Abstract: An electronic censer includes a seat and an incense detachably mounted on the seat. The seat includes a base, a supporting plate mounted on the base, two pins protruding from the plate and an annular rib surrounding the pins. A bottom of the incense is inserted within the annular rib. The incense includes a light guiding rod, a shell enclosing the rod, an LED, a circuit board and a battery embedded within the shell. An induction coil is fixed in the shell to control the lighting of the LED.

Abstract: In various implementations, a filter may include a substrate and manganese oxide coupled to the substrate. The filter may at least remove particles and/or chemicals from a gaseous stream. In some implementations, the filter may be capable of degrading at least one of formaldehyde or ozone present in a gaseous stream.

Abstract: A station combines a toilet paper dispenser, dispenser for dispensing hand wipes, a dispenser for dispensing surface antibiotic wipes, and a deodorant feature. The station includes a toilet paper dispenser made from a plastic type material and the toilet paper dispenser may be a single or double roll dispenser. The station cover houses a battery-operated fan that pulls air from inside the dispenser. A tray inside the dispenser holds a fragrance cup holding a quantity of deodorant. The base holds one or two rolls of commercial toilet paper, each of which rolls on a hollow plastic axle to hold a bottle containing wipes. A microswitch may be integrated in the cover to disengage the fan when the cover of the unit is open.

Abstract: A gas treatment apparatus, suitable for use in an air purifying apparatus for the production of breathable air, includes a catalyst including palladium and iron oxide and a source of a volatile nitrogen-containing compound. The apparatus is useful in gas masks, emergency escape hoods and static air treatment apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for generating oxygen, comprising at least one oxygen source selected from chlorates and perchlorates, to an oxygen generator comprising such a composition, and a method for generating oxygen by decomposing such a composition. The present invention further relates to the use of transition metal ortho-phosphate compounds ortho-vanadate compounds and mixed ortho-phosphate-vanadate compounds as multifunctional components in the oxygen generating compositions.

Abstract: Systems and methods utilizing water-vapor-partial-pressure-differential across a chemically-selective membrane to remove water vapor from a habitable spacecraft environment(s). The system preferably utilizes heat from an exothermic CO2 removal process to prevent condensation at the chemically-selective membrane.

Abstract: A composition, system, and method for abatement of airborne contaminants employ an aqueous solution of cyclodextrin and a preservative. The system includes a low shear mixer for introducing the aqueous solution to a contaminated air stream by laminar flow. The system also may have a separator for removing by high shear agitation a contaminant from the aqueous solution following its use, for purposes of recycling the cyclodextrin. The composition, system, and method are particularly useful for treatment of an indoor atmosphere in which the contaminant is a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon such as styrene.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide an air treatment assembly including a sorbent, such as a carbon fiber cloth, for cleansing circulating indoor air of VOCs. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the air treatment assembly is provided and may be configured for in-situ regeneration, using outside air to flush a sorbent and purge the air treatment assembly in a repeatable adsorption-regeneration cycle, allowing a relatively small mass of sorbent to be used for an extended period of time.

Abstract: An odor control system includes a controlling gas source, a gas sensor module for detecting a dominant gas, the gas sensor module, a sample conduit, and an electronic control unit. The controlling gas source supplies a controlling gas to react with a foul air gas in a foul air volume. The gas sensor module for detects a dominant gas and generates a detection signal. The sample conduit routes reacted gas from the four air gas volume to the gas sensor module. The electronic control unit is configured to receive the detection signal from the gas sensor module and to automatically control the controlling gas source in response thereto. The detection signal has a signal direction relative to a signal baseline set such that the signal direction will differ depending on whether the controlling gas or the foul air gas is the dominant gas.

