Abstract: A desulfurization system has an oxidation process unit, and a multi-stage, liquid-liquid extraction unit in series with the oxidation process unit. The multi-stage, liquid-liquid extraction unit spits a fuel input from the oxidation process unit into a desulfurized fuel that is output for use, and a by-product. A solvent/sulfur/hydrocarbon separation process unit receives the by-product from the multi-stage, liquid-liquid extraction unit.

Abstract: A biological fluid analysis cartridge is provided. In certain embodiments, the cartridge includes a base plate extending between a sample handling portion and an analysis chamber portion. A handling upper panel is attached to the base plate within the sample handling portion. A collection port is at least partially formed with the handling upper panel. An initial channel and a secondary channel are formed between the handling upper panel and the base plate. The collection port and initial and secondary channels are in fluid communication with one another. A chamber upper panel is attached to the base plate within the analysis chamber portion. At least one analysis chamber is formed between the chamber upper panel and the base plate. The secondary channel and the analysis chamber are in fluid communication with one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and methods for producing liquid colloids such as suspensions of nanoparticles, in which liquid feedstock materials are reacted on a reaction surface of a rotatable plate. The apparatus has a first plate (101) mounted for rotation about a rotation axis (102), the first plate (101) providing a reaction surface (103) having a concave portion; first (106) and second (107) inlet lines arranged to introduce respective first and second liquid feedstock materials to the reaction surface (103); and a collection unit (110) arranged to collect a reaction product formed from reaction of the liquid feedstock materials as a liquid colloid ejected from an outer edge of the plate (101).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and method for removing molybdenum and other possible impurities from an organic copper-containing extraction solution in connection with the liquid-liquid extraction related to copper recovery. The removal of impurities occurs in one or several removal units built into the organic extraction solution storage tank.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for extracting one or more sulfur compounds. The process may include mixing a hydrocarbon stream containing the one or more sulfur compounds with an alkaline stream in at least one vessel. Often, the at least one vessel includes a member forming a perimeter about an interior space and having a first side and a second side forming a passageway communicating at least one of the hydrocarbon stream and the alkaline stream from an outer surface of the member to the interior space, and a frustum. The frustum can be positioned proximate to the passageway and abutting the member for facilitating contacting of the hydrocarbon stream and the alkaline stream.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for removing one or more sulfur compounds from a first liquid. The process can include passing the first liquid through a first inlet and a second liquid through a second inlet of a vessel, passing the first and second liquids through the passageway for facilitating contacting of the first and second liquids to extract the one or more sulfur compounds from the first liquid to the second liquid, and passing the first liquid through the first outlet and the second liquid through the second outlet. Often, the vessel has a plurality of vortex contactors, and a first outlet and a second outlet. The plurality of vortex contactors can include a first vortex contactor, in turn having at least one wall forming a perimeter about an interior region and including a first side and a second side forming a passageway communicating the first liquid from an exterior to the interior region, and a frustum positioned proximate to the passageway and abutting the at least one wall.

Abstract: A single-use mixer or homogenizer is provided that includes a container provided with a lid which is provided as a compression element (29) for substances (45) in the container (1). The compression element (29) is rotatably arranged in relation to the container (1). The substances (45) are pressed and ground through the sieve (13) into the collecting chamber (27) by the rotation of the compression element (29), and can be removed by a pipette (43) which passes through both the compression element (29) and the cover on the sieve (13).

Abstract: A method for the evaporative production of phenol-BPA adduct crystals in a crystallizer is provided. First, a supersaturated BPA solution is introduced into a crystallizer that includes a cylindrical vessel and a concentrically-disposed draft tube that defines an annular space between the vessel and tube. Next, the BPA solution is circulated through the draft tube and annular space while a coolant is uniformly distributed in the circulating flow by radially injecting a volatile hydrocarbon compound at between about 30% and 60% of a radial extent of the annular space of to form a BPA mixture. Phenol-BPA adduct crystals are produced in the vessel by evaporating the volatile hydrocarbon compound out of the BPA mixture. The method provides a consistent and uniform concentration of coolant across the surface of the boiling zone that prevents or at least reduces unwanted crystal nucleation.

