Abstract: A multi-chambered electrolyte storage tank for a redox flow battery system, may include first and second electrolyte chambers, and a bulkhead, wherein the first and second electrolyte chambers are fluidly coupled to first and second sides of a redox flow battery cell, respectively, the first and second electrolyte chambers include first and second liquid electrolyte volumes, respectively, and the first and second liquid electrolyte volumes are separated by the bulkhead positioned therebetween. In this way, manufacturing and operational complexity of a redox flow battery system can be reduced.

Abstract: An example sterilizing apparatus comprises a medical fluid container storing a medical fluid containing alcohol, a gas cylinder filled with pressurized carbon dioxide gas, and a spray gun connected with the medical fluid container and the gas cylinder. The sterilizing apparatus being configured to spray the medical fluid into a target space under action of the carbon dioxide gas injected from a tip nozzle of the spray gun. The sterilizing apparatus further comprises a control valve to increase and/or decrease an amount of the carbon dioxide gas to be injected, thus adjusting an amount of the medical fluid to be sprayed.

Abstract: A hydrogen-energy control system according to the present embodiment includes a hydrogen energy system, a power grid control system, a hydrogen transport system, and a hydrogen-energy integrated management system configured to control the hydrogen energy system based on information on communication with the power grid control system, wherein the hydrogen-energy integrated management system includes a first communication portion configured to perform communication of at least data of a charge request in charge and discharge requests with the power grid control system, a second communication portion configured to perform communication of hydrogen demand data with the hydrogen transport system, a target hydrogen-amount acquisition portion configured to acquire a target hydrogen-production amount based on the hydrogen demand data, and an operation planning portion configured to create an operation plan in the hydrogen energy system based on the target hydrogen-production amount and the data of the charge request.

Abstract: A pump control system for a wet test meter (WTM) is disclosed. The pump control system includes a WTM that contains packing fluid, a control module that has a DC power supply and is configured to detect a level of the packing fluid in the WTM, a pump that is configured to be controlled by the control module and is activated when the packing fluid in the WTM falls below a predetermined level, and a level sensor/detector that is located outside of the WTM, wired to the control module, and configured to monitor the packing fluid level within the WTM. When the packing fluid falls below the predetermined level as detected by the control module, the WTM is automatically filled by pumping packing fluid from a storage tank using the pump, until the packing fluid level reaches above the predetermined level.

Abstract: The present application concerns in-situ intrusive probe systems and methods. The probe systems described herein can be installed flush to a hydrocarbon containing structure, such as a pipeline, vessel, or other piping system carrying crude, gas or sour products. The probe systems include hydrogen induced cracking (HIC)-resistant microstructure such that as atomic hydrogen permeates the probe surface, the probe captures recombined hydrogen gas. The pressure of the resultant hydrogen gas buildup is measured and predictions as to the HIC activity of that area can be made.

Abstract: A raw material gas vaporization system includes: a storage tank for storing raw material gas and a transfer line for transferring the raw material gas; a reforming system including a reformer for producing hydrogen by reacting the raw material gas with water, a burner for applying heat to the reformer, and Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) for separating the hydrogen in the mixed gas generated from the reformer; a CO2 separation device for receiving off-gas in which the hydrogen has been removed in the mixed gas from the PSA to remove by liquefying CO2 by exchanging heat with the transfer line of the raw material gas vaporization system; and a gas supply line for supplying the remaining gas in which the CO2 has been removed in the CO2 separation device to a burner as fuel.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for sample collection from one or more subjects using mobile sample collection devices.