Abstract: A method for disinfecting a volume or surfaces bounding a volume comprising nebulizing a solution comprising a sterilizing agent in a solvent having a lower boiling point than the sterilizing agent, for example ultrasonic nebulization of aqueous hydrogen peroxide, to form a nebulant. The nebulant is subjected to energy of a kind and for a duration sufficient to vaporize solvent in preference to sterilizing agent, eg heating element means, infra red, laser, microwave, RF or other radiation generating means; induction heating means; heat exchanger means; conduction means; convection means; or mechanical energy transfer means to increase the concentration of the agent in the nebulant particles. Vaporized solvent is removed from the gas stream at or above atmospheric pressure and, if necessary, the nebulant is cooled to below 70° C. The volume or surfaces are exposed to the nebulant for a time sufficient to sterilize said volume or surfaces. Also, apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: This specification relates to an improved method, process and apparatus for disinfecting and sterilizing all types of surfaces and indoor air and room air contaminated with microorganisms. The improved apparatus consists of a multi-wavelength narrow spectral width UV source that is more effective than mercury based 254 nm germicidal lamps for destroying the DNA and outer shell or membrane of virus, bacteria, spores and cists.

Abstract: An air purification system includes an internally hollow cylindrical casing made of a non-conducting material; an inner electrode arranged on an inner surface of the supporting member; an outer electrode arranged on an outer surface of the supporting member; a photocatalyst filter arranged on an outer surface of the outer electrode for purifying air inside a plasma generation zone; and a power source for supplying power of opposite polarities to each of the inner electrode and the outer electrode so as to generate plasma. The photocatalyst filter includes a filter element, and the filter element includes a porous titanium foil having a non-periodic spongy structure impregnated with anatase titanium dioxide particles as a photocatalyst.

Abstract: An odor control composition may be dosed to a wastewater treatment system to control hydrogen sulfide levels. The composition may include a sulfide-reducing agent and an oxidizer. Synergy between the compounds of the odor control composition may facilitate efficient reduction of hydrogen sulfide levels. The sulfide-reducing agent and the oxidizer may be present in a single odor control composition or may be dosed to the system separately.

Abstract: A deodorizing mask includes an air permeable mask main body for covering nose and mouth of the user with at least two types of nonwoven cloth, the mask main body having a deodorizing nonwoven cloth layer including a chemical adsorptive deodorizer and a dustproof nonwoven cloth layer having a dustproof effect, and the air permeability of the dustproof nonwoven cloth layer being ? or less of the air permeability of the deodorizing nonwoven cloth layer. Preferably, the air permeability of the dustproof nonwoven cloth layer is in a range of 10 to 120 cm/(cm·s) in a permeated air quantity based on the Frazir method, the air permeability of the deodorizing nonwoven cloth layer is in a range of 40 to 400 cm/(cm·s) in a permeated air quantity based on the Frazir method, and the permeated air quantity of the dustproof nonwoven cloth layer is ? or less of the permeated air quantity of the deodorizing nonwoven cloth layer.

Abstract: An air filtration media for use with a heating ventilation and air condition (HVAC) system is provided. The filtration media comprises an air filter media layer having a first and second side, a PCO media layer having a first and second side, and a barrier layer positioned between the second side of the air filter media layer and the first side of the PCO media layer. The air filter media layer, barrier layer, and PCO layer are pleated together and enclosed within a frame for placement adjacent a light source within a plenum of the HVAC system.

Abstract: An electronic burner includes a burner base and an electronic incense. The burner base includes a burner body and a light emitting source mounted in the burner body. Then electronic incense includes a light guiding body and an incense head. The light guiding body is detachably mounted with the burner body. The incense head includes a first chamber, a second chamber, first reaction solution, and second solution. The first chamber is connected with the light guiding body away from the burner body. The second chamber is received in the first chamber. The first reaction solution received in the first chamber, and the second solution is received in the second chamber. When the second chamber is cracked, the first reaction solution and the second reaction solution would be mixed together in the first chamber to make a chemistry reaction happen, and at the same time, produce light.

Abstract: An electronic censer includes a censer body, an incense branch and a circuit board. The circuit board is received in the censer body. The incense branch is positioned on the circuit board and includes a heat dissipating board, a light-emitting diode, a first incense core, a second incense core enclosing the first incense core and a reflecting layer on a periphery of the second incense core. A tubular passage is defined between a periphery sidewall of the first incense core and a sidewall of the heat dissipating board to receive liquid fragrance therein. Heat generated by the LED is transferred to the liquid fragrance via the heat dissipating board. Vapor of the liquid fragrance and light of the LED leave the electronic censer via a top of the incense branch.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides devices and methods for making a light emitting diode (LED) activated photocatalyst air filter. One or more embodiments include a filter material that includes a photocatalyst, and a frame that includes an array of a number of LEDs positioned on the frame to project a wavelength of light directed toward the filter material, wherein the array of LEDs is positioned a distance from the filter material.

