Hydrogen Storage Patents (Class 420/900)
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Patent number: 4512965Abstract: Quaternary hyperstoichiometric alloys of the formula: ZrCrFeT.sub.x and their hydrides are provided, characterized as having MgZn.sub.2 hexagonal crystal structure wherein T is selected from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, and X is a number from 0.1 to 1.0. These alloys readily form hydrides at low hydrogen pressure and are suitable for use as hydrogen storage materials.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 1983Date of Patent: April 23, 1985Assignee: Koppers Company, Inc.Inventors: William E. Wallace, Faiz Pourarian
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Patent number: 4490348Abstract: A method and apparatus for effecting hydrogen sorption and dissociation on an adsorbent metal at an elevated temperature, wherein the method is carried out in an apparatus including a vessel for containing an adsorbent metal, the vessel including a hydrogen intake path and a hydrogen discharge path, a pair of electrodes located at opposite ends of the vessel such that the vessel is insulated to the electrodes, and a source of power for supplying electric current to the electrodes, so as to effect electric current between the electrodes through the adsorbent metal.Type: GrantFiled: February 1, 1983Date of Patent: December 25, 1984Assignee: Iwatani Sangyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Tsutomu Mizuno, Hiroyuki Kusaka
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Patent number: 4489050Abstract: Alloys consisting of from 64 to 77 atomic percent of manganese with the remainder zirconium are not suitable without further processing as a material for storing hydrogen at technically desired pressures. This property can be advantageously influenced by a heat treatment until a homogeneous C14 type of Laves phase has been obtained.Type: GrantFiled: May 20, 1983Date of Patent: December 18, 1984Assignee: U.S. Philips CorporationInventors: Roelof M. van Essen, Kurt H. J. Buschow
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Patent number: 4489049Abstract: A solid-state hydrogen storage system. A layer of an amorphous binary metal lloy of a lanthanide and iron, nickel or cobalt is disposed on a suitable substrate and overcoated with palladium metal.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 1982Date of Patent: December 18, 1984Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Donald W. Forester, Peter Lubitz, Carmine Vittoria
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Patent number: 4488906Abstract: A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing metal material which comprises elements belonging to the IIa-Va groups having the ability to form metal hydrides, and S at an atomic ratio of 0.004-0.04 in terms of one of the elements.Type: GrantFiled: October 14, 1983Date of Patent: December 18, 1984Assignee: Nippon Steel CorporationInventors: Hisashi Gondo, Ryutaro Matsumoto, Jiro Ohno, Ryoichi Suzuki
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Patent number: 4485152Abstract: A superconducting type II composite palladium alloy hydride material having a region containing a contiguous surface comprising a palladium alloy-palladium region wherein at least a portion of the alloy region contains hydrogen and at least a portion of the palladium region contains hydrogen.Type: GrantFiled: June 18, 1982Date of Patent: November 27, 1984Assignee: Research Foundation, State University of New YorkInventors: Clarke G. Homan, Wilfried W. Scholz, William J. Standish, Andreas Leiberich
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Patent number: 4451445Abstract: A method for controlling hydrogen charging of hydride forming metals through a window of a superimposed layer of a non-hydriding metal overlying the portion of the hydride forming metals to be charged.Type: GrantFiled: August 31, 1982Date of Patent: May 29, 1984Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Bo-Ching Cheng, Ronald B. Adamson