Abstract: A fully integrated and disposable point-of-care device for detecting a target nucleic acid is provided. The device comprises: an extraction chamber adapted to receive a biological sample, wherein said extraction chamber comprises means to extract and lyse the sample to release nucleic acid; a first amplification chamber in communication with the extraction chamber, wherein said amplification chamber comprises means to trigger nucleic acid amplification of a target nucleic acid sequence to occur; and a detection chamber in communication with the amplification chamber, wherein said detection chamber comprises means to detectably label the target nucleic acid and means to detect a signal associated with labeled target nucleic acid, or a single chamber for amplification, detection and identification of multiple nucleic acid sequences.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reverse flow detection for a dual fuel engine are disclosed. The engine may include an intake manifold, a liquid fuel supply line and a gaseous fuel supply line, the gaseous fuel supply line including a gaseous fuel supply and a gaseous fuel rail. The method may include: receiving sensed values of gaseous fuel supply pressure, intake manifold pressure, and gaseous fuel rail pressure; determining a threshold value based on the sensed value of gaseous fuel supply pressure; determining a reverse flow in the gaseous fuel supply line based on the sensed values of gaseous fuel supply pressure and gas rail pressure and the determined threshold value; and outputting an indication of reverse flow in response to the determination of reverse flow.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a desired atmosphere within an interior space during an initial startup phase of a CAS is provided. The method includes a controller starting the CAS while keeping the air compressor OFF. The method also includes the controller calculating an atmosphere change rate while the air compressor OFF, and determining whether the interior space can reach a desired atmosphere set point with the air compressor OFF based on the atmosphere change rate. Further, the method includes the controller maintaining the air compressor OFF until the interior space reaches the desired atmosphere set point when the controller determines that the interior space can reach the desired atmosphere set point with the air compressor OFF, and switching the air compressor ON when the controller determines that the interior space cannot reach the desired atmosphere set point with the air compressor OFF.

Abstract: A system for limiting the flow from a dispensing valve when a dispensing cartridge is replaced with the system including a dispenser cartridge with a cam and a water socket with a flow limiter therein that is activeable in response to the position of the dispenser cartridge in the dispensing valve and operable in response to an upstream fluid pressure in the dispensing valve.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device for the high-pressure treatment of products, particularly of packaged foodstuffs. The device comprises a high-pressure chamber and a discharge valve for discharging high-pressure medium out of the high-pressure chamber. The invention is characterized in that a controllable actuator is provided for adjusting the rate of the pressure decrease in the high-pressure chamber at least over a predetermined pressure range. The disclosure also relates to a method for the high-pressure treatment of products, wherein pressure decrease takes place in a first phase and in a second phase, and the mean pressure decrease rate in the first phase is higher than in the second phase.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel generator (12) for a fuel cell based charger system, and a system containing a charger (10) and a fuel generator. The generator comprises a compartment (20?) containing aluminium, means (18?, 20?, 21, FW) for providing a solution of water and a water soluble compound capable of reacting with aluminium to generate hydrogen gas, when dissolved in water and brought into contact with the aluminium, and means (FS) for passing said solution into the compartment containing aluminium. The invention also provides a method of operating the system. It comprises providing a fuel generator and a hydrogen driven fuel cell based charger device having means for accommodating the generator. The generator and charger having a common interface cooperative for providing fluid communication between the generator and the charger. The system is primed by inserting the generator into the charger whereby the interface opens up fluid communication between selected parts of the system.

Abstract: A sterilization method for a medical instrument housed in a housing container includes a temperature-increasing step of housing the housing container in the autoclave and introducing high pressure steam into the autoclave to increase a temperature within the autoclave to a prescribed temperature, a cover sheet being thermally bonded to a peripheral wall portion of the container main body; a sterilizing step of holding the temperature within the autoclave at the prescribed temperature for a prescribed time to sterilize a medical instrument; and a cooling step of reducing the temperature within the autoclave. In the temperature-increasing step, the sterilizing step, and the cooling step, compressed gas is introduced into the autoclave under a steam atmosphere obtained by the introduction of the high pressure steam to increase a current pressure in the autoclave to higher than or equal to a pressure in the housing container and inhibit the cover sheet from peeling from the peripheral wall portion.

Abstract: The present application is directed to gas generators comprising a fuel mixture and a catalyst. The catalyst is contained in a self-regulated reactor or buoy, and selectively opens and closes to produce a gas in accordance with the demand for gas. This fuel mixture is generally a solution formed by dissolving a solid fuel component in a liquid fuel component. The mixing preferably occurs before the first use, and more preferably occurs immediately prior to the first use. The inventive gas generators preferably further comprises a starting mechanism that isolates the solid fuel from the liquid fuel or vice versa before the first use. In one embodiment, the starting mechanism further comprises a catalyst shield mechanism that isolates the catalyst in the reactor or buoy from the liquid and/or the solid fuel prior to the first use.

Abstract: A reductant supply system for an exhaust aftertreatment system is disclosed. The reductant supply system may include a controller configured to receive an engine system operation signal and transmit a reductant delivery signal in response to the engine system operation signal, an injector configured to dispense a reductant fluid into an exhaust gas flow of the exhaust aftertreatment system in response to the reductant delivery signal, and a pump configured to actuate between an off condition and an on condition in response to the reductant delivery signal. Furthermore, the reductant supply system may include a recycle line and a two-way valve positioned in the recycle line configured to actuate between a closed position and an open position in response to the reductant delivery signal.