Abstract: An apparatus (100 and/or 200) and corresponding method (500) for air sterilization and disinfection can include an electronics and control module (110 and/or 210), a means for drawing air from the surrounding environment into the apparatus (120 and/or 220), an air management chamber (130 and/or 230), and a housing (170 and/or 270). The means for drawing air from the surrounding environment into the apparatus (120 and/or 220) mobilizes latent pathogens in the environment and draws them into the apparatus (100 and/or 200) for sterilization and disinfection. The air management chamber (130 and/or 230) provides for exposure of the airborne pathogens to UV radiation, via UV LEDs (150 and/or 250), with a dosage sufficient to penetrate the cell walls and destroy the pathogens. The electronics and control module (110 and/or 210) powers the apparatus (100 and/or 200) and interfaces with the electronic components. The housing (170) forms the outer shell of the apparatus (100).

Abstract: This invention provides a healthcare cum optimal illumination device. The inventive device includes at least one frame, at least one light source, and at least one layer of treated filter cover. The light source is disposed in the frame. The light source emits infrared radiation, visible light radiation, and ultraviolet radiation. The visible radiation is used for illumination, and the invisible infrared and ultraviolet radiation is harnessed to improve indoor air quality. The layer of the filter cover is treated with substances of air cleaning properties and encloses the frame. The treated filter cover has at least one opening where air in the frame heated by the infrared radiation flows out from the device and cooler ambient air surrounding the device is drawn through the filter cover into the frame replacing the heated air that has flown out of the device to form air circulation and to perform air purification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for reducing electromagnetic pollution (1) which measures the electromagnetic radiation amount in the environment, and enables to reduce radiation when the radiation amount exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A modular germicidal light grid system for use inside an air treatment apparatus that has a plenum in which a stream of air is enclosed. The system comprises at least one elongate member and at least one lamp assembly. Each lamp assembly comprises a housing defining at least one socket and is mounted to one elongate member at a predetermined position. The system further comprises at least one linear germicidal light source. Each light source has a longitudinal axis and a distal end constructed and arranged to mount within one socket of the housing. The elongate member is mounted within the plenum and the lamp assembly is mounted to the elongate member such that the longitudinal axis of the light source extends therein the stream of air and is positioned at an acute light angle relative to the direction of flow of the stream of air.

Abstract: A gas purifying apparatus and a method thereof are disclosed. According to an exemplary embodiment, a gas purifying apparatus includes a first chamber comprising a first inlet into which a first fluid flows and a first outlet through which a part of the first fluid is discharged, a purifier which purifies air from the first chamber, which air is then re-injected into the first chamber and a conduit which transports air from the first chamber to the purifier.

Abstract: An emanator device for emanating an air treatment agent into the surrounding air comprises a housing (102) which contains a solid or liquid source of the air treatment agent, wherein the housing comprises a blister or capsule containing an air treatment agent (108) and a plurality of openings which are sufficiently small that they can be closed by a film or plug of water. For example the openings may be provided by a gauze or mesh (114). The openings do not inhibit the emanation of air treatment agent released from the blister, but when the emanator device is subject to wet conditions, as may happen in a dishwashing machine, the openings are blocked by a film or plug of water. The air treatment agent does not therefore enter the water, where it may have caused adverse effects, or simply have been wasted. Under dry conditions, however, emanation occurs normally.

Abstract: A device for sanitizing objects using ozone is disclosed having a container defining an enclosed space and a selectively closeable opening for enclosing the space, an ozone generator, an ozone converter, a controller, and a timer working together to generate a predetermined concentration of ozone within the enclosed space and maintain approximately the same concentration for a predetermined period of time. Also disclosed are assemblies and methods detecting and warning of entrapment within the enclosure and halting ozone production when it occurs. Further disclosed are devices and methods for coupling a maintenance device to the sanitizing system to perform various maintenance operations such as adjusting operational control parameters, and observing conditions within the enclosed chamber in real-time such as temperature, humidity, and ozone concentration.