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Patent number: 4446101Abstract: A storage material for hydrogen comprising an alloy with the following composition:______________________________________ Ti(V.sub.1-a-b Fe.sub.a Al.sub.b).sub.x Cr.sub.y Mn.sub.2-x-y, ______________________________________ wherein: x = greater than 1, less than 2 y = 0 to approximately 0.2 x + y = not greater than 2 a = 0 to approximately 0.25 b = 0 to approximately 0.33 a + b = not greater than approximately 0.35 (1 - a - b) .multidot. x = not less than 1 ______________________________________This storage material for hydrogen can, in the cold state, absorb a maximum of 3.2% by weight of H.sub.2 and already possesses, at low temperatures, a high reaction speed for the absorption of hydrogen. During the absorption of hydrogen, the storage material exhibits self-heating to high temperatures. Thus, in addition to its use for storing hydrogen, it is also particularly suitable for use in preheating systems for hydride-type storage units of motor vehicles.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1982Date of Patent: May 1, 1984Assignee: Daimler-Benz AktiengesellschaftInventors: Otto Bernauer, Klaus Ziegler
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Patent number: 4446121Abstract: An economical metallic material for absorption and desorption of hydrogen comprising an alloy having the general formula represented by AB.sub.x, wherein A is Ca or a metallic material which is an alloy including Ca, B is Ni or a metallic material which is an alloy including Ni, and x is in the range of 3.8-6.3, and exhibiting a hydrogen dissociation equilibrium pressure (or plateau pressure, pressure of the plateau region of hydrogen dissociation pressure-hydride composition isotherm) below 1 atm at normal temperatures.The material of the invention very easily absorbs large amounts of hydrogen and efficiently releases it at other predetermined temperatures, pressure and electrochemical conditions, whereby it is able to store hydrogen safely, usefully and economically.Type: GrantFiled: April 22, 1982Date of Patent: May 1, 1984Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Inventors: Takaharu Gamo, Yoshio Moriwaki, Toshio Yamashita
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Patent number: 4440737Abstract: A method of producing a vanadium-based metal hydride which comprises reacting hydrogen gas at a temperature between about 0.degree. and 100.degree. C. with a vanadium-based binary solid solution alloy having a body-centered cubic structure and having a formula V.sub.1-x M.sub.x, wherein M is a metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, chromium, cobalt, iron, nickel and mixtures thereof and wherein x varies from at least about 2 atom percent up to the solubility limit of cobalt, iron and nickel and up to about 20 mol % of manganese and up to about 40 mol % of chromium in said solid solution alloy is disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: May 2, 1983Date of Patent: April 3, 1984Assignee: Allied CorporationInventors: George G. Libowitz, James F. Lynch, Arnulf J. Maeland
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Patent number: 4440736Abstract: Solid solutions of titanium, a second metal such as niobium, vanadium, and molybdenum and a third metal such as cobalt, germanium, or iron, wherein the second metal is niobium or vanadium and optionally when the second metal is molybdenum, react rapidly at room temperature obviating the need for a high temperature induction period. Solid solutions having formula (Ti.sub.1-x Nb.sub.x).sub.1-y M.sub.y wherein 0.25.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.95 and wherein y varies from at least about 0.01 to the solubility limit of M such as cobalt, germanium, or iron in said solution, are also disclosed. Hydrides of solid solution alloys of Ti/Mo/M, Ti/Nb/M and Ti/V/M are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: May 2, 1983Date of Patent: April 3, 1984Assignee: Allied CorporationInventors: Arnulf J. Maeland, George G. Libowitz, George Rak
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Patent number: 4421718Abstract: An alloy of the general formula:RNi.sub.5-x Cr.sub.y A.sub.z(wherein, R denotes one member selected from the group consisting of rare earth metal atoms and Misch metal, A denotes one metal atom selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, and tantalum, x denotes a number falling in the range of 0.01 to 2.0, y denotes a number falling in the range of 0.01 to 2.0, and z denotes a number not exceeding 0.2, providing that x, y, and z have the relation, 5.0.ltoreq.5-x+y+z.ltoreq.5.2) is useful as a hydrogen-occluding metal with slight hysteresis.Type: GrantFiled: September 24, 1982Date of Patent: December 20, 1983Assignees: Agency of Industrial Science & Technology, Ministry of International Trade & IndustryInventors: Yasuaki Osumi, Hiroshi Suzuki, Akihiko Kato, Keisuke Oguro