Abstract: An ablation device and a method of ablating a tissue are provided. The ablation device includes a tubular member having a proximal portion, a distal portion, a lumen extending at least partially therethrough and a conductive portion. The tubular member has a first configuration and a second configuration. The ablation device includes a distal cap operably connected to the distal portion having a diameter that is smaller than a diameter of a distal end portion of an endoscope and a proximal ring connected to the proximal portion having a diameter greater than a diameter of the distal end portion. The ablation device also includes a first catheter operably connected to the distal cap and a second catheter operably connected to the proximal ring, where the proximal ring is movable relative to the distal cap to move the tubular member between the first configuration and the second confirmation.

Abstract: A method and a device for generating of hydrogen are provided with which an instantaneous release of hydrogen in considerable amounts is possible. The method comprises a one or two step mixing including injecting the fuel and an activator fluid into a reaction chamber. The device is adapted to be operated with such a method. Further, a fuel suitable for the use with such a method is provided, the fuel being based on a dry metal hydride or a dry metal borohydride being dispersed in a non-aqueous dispersion medium. Moreover, a method for (re-) fuelling the hydrogen generating device at a service station and a method for supplying a service station with fuel are provided.

Abstract: A filter device includes a cylindrical filter, a lid member, and an urging member. The filter catches foreign matter contained in gaseous fuel. The filter has a first opening located in one end and a second opening located in the other end of the filter opposite to the first opening. The filter is arranged in the drain tank with the first opening closed with a wall member such that gaseous fuel is allowed to be drawn into the filter through the inflow portion. The gaseous fuel that has passed through the filter flows out of the drain tank through the outflow portion. The lid member closes the second opening of the filter. The urging member urges the lid member toward the filter.

Abstract: A liquid-liquid-liquid three-phase continuous and countercurrent extraction apparatus comprises a three-phase-mixing chamber, a three-liquid-flow settler, and a two-phase-mixing chamber; a liquid-flow control separator placed in the three-liquid-flow settler aims to flexibly regulate the directions of three liquid flows in the three-phase system by different control separator combinations to achieve either a countercurrent operation of the top-layered phase with the middle-bottom two-layered mixtures, or a countercurrent operation of the top-middle two-layered mixtures with the bottom-layered phase; and a method of using the same, relating to extraction and separation field of chemical technology.

Abstract: A sterilization process challenge device comprising a solid body comprised of walls which define a space, wherein the space can fully contain a sterilization indicator and a volume of gas of at least 5 cubic centimeters and not more than 1000 cubic centimeters; a flow restrictor associated with the solid body such that any flow of the gas out of the space and any flow of a sterilant into the space is restricted; wherein the sterilization indicator indicates whether or not it has been contacted by the sterilant for a time and at a temperature sufficient to sterilize an article; and wherein the walls of the solid body are impervious to the sterilant and have a thickness of at least 0.3 centimeter, methods of using the device and a kit including the device are disclosed.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for polymerization. A polymerization method may include polymerizing a monomer in a polymerization reactor to produce a slurry comprising polyolefin particles and a diluent, flowing the slurry out of the polymerization reactor through an outlet of the polymerization reactor, receiving the slurry from the outlet into a slurry handling system, conveying a first mixture from the slurry handling system to a diluent and monomer recovery system, and injecting steam into the first mixture downstream of the slurry handling system using a steam injection system.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for determining or diagnosing a reagent dosing system failure to provide sufficient reagent to an exhaust aftertreatment system that includes an SCR catalyst to satisfy a reagent dosing command.

Abstract: A process and apparatus described is for distributing hydrocarbon feed to catalyst in a riser. Hydrocarbon feed is delivered to a plenum in the riser. Nozzles from the plenum inject feed into the riser to contact the catalyst. Streams of regenerated catalyst and carbonized catalyst may be passed to the riser and mixed around an insert in a lower section of a riser. The plenum may be located in the riser.

