%, sulfur <0.0020%, phosphorus .ltoreq.0.030%, oxygen .ltoreq.100 ppm, cobalt 5-7%, nitrogen 0.050-0.080%, .ltoreq.aluminum 0.020%, carbon 1.80-1.95%, balance iron and the impurities which are characteristic of producing steel. The steel has for the most part a dispersion of vanadium MC type carbides.

Abstract: An iron-based, cobalt-containing soft magnetic alloy suitable for use as a core in a magnetic switch or other exciting circuits has a cobalt content of 6 through 30 weight percent, at least one of the elements chromium, molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten in range of 3 through 8 weight percent, and a remainder iron, possibly including inconsequential contaminants. The alloy has a coercive field strength of lower than or equal to 3.2 A/cm, and a saturation flux density of greater than 1.9 Tesla.

Abstract: Alloy steel powders capable of obtaining high strength in a sintered state and having excellent compacting compressibility and methods of manufacturing a sintered body. The alloy steel powder comprises, by wt %, about 0.5-2% of Cr, not greater than about 0.08% of Mn, about 0.1-0.6% of Mo, about 0.05-0.5% of V, not greater than about 0.015 of S, not greater than about 0.2% of O, and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities. The alloy steel powder is compacted and sintered at a temperature of about 1100.degree.-1300.degree. C. and then cooled at a cooling rate no higher than about 1.degree. C./s in a temperature range of from about 800.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. The alloy steel powder can contain Nb and/or Ti and one or more of Co, W and B. Additionally, Ni powder and/or Cu powder may be adhered and dispersed onto the surface of the alloy steel powder.

Abstract: A roll caster shell for use in a continuous sheet casting machine which is made of an alloy which consists essentially of, in weight %,:C: 0.35-0.55%, Si: 0.10-0.50%, Mn: 0.20-0.70%,P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Ni: 0.60% or less,Cr: 0.80-1.50%, Mo: 0.80-1.50%, V: 0.30-0.60%,Co: 0.30-1.00%,Fe and incidental impurities: balancewith the total amount of elements other than Fe and C not exceeding 5.0 atomic %.