Abstract: An ozone converter includes an inlet housing having an inlet at a first end and an inlet housing flange at a second end and an outlet housing having outlet housing flange at a first end and an outlet at a second end. The ozone converter also includes a removable coupling holding the inlet housing and the outlet housing in a fixed relationship to one another and a core disposed at least partially within one of the inlet housing flange and outlet housing flange. The core includes a core flange disposed at least partially between the inlet housing flange and outlet housing flange such that core is held in a fixed position relative to one or both of the inlet and outlet housings.

Abstract: An apparatus for lighting an oxygen candle within a drum and for sealing the drum of an oxygen candle furnace. The apparatus includes a housing member for positioning the ignition assembly on a lid of the drum. The housing member having an upper portion, a lower portion and a borehole extending through the upper and lower portions. An ignition nail is placed in the borehole and housing member is structured to hold prevent the ignition nail from moving laterally, and to automatically align the nail with the oxygen candle within the drum.

Abstract: A product disposal apparatus includes a bin for receiving discarded products, a cover assembly including a lid positioned at least partially over the bin, a power module receiving pocket situated in the cover assembly for receiving one of a power module and a power shell module, and a fragrance receiving pocket situated in the cover assembly for receiving one of a fragrance module and a fragrance shell module. The lid is rotatably secured to the cover assembly and has a partial cylindrical shape having a front portion and a back portion, and wherein a back portion of the lid is positioned to at least partially cover the bin opening as the lid is rotated into an open position.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling the moisture content of biodegradable and bioresorbable polymer resin during extrusion above a lower limit that allows for plasticization of the polymer resin melt and below an upper limit to reduce or prevent molecular weight loss are disclosed. Methods are further disclosed involving plasticization of a polymer resin for feeding into an extruder with carbon dioxide and freon.

Abstract: A system for reducing biological and/or chemical contaminants within a feed fluid stream includes in one embodiment at least one recuperator having a cold pass and a hot pass, wherein a contaminated fluid stream is introduced into the cold pass of the recuperator; optionally heating the feed fluid stream using a heater; and introducing the feed fluid stream into a compressor, and compressing the fluid stream to an elevated pressure, resulting in heating of the fluid stream to an elevated temperature, thereby producing a decontaminated fluid stream.

Abstract: An anti-microbial air processor is configured and arranged to fit at least substantially across an airway in a personal patient-warming apparatus to thereby inactivate airborne microbes before those airborne microbes are exposed to a patient via warming air delivered by the personal patient-warming apparatus. By one approach, the anti-microbial air processor comprises an anti-microbial air filter. By another approach, in lieu of the foregoing or in combination therewith, the anti-microbial air processor comprises one or more ultraviolet light sources configured to expose at least one inner surface of the personal patient-warming apparatus to ultraviolet light to thereby inactivate microbes.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a scent, constituted of: a directional air mover arranged to produce an air flow exhibiting an angular velocity in relation to a central linear axis of the air flow; a plurality of electronically controlled scent producing elements arranged about the produced air flow, each of the plurality of electronically controlled scent producing elements distal of the directional air mover such that scent from any of the plurality of electronically controlled scent producing elements are not deposited on any surface of the directional air mover; and a control unit in communication with each of the directional air mover and the plurality of electronically controlled scent producing elements. Preferably, the plurality of electronically controlled scent producing elements is arranged radially about the central linear axis of the air flow.

Abstract: A nitric oxide delivery system, which includes a gas bottle having nitrogen dioxide in air, converts nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide and employs a surface-active material, such as silica gel, coated with an aqueous solution of antioxidant, such as ascorbic acid. A nitric oxide delivery system may be used to generate therapeutic gas including nitric oxide for use in delivering the therapeutic gas to a mammal.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally Portable censer bag, where the censer elements are mounted inside the said bag. The portable bag is designed to mount all censer elements inside, so we can take it everywhere and use it easily. The censer bag is power by electric power supply 220 v AC and also, with rechargeable battery 12 v DC through the adapter. Every piece of the censer mounted in a suitable place in the bag according to its size or height. And so, each piece is fixed while carrying the bag. There is a decoration lighting strip surround the bag which also used as indication of the charging of the battery according to light intensity. The Bag made of strong materials to withstand the shocks and coated with a layer of sponge and an artificial skin.