Abstract: A modular chemical production system includes multiple modules for performing a chemical reaction, particularly of radiochemical compounds, from a remote location. One embodiment comprises a reaction vessel including a moveable heat source with the position thereof relative to the reaction vessel being controllable from a remote position. Alternatively the heat source may be fixed in location and the reaction vial is moveable into and out of the heat source. The reaction vessel has one or more sealing plugs, the positioning of which in relationship to the reaction vessel is controllable from a remote position. Also the one or more reaction vessel sealing plugs can include one or more conduits there through for delivery of reactants, gases at atmospheric or an elevated pressure, inert gases, drawing a vacuum and removal of reaction end products to and from the reaction vial, the reaction vial with sealing plug in position being operable at elevated pressures.

Abstract: An apparatus for preparing an electrode-active material, comprising a reactor that produces the electrode-active material by using a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal synthesis method; and decompression equipment that decreases the pressure of a fluid containing the electrode-active material. The decompression equipment includes a pipe-type or a tube-type decompressor.

Abstract: The mass flow rate of a first reactant stream supplied to a fuel processor is controlled based on a combined feed-forward and feedback control regime. The method is particularly applicable for actively controlling the fuel supply to a fuel processor in a system comprising a combustion engine, in which the fuel processor is fluidly connected to receive at least a portion of an engine exhaust stream from the engine. In embodiments of the system and method, the supply of fuel is controlled based on three mass flow factors.

Abstract: Reactor vessels with pressure and heat transfer features for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods. A representative reactor system includes a first reaction zone and a heat path, a reactant source coupled to the first reaction zone, and a first actuator coupled to cyclically pressurize the first reaction zone. A second reaction zone is in fluid communication with the first, a valve is coupled between the first and second reaction zones to control a flow rate therebetween, and a second actuator is coupled in fluid communication with the second reaction zone to cyclically pressurize the second reaction zone. First and second heat exchangers direct heat from products to reactants in the reaction zones. A controller controls the first and second actuators in a coordinated manner based at least in part on a flow rate of the second product from the second reaction zone.

Abstract: Reductant dosing systems and methods for engine exhaust aftertreatment are disclosed. The opening and closing of a metering valve in the reductant dosing system is controlled in a manner that mitigates pressure oscillations in the dosing system. The metering valve is opened in response to the dosing command exceeding a minimum threshold value and the differential pressure across the metering valve exceeding a differential pressure threshold. The metering valve is closed in response to either the differential pressure across the metering valve dropping below a differential pressure threshold or the actual dosed quantity exceeding the dosing command.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system or method of increased efficiency in carbon nanomaterial synthesis. In one embodiment, a system or method of automated collection of deposited carbon nanomaterial is disclosed. According to one or more embodiments, a method of automated collection of deposited nanomaterial may comprise using cleaner blades to clean the wall of a deposition chamber and the surface of a central body where carbon nanomaterial has been deposited. The method of automated carbon nanomaterial collection may be used in connection with a method of carbon nanomaterial synthesis, to create a more efficient synthesis process.

Abstract: A precision volumetric liquid dispensing instrument is disclosed that includes two pressure sensors and a fluid passageway with a defined volume portion in communication with the two sensors for receiving and distributing liquid in relatively small volumes. One of the pressure sensors is positioned to measure pressure at one portion of the defined volume portion of the fluid passageway and the other of the gas pressure sensors is positioned to measure gas pressure at a different portion of the defined volume portion of the passageway. At least one valve is in communication with the passageway for moving fluids into or out of the defined volume portion of the fluid passageway, and a processor carries out a step selected from the group consisting of (i) calculating the volume of the liquid based upon the measured pressure and (ii) metering a liquid into the defined volume portion of the fluid passageway until the measured pressure indicates that a desired volume of fluid is in the fluid passageway.

Abstract: A instrument for performing synthesis of small molecules such as Oligos and Peptides when using solid phase synthesis techniques to synthesize small molecules. The system and methods include a mechanism for controlling the pressure differential across the reaction vessels that contain the solid support used in solid phase synthesis. Reaction vessels are held in a holder that provides a sealable chamber at the outlet ends of the reaction vessels. The rotor containing the reaction vessels is placed within a sealable chamber. The sealable chamber is fitted with a means for engaging the rotor and draining the reaction vessels to waste. The sealable chamber is also fitted with a means for engaging the rotor to drain the reaction vessels at a slower, variable rate.