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Patent number: 4412982Abstract: A quaternary alloy consisting of zirconium, titanium, manganese and iron is characterized in having C14 hexagonal crystal structure and ZrMn.sub.2 stoichiometry. Members of a preferred class of compounds, represented by the empirical formula Zr.sub.1-x Ti.sub.x Mn.sub.2-y Fe.sub.y wherein "x" has a value between 0.05 and 0.3 and "y" has a value between 0.1 and 1, are particularly suitable for use as hydrogen storage materials.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1982Date of Patent: November 1, 1983Assignee: Koppers Company, Inc.Inventors: William E. Wallace, Vijay K. Sinha, Faiz Purarian
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Patent number: 4409180Abstract: A process for manufacturing intermetallic compounds of the RB.sub.5 type where R is a mixture of two or more rare earth metals and B is nickel wherein the composition is determined, with respect to the desired desorption plateau pressure at 25.degree. C. in atmospheres absolute by means of the relationshipP.sub.25 =exp(10.60-5.70 X.sub.Ce -10.03 X.sub.La -8.46 X.sub.Pr -7.84 X.sub.Nd)wherein X is the weight fraction of the indicated element and X.sub.La +X.sub.Ce +X.sub.Pr +X.sub.Nd =1.Type: GrantFiled: May 26, 1982Date of Patent: October 11, 1983Assignee: MPD Technology CorporationInventors: Gary D. Sandrock, Ernest L. Huston, James Liu
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Patent number: 4406874Abstract: A ternary alloy comprised of zirconium, manganese and a third element selected from cerium, praseodymium and neodymium is characterized in having AB.sub.2 hexagonal crystal structure and stoichiometry. Members of a preferred class of compounds, represented by the empirical formula Zr.sub.x-1 M.sub.x Mn.sub.2 wherein "x" has a value between zero and about 0.3 and M is one of the selected metals, are particularly suitable for use as hydrogen storage materials.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1982Date of Patent: September 27, 1983Assignee: Koppers Company, Inc.Inventors: William E. Wallace, Faiz Pourarian, Vijay K. Sinha
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Patent number: 4400348Abstract: An alloy of the composition represented by the formula, Mm.sub.1-x Ca.sub.x Ni.sub.5-y A.sub.y, wherein Mm stands for Mischmetal, A for one member selected from the group consisting of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Si and Zn, x for a number within the range of 0.01 to 0.99 and y for a number within the range of 0.05 to 3 is useful for storage of hydrogen.Type: GrantFiled: January 5, 1981Date of Patent: August 23, 1983Assignees: Agency of Industrial Science & Technology, Ministry of International Trade & IndustryInventors: Yasuaki Osumi, Hiroshi Suzuki, Akihiko Kato, Keisuke Oguro, Masanori Nakane
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Patent number: 4397834Abstract: A ternary intermetallic compound having the formula Zr(V.sub.1-x Cr.sub.x).sub.2 where x is in the range of 0.01 to 0.90 is capable of reversibly sorbing hydrogen at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 200.degree. C., at pressures down to 10.sup.-6 Torr. The compound is suitable for use as a hydrogen getter in low pressure, high temperature applications such as magnetic confinement fusion devices.Type: GrantFiled: January 6, 1982Date of Patent: August 9, 1983Inventors: Marshall H. Mendelsohn, Dieter M. Gruen
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Patent number: 4396576Abstract: An alloy having a composition of the general formula, MmNi.sub.5-x A.sub.x-y B.sub.y, wherein Mm is misch metal, A is one member selected from the group consisting of Al, Cu, and Mn and B is one member selected from the group consisting of Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Si, providing that both A and B do not represent one same compound, is useful for the occlusion of hydrogen.Type: GrantFiled: June 24, 1981Date of Patent: August 2, 1983Assignees: Agency of Industrial Science & Technology, Ministry of International Trade & IndustryInventors: Yasuaki Osumi, Hiroshi Suzuki, Akihiko Kato, Keisuke Oguro, Masanori Nakane