Abstract: A method and device for producing a fragranced air stream for fragrancing rooms, objects or the like, wherein fragrance is applied to a strip-like fragrance carrier (4) which is moved in an evaporation duct (1) through which fresh air flows. The fragrance is applied onto the moving fragrance carrier (4) by means of specific spraying before the fragrance carrier (4) enters the evaporation duct (1), and the fragrance carrier (4) is discarded as waste after exiting the evaporation duct (1).

Abstract: Embodiments herein generally relate to the use, devices, and compounds for generating singlet oxygen. In some embodiments, the singlet oxygen can be used for fluid purification and/or sterilization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an add on filter and air filtration system and method incorporating an add on filter for applying ultraviolet light to an environment to create oxidizing agents for killing microbes, such as bacteria, mold, and viruses, and for destroying odors. The add on filter may be coupled to existing air filtration systems to provide further filtration of the air. The add on filter includes an ultraviolet light source for emitting a broad spectrum of ultraviolet light and a catalytic target structure mechanically coupled to the ultraviolet light source. The system and method result in the production of Hydroxyl Radicals, Super Oxide ions and Hydro Peroxide for killing microbes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for improving the efficiency of an aerator which is used for removing residual biocide used for decontamination, sterilization, sanitation, or disinfection processes. The apparatus comprises an aerator assembly that produces an optimum air flow region and a high surface area catalyst panel. The method comprises utilizing the apparatus with optimizing gas flow rates, residence time of the contaminated gas within the catalyst panel, air flow pattern, air transport rate, cleaned air discharge pattern, and the nature and configuration of the catalyst.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling fecal odors in an enclosed space, such as a pit latrine, include providing an oxidizer, such as a catalytic heater and an optional mechanical ventilation unit, such as an inline fan, both flow connected to a vault (pit) of the latrine. The heater is also connected to a source of fuel, for example, propane. Fresh air is drawn through vents in the latrine housing and thereafter through toilets in the latrine and through the vault, providing oxygen for the reaction. The fan and/or oxidation process draws both fresh air and accompanying odorous compounds directly from the latrine and into the oxidizer wherein the odorous components are substantially destroyed.

Abstract: An air purification system including a Particle Phase Pollutant (PPP) treatment section (9) having an air inlet (14) and an air outlet (15), a particle removal filter, (11) and a blower (12) to draw air from the air inlet (14) of the PPP treatment section (9) to pass through the particle removal filter (11) and exit through the air outlet (15) of the PPP treatment section (9). The system also includes a Gas Phase Pollutant (GPP) treatment section (10) installed at a downstream position of the particle removal filter (11) of the PPP treatment section (9), the GPP treatment section (10) having an air inlet (19) and an air outlet (20), a gas removal filter (16) with high filter air flow resistance, and a blower (17) located at a downstream position of the gas removal filter (16) to draw air from the air inlet (19) of the GPP treatment section (10) to pass through the gas removal filter (16) and exit through the air outlet (20) of the GPP treatment section (10).

Abstract: An ion generating device generates O2?(H2O)n (where n is a natural number) as negative ions and H+(H2O)m (where m is a natural number) as positive ions, and discharges those ions into the air so that airborne germs are killed through an oxidation reaction by hydrogen peroxide H2O2 or radical hydroxyl OH generated through as an active species a chemical reaction between the negative and positive ions. Satisfactory sterilization is achieved when the negative and positive ions are generated in such a way that the concentrations of the negative and positive ions are both 10,000 ion/cc at a distance of 10 cm from the point at which they are generated.