Abstract: A system and method for adapting the clean filter correction map for a selective catalyst reduction filter SCRF of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system are provided. The system may be in fluid communication with an engine of a vehicle. The system may include a first pressure sensor and a second pressure. A differential pressure module is in communication with the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor and configured to generate a delta pressure signal corresponding to a pressure drop between the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor. The system may also include a controller configured to determine a number of completed regeneration events of the SCRF; compare the number of completed regeneration events to an evaluation element; and enable an adaptation module by executing one of a first control action, a second control action, and a third control action.

Abstract: An ethylene polymerization system is provided with a quench system and that cools the product mixture entering the separation system with a reduced load on the first compressor of the system. The system includes first and second compressors, a high pressure reactor; a high pressure let down valve through which the product mixture from the high pressure reactor flows, and a separation system that separates gas from the product mixture. The quench system includes a pump having a suction inlet that receives all or substantially all of the low pressure flow of monomer from the first compressor. The system provides quenching of the product stream while allowing the first compressor to be operated at a discharge pressure lower than the suction pressure of the second compressor, thereby conserving energy.

Abstract: A flow wood processing extracting lignin from woody plant material and converting delignified cellulosic residue to crude bio-oils, that removes toxic preservative chemicals from waste timber, and provides conversion to useful or nontoxic forms. Wood is chipped and fed into a lignin extractor using ethanol at high temperatures to dissolve the lignin with counter current material contactors, heat exchangers, and a computer control system. Most of preservative chemicals likely precipitate out at this stage as a heavy sludge that can be removed. Ethanol containing dissolved lignin is removed from the lignin extractor, the dissolved lignin recovered, the ethanol recycled into the lignin extractor, and residual heat returned to the process. Delignified cellulosic pulp is removed from the lignin extractor and subjected to a milling to convert into a smooth sludge for entry to a bio-convertor by a super critical water process. The residue is prepared as a high phosphate fertilizer.

Abstract: Portable hydrogen generators are disclosed. In the various embodiments, the generator may include a chamber configured to endothermically decompose a material positioned within the chamber to generate hydrogen gas. A heater may be in thermal communication with the material to stimulate a release of the hydrogen gas. An electrical power source may be controllably coupled to the heater, so that electrical power delivered to the heater may be controlled in response to at least one detected property of the hydrogen gas.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to the use of gas clathrates. More particularly, this disclosure relates to systems, methods, and apparatuses related to the use of gas clathrates as a fuel source for automobiles. The gas clathrates may first be dissociated into at least one gas and the at least one gas delivered to the prime mover of a vehicle or the gas clathrates may be directly utilized by the prime mover as a fuel source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous separation and discharge apparatus and method of solid catalysts and liquid products for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions, and more particularly, to a continuous separation and discharge apparatus and method of solid catalysts and products for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactions involving the conversion of synthetic gas into synthetic oil, by which products of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis including wax, as a long-chain hydrocarbon, can be stably obtained by continuously separating the products from a slurry comprising solid catalyst particles and the products using periodic pulses of a feeding gas and discharging the products through a lower portion of a reactor.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for treating an exhaust gas in a foreline of a substrate processing system are provided herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus for treating an exhaust gas in a foreline of a substrate processing system includes a plasma source coupled to a foreline of a process chamber, a reagent source coupled to the foreline upstream of the plasma source, and a foreline gas injection kit coupled to the foreline to controllably deliver a gas to the foreline, wherein the foreline injection kit includes a pressure regulator to set a foreline gas delivery pressure setpoint, and a first pressure gauge coupled to monitor a delivery pressure of the gas upstream of the foreline.

Abstract: An ammonia generating and delivery apparatus generating ammonia by heating a precursor material with a heating device controlled by a temperature pulse controller which receives commands from a pressure controller, and delivering ammonia with a flow rate controlled by a three-stage PWM controller. The temperature pulse controller is used in a first feedback loop to create a temperature pulse sequence at a surface of the heating device. A pressure controller in a second feedback loop provides duty-cycle commands to the temperature pulse controller, while in delivering ammonia, effects of pressure variation to delivery accuracy are compensated in the three-stage PWM controller, which includes a flow-rate feedback loop. The ammonia generating and delivery apparatus can also include two containers, in which the precursor material in one container is charged and discharged according to the capability of the other container in generating ammonia.

Abstract: Methods for generating hydrogen gas and related systems are disclosed. Aspects of methods include providing a solid reactant component to an expandable reactant zone within an expandable reaction chamber, providing a liquid reactant component to a collapsible receptacle, controllably transporting the liquid reactant component in the collapsible receptacle to the expandable reaction chamber, and reacting the liquid reactant component with the solid reactant component. In some instances, components are configured for volume exchange among the expandable reaction chamber, the expandable reactant zone, and the collapsible receptacle.