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Patent number: 4386974Abstract: A hydrogen storage material comprising a composite material comprising a matrix of an alloy consisting essentially of iron and titanium in an iron/titanium atomic ratio of 1/1.04-1.40, and dispersed therein as separate phases, a metallic oxide composed of iron, titanium and oxygen.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 1981Date of Patent: June 7, 1983Assignee: National Research Institute for MetalsInventors: Muneyuki Amano, Yasuo Sasaki
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Patent number: 4378331Abstract: The invention is directed to hydrogen absorbing compounds which are useful for storing, keeping and releasing hydrogen gas. Such compounds have the formula La.sub.x Ce 1-.sub.x Ni.sub.5 where x lies between 0.4 and 1. The compounds may also be lanthanium/nicklel compounds which contain copper zirconium or yttrium.Type: GrantFiled: July 28, 1980Date of Patent: March 29, 1983Assignee: U.S. Philips CorporationInventors: Hugo A. C. M. Bruning, Johannes H. N. Van Vuoht, Frans F. Westendorp
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Patent number: 4370163Abstract: A hydrogen storage Ti-Fe alloy of the general formula, Ti.sub.1-x A.sub.x Fe.sub.y-z B.sub.z, in which A is Zr, Hf or a mixture thereof, B is a member selected from Cr, Cu, Co, Mo, V, Ni, Nb, Mn and a mixture thereof, and x, y and z are values of certain ranges, respectively. The alloy is predominantly comprised of an effective alloy phase of CsCl type body-centered cubic crystals. The alloy of the formula where z=O is within the scope of the invention. A process for making an alloy of this type is also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: September 4, 1980Date of Patent: January 25, 1983Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, LimitedInventors: Yoshio Moriwaki, Takaharu Gamou, Nobuyuki Yanagihara, Toshio Yamashita, Tsutomu Iwaki
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Patent number: 4358432Abstract: An economical metallic material for absorption and desorption of hydrogen comprising an alloy having the general formula represented by AB.sub.x, wherein A is Ca or a metallic material which is an alloy including Ca, B is Ni or a metallic material which is an alloy including Ni, and x is in the range of 3.8-6.3, and exhibiting a hydrogen dissociation equilibrium pressure (or plateau pressure, pressure of the plateau region of hydrogen dissociation pressure-hydride composition isotherm) below 1 atm at normal temperatures.The material of the invention very easily absorbs large amounts of hydrogen and efficiently releases it at other predetermined temperatures, pressure and electrochemical conditions, whereby it is able to store hydrogen safely, usefully and economically.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 1977Date of Patent: November 9, 1982Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.Inventors: Takaharu Gamo, Yoshio Moriwaki, Toshio Yamashita
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Patent number: 4358316Abstract: An alloy capable of reversible sorption of hydrogen having the formula Fe.sub.1-x Mn.sub.x Ti.sub.1-y V.sub.y, where x is within the range from 0 to 0.2 and y is within the range of from 0.005 to 0.08.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 1980Date of Patent: November 9, 1982Assignee: University Patents, Inc.Inventors: James Liu, Charles E. Lundin, deceased
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Patent number: 4350673Abstract: There is described an alloy metal hydride for storing and releasing hydrogen at predetermined temperatures and pressures intended for storing and transporting said hydrogen and also for use as a hydrogen supply source of a fuel cell and fuel electrode. The alloy of this invention consists of 30 to 80 percent by weight Ti and 20 to 70 percent by weight Mn having a high dissociation pressure, easy hydrogen activation, low heat of formation of hydrides and a very fast rate of absorption and desorption, also the alloy is of light weight and of low cost, therefore being of great industrial use.Type: GrantFiled: February 2, 1979Date of Patent: September 21, 1982Assignee: Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, LimitedInventors: Toshio Yamashita, Takaharu Gamo, Yoshio Moriwaki, Masataro Fukuda