Abstract: Dispensing systems facilitates formation and dispensation of a use solution from a solid concentrate. The dispensing system may include a cartridge attached to a spray bottle or other dispensing apparatus. The cartridge defines a reservoir configured to store a solid product concentrate. A diluent, such as water, is placed in a fluid reservoir of the dispensing apparatus. Activation of a dispensing mechanism, such as a trigger, creates a vacuum in the cartridge reservoir, opening a valve and drawing diluent from the fluid reservoir into the cartridge reservoir and onto the solid product. The flow of diluent onto the solid product causes a portion of the solid product to be dissolved, eroded, and/or otherwise mixed with the diluent to form a use solution. Actuation of the dispense mechanism may further draw the use solution from the cartridge reservoir and dispense the use solution through the nozzle.

Abstract: A microchip including a separation portion for separating a first component and a second component from a sample containing the first component and the second component, respectively, a first collection portion for collecting the first component, a second collection portion for collecting the second component, a first flow path for guiding the first component from the separation portion to the first collection portion, and a second flow path for guiding the second component from the separation portion to the second collection portion is provided.

Abstract: A liquid-liquid-liquid three-phase continuous and countercurrent extraction apparatus comprises a three-phase-mixing chamber, a three-liquid-flow settler, and a two-phase-mixing chamber; a liquid-flow control separator placed in the three-liquid-flow settler aims to flexibly regulate the directions of three liquid flows in the three-phase system by different control separator combinations to achieve either a countercurrent operation of the top-layered phase with the middle-bottom two-layered mixtures, or a countercurrent operation of the top-middle two-layered mixtures with the bottom-layered phase; and a method of using the same, relating to extraction and separation field of chemical technology.

Abstract: An extraction apparatus capable of continuously and efficiently extracting a biological substance is provided. Multiple rotation discs are utilized in the extraction apparatus to significantly improve the efficiency of extracting the biological substance by using an extraction solvent. Specifically, when the extraction solvent is applied to extract lipids from microalgae, retention time of the microalgae in the extraction solvent can be significantly increased, and solubility of the microalgal lipids in the extraction solvent can be improved. Hence, the efficiency of extracting the lipids from the microalgae by using the extraction solvent can be enhanced. On the other hand, owing to the improvement of the efficiency of extracting the lipids from the microalgae, the amount of the extraction solvent can be reduced, and production costs can be reduced as well.

Abstract: In the production of isobutylene-based elastomers the product obtained from the polymerization process is often in the form of a stream. Described herein are an apparatus and a process for removal of hydrocarbon liquids from the elastomer. The process comprises the steps of obtaining a stream comprising hydrocarbon liquids, either solvents or diluents, and an isobutylene-based elastomer; passing the stream through a kneader to volatize the hydrocarbon liquids from the elastomer.

Abstract: A crystallizer for the evaporative production of phenol-BPA adduct crystals is provided that achieves more uniform crystal growth while suppressing undesired crystal nucleation. The crystallizer includes a cylindrical vessel; a draft tube concentrically disposed within the cylindrical vessel such that an annular space is defined between the vessel and tube; an impeller that circulates liquid in the vessel through the draft tube and the annular space, and a plurality of nozzles mounted around an inner wall of said cylindrical vessel that introduce an evaporative coolant into the vessel. Each of the nozzles includes a discharge end disposed between about 30% and 60% of a radial extent of the annular space, and is located below an upper end of the draft tube a distance of between about 50% to 150% of the diameter of the vessel. Such a nozzle arrangement provides a consistent and uniform concentration of coolant across the surface of the boiling zone that prevents or at least reduces unwanted crystal nucleation.

Abstract: An extraction apparatus capable of continuously and efficiently extracting a biological substance is provided. Multiple rotation discs are utilized in the extraction apparatus to significantly improve the efficiency of extracting the biological substance by using an extraction solvent. Specifically, when the extraction solvent is applied to extract lipids from microalgae, retention time of the microalgae in the extraction solvent can be significantly increased, and solubility of the microalgal lipids in the extraction solvent can be improved. Hence, the efficiency of extracting the lipids from the microalgae by using the extraction solvent can be enhanced. On the other hand, owing to the improvement of the efficiency of extracting the lipids from the microalgae, the amount of the extraction solvent can be reduced, and production costs can be reduced as well.

Abstract: A device for extracting and fragmenting substances, especially infectious or malodorous substances, in a laboratory test vessel (3) is provided. The device includes a processing tool (11) and a stirrer element (33). An interior of the laboratory test vessel (3) is subdivided by a sieve (59) into a collection chamber and a processing chamber. The sieve (59) prevents parts of the substances having a defined rain size from reaching the collection chamber (73). A sample can be taken from the collection chamber using a pipette (45) which is passed through the stirrer element (33) and the sieve (59).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reversing the dispersion formed in the mixing section of liquid-liquid extraction and kept condensed in the separation section and the separated solutions form the rear end of the separation section to flow back towards the feed end of the separation section. The invention also refers to the extraction equipment for implementing the reversed flow.

Abstract: A device for extracting and fragmenting substances, especially infectious or malodorous substances, in a laboratory test vessel (3) is provided. The device includes a processing tool (11) and a stirrer element (33). An interior of the laboratory test vessel (3) is subdivided by a sieve (59) into a collection chamber and a processing chamber. The sieve (59) prevents parts of the substances having a defined rain size from reaching the collection chamber (73). A sample can be taken from the collection chamber using a pipette (45) which is passed through the stirrer element (33) and the sieve (59).

Abstract: A system includes a first source including a first reactant; a second source including a second reactant capable of reacting with the first reactant to form a first product; and a reactor. The reactor includes a first element having a wall connecting a first point and a second point, the wall extending more than 180° around the first point; and a second element movably engaged with the first element to define a reconfigurable reaction chamber capable of being in fluid communication with the first and second reactants.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and equipment with which an organic solution extraction solution is purified from entrainment of aqueous solution and impurities during hydrometallurgical liquid-liquid extraction. The method treats an organic extraction solution, which is loaded with a valuable metal or valuable substance from the aqueous solution. The purpose is to carry out the physical separation of water droplets and the chemical removal of impurities from the organic extraction solution simultaneously.

Abstract: High concentrations of dye may be prepared in combination with thermoplastic polymers and used in optical polymers as monomeric and dimeric molecular solutions. The method of preparing high concentration levels allows the control over the aggregation of dye molecules that is required to maintain effective nonlinear operation. The present invention is applicable to many systems and is essential to the successful production of working optical limiting devices and other optically transparent polymeric devices, as well as other photonic applications, such as nonlinear optics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reversing the dispersion formed in the mixing section of liquid-liquid extraction and kept condensed in the separation section and the separated solutions form the rear end of the separation section to flow back towards the feed end of the separation section. The invention also refers to the extraction equipment for implementing the reversed flow.

Abstract: The device of the invention includes the following 5 new elements in each mixer-settler: a) agitators with blunt edged turbines, b) decreasing degree of agitation throughout the series of mixing compartments, c) baffle with a central window in the settler interface, located after the flow buffers, and d) baffle without a window, centered in the settler interface, located after the baffle with a window. These elements allow for an operative method which inhibits secondary dispersion, reducing the formation of micro-droplets, without affecting the mass transfer between the phases. Consequently, this obtains a phase separation process with entrainments so small that it is possible to drastically increase the quality of the product, by obtaining an ultra-pure aqueous extract, simultaneously reducing the settling surface required.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling and compressing a dispersion formed in the mixing stage of liquid-liquid extraction. The compression of the dispersion is achieved by reducing the cross-section of the separation section in the direction of flow and by equipping the separation section with a dispersion-damming member. The equipment according to the invention thus comprises a settler, which is essentially trapezoid in shape so that its cross-section is wider at the feed end of the settler and gets smaller towards the rear end of the settler, from whence the separated solutions are discharged from the settler, and the settler is equipped with at least one device to dam up the dispersion. In particular the method and equipment relate to the extraction process used in the recovery of metals.

Abstract: This liquid—liquid extractor essentially comprises: individual extractors (1), battery mounted, sliding or set along rails (2) and able to consist of separators of two liquid phases by centrifuging; intermediate parts (3) connecting the individual extractors (1) to allow the flows to cross them successively and to undergo increasingly improved separation of their species, or to proceed with overflows or withdrawals, these parts being simply set on the rails so as to be able to replaced easily; and a tightening system (6, 7) comprising either a stop means (6) at one end of the rails (2) and a push means (7) at the opposite end, or two push means (7) at each end, to tighten the battery and to ensure a sealed connection between the intermediate parts (3) and the individual extractors (1).

Abstract: A mixing and pouring apparatus for computer controlled processing of mixing and pouring operations includes a rotatable arm capable of holding vessels therein, the arm rotatable at programmable speeds and time lengths to perform automated moving and pouring processes. The present invention further provides a cap and vessel positioning system that securely locks a vessel in place and realigns the cap in essentially the identical position in relation to the vessel every time the vessel is capped. In one embodiment, both the cap and vessel have flanges that are aligned when the cap is properly secured to the vessel.

Abstract: A device