Abstract: A nitric oxide delivery system, which includes a gas bottle having nitrogen dioxide in air, converts nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide and employs a surface-active material, such as silica gel, coated with an aqueous solution of antioxidant, such as ascorbic acid. A nitric oxide delivery system may be used to generate therapeutic gas including nitric oxide for use in delivering the therapeutic gas to a mammal.

Abstract: A graphite manufacturing apparatus includes a furnace body, an exhaust pipe, a waste oil tank and a suction pump. The exhaust pipe is connected to the furnace body and communicates with the furnace body to discharge a waste gas of the furnace body. The waste oil tank communicates with the exhaust pipe to absorb waste oil of the waste gas and to filter the waste oil. The suction pump is connected with the waste oil tank and communicates with the waste oil tank, the exhaust pipe and the furnace body so as to suck the waste gas of the furnace body to the waste oil tank and to discharge a gas filtered by the waste oil tank. The present invention can decrease the amount of the waste oil of the waste gas and prolongs the service life of the suction pump.

Abstract: A system and method for discharging a transfer slurry from a first polymerization reactor through a transfer line to a second polymerization reactor, the transfer slurry including at least diluent and a first polyethylene. A product slurry is discharged from the second polymerization reactor, the product slurry including at least diluent, the first polyethylene, and a second polyethylene. The velocity, pressure drop, or pressure loss due to friction in the transfer line is determined, and a process variable adjusted in response to the velocity, pressure drop, or pressure loss not satisfying a specified value.

Abstract: Techniques, methods and systems for preparation liquid fuels from hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide are disclosed. The present invention can transform hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide generated from organic feed stocks or other industrial emissions into renewable engineered liquid fuels and store them in a cost-efficient way. The method of the present invention includes: supplying hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide to a heated area of a reaction chamber in controlled volumes; forming carbon monoxide by the energy provided by the heated area; transporting carbon monoxide and hydrogen to a reactor in controlled volumes; supplying additional hydrogen to the reactor; regulating the pressure in the reactor by adjusting the controlled volumes in order to achieve a predetermined object; forming the liquid fuel in the reactor according to the predetermined object; and, storing the liquid fuel in a storage device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for treating an exhaust gas in a foreline of a substrate processing system are provided herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus for treating an exhaust gas in a foreline of a substrate processing system includes a plasma source coupled to a foreline of a process chamber, a reagent source coupled to the foreline upstream of the plasma source, and a foreline gas injection kit coupled to the foreline to controllably deliver a gas to the foreline, wherein the foreline injection kit includes a pressure regulator to set a foreline gas delivery pressure setpoint, and a first pressure gauge coupled to monitor a delivery pressure of the gas upstream of the foreline.

Abstract: A method is provided for fluid flow containment in an open liquid environment at least partially defined by a surface. The method includes the step of positioning a microfluidic device over the surface. The microfluidic device defines a chamber having a height. A flow of fluid is applied in the chamber. The pressure of the flow of fluid is monitored and the height of the chamber is determined from the measured pressure of the flow of fluid.

Abstract: A method for controlling injection of a reductant into an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine includes determining the temperature and pressure of reductant supplied to a reductant injector. The method also determines a maximum reductant flow rate as a function of the reductant temperature and pressure and controls operation of the injector as a function of the maximum reductant flow rate.

Abstract: A nitric oxide delivery system, which includes a gas bottle having nitrogen dioxide in air, converts nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide and employs a surface-active material, such as silica gel, coated with an aqueous solution of antioxidant, such as ascorbic acid. A nitric oxide delivery system may be used to generate therapeutic gas including nitric oxide for use in delivering the therapeutic gas to a mammal.

Abstract: Hydrogen generation assemblies and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a pump controller configured to select a flowrate from a plurality of flowrates based on detected pressure, and to operate the pump at the selected flowrate. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a purge valve assembly configured to allow at least one pressurized gas to flow through a purge conduit from a pressurized gas assembly to a fuel processing assembly when power to the fuel processing assembly is interrupted. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a damper controller configured to move a damper between fully open and closed positions based, at least in part, on detected temperature in a hydrogen-producing region. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a reformer controller configured to operate a fuel processing assembly between run and standby modes based, at least in part, on detected pressure.