Abstract: The invention is an air pollution control apparatus for cleaning exhaust gases from motor vehicles using both electrostatic precipitation and a non-thermal plasma. The precipitator is especially useful in cleaning exhaust gases from diesel engines. The precipitator provides for easier cleaning in between uses, as well as a more efficient cleaning of exhaust gases. The air pollution control apparatus of the present invention is configured as two pass system whereas each pass is designed as multistage horizontal plate type electrostatic precipitator. The first pass applies a direct current, consistent voltage for particle collection through electrostatic precipitation. The second pass uses spiked voltage, non-thermal plasma generation for the production of free radicals to oxidize toxic gases, and with the addition of a diesel oxidation catalyst to transform harmful molecular compounds in the exhaust gas into safe gases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an air purifier, comprising a housing, an air dynamic unit, an ultraviolet light-emitting unit, an evaporation container for accommodating neutralizer, and a catalyst device. The air dynamic unit is disposed at the inlet of the housing. The ultraviolet light-emitting unit and the catalyst device are disposed in the housing. The present invention uses the light-emitting unit and the catalyst device to purify the air and exhaust the purified air via the outlet of the housing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vehicular air cleaner. A DOR (Direct Ozone Reduction) system for suppressing deterioration of a purifying function of an ozone purifying material is provided. Active oxygen is produced by an ozone purifying function of activated carbon. The probability that the active oxygen contacts with a fin of a radiator on a rear surface side is higher than that on a front surface side of the radiator. Accordingly, the activated carbon on the rear surface side of the radiator is easily oxidized as compared with the activated carbon on the front surface side. Therefore, in the fin, a coating amount of the activated carbon on the front surface side of the radiator is adjusted to be larger than a coating amount of the activated carbon on the rear surface side. Thus, the probability that the active oxygen contacts with the activated carbon can be reduced.

Abstract: A biodegradable odor and moisture absorbing article and system includes a biodegradable odor removing agent insert formed as a pouch for use removing odors and moisture from articles such as a bag, enclosure, or environment surrounding the person. The biodegradable pouch includes activated bamboo charcoal enclosed with a 100% breathable fabric (linen or hemp. The system includes an inner-facing layer of a dry touch breathable material such as fabric that wicks moisture into the pouch and an outer layer comprising a waterproof material or barrier (e.g. 100% vinyl backed polyester backing) configured to face the moisture such as a bag, enclosure, or environment surrounding the person. The article eliminates odor by the adsorption process when the pouch is inserted in the bag, enclosure, or environment surrounding the person.

Abstract: An air freshener cartridge with mounting that includes a housing with a mounting clip configured to releasably engage with an extant air vent cover to removably secure the air freshener cartridge with mounting thereto, the air cartridge with mounting oriented in a position normal the direction of airflow issuing through said vent.

Abstract: A multiple scent delivery device includes a support housing having a plurality of holes therein and having an upper end and a lower end, a heating source removably connected to a lower end of said upwardly disposed support housing, a cone shaped inner flue operably disposed within the support housing having a plurality of holes therein and having an upper end and a lower end and an upper container removably disposed on the upper end of support housing in spaced-apart relationship above from the heating source for retaining an aromatic substance, whereby heat generated induces the retained aromatic substance within the upper container to disperse into the ambient air.

Abstract: The present invention provides a breathing assistance apparatus that has a convenient and effective method of cleaning internal conduits inside the apparatus. The breathing assistance apparatus is preferably a gases supply and humidification device. The cleaning method is a method of disinfection that is automated so minimal training is required to disinfect in particular an internal elbow conduit within the device. It is therefore not necessary to dismantle the gases supply and humidification device, therefore, inadvertent damage to the internal parts of the device is avoided. The present invention also provides a method of disinfecting a heated breathing conduit and a patient interface.

Abstract: Various systems, devices, NO2 absorbents, NO2 scavengers and NO2 recuperator for generating nitric oxide are disclosed herein. According to one embodiment, an apparatus for converting nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide can include a receptacle including an inlet, an outlet, a surface-active material coated with an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid and an absorbent wherein the inlet is configured to receive a gas flow and fluidly communicate the gas flow to the outlet through the surface-active material and the absorbent such that nitrogen dioxide in the gas flow is converted to nitric oxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for decontaminating a region. The apparatus includes a housing that defines a chamber therein. The housing has an inlet and an outlet that communicate with the chamber. A blower circulates a carrier gas from the region, through the inlet of the housing, through the chamber and out through the outlet of the housing. An atomizer introduces an atomized mist of a fluid into the carrier gas circulated through the chamber. A diffuser is disposed relative to the outlet of the chamber for redirecting said carrier gas exiting said outlet of said chamber into a predetermined direction. The diffuser includes a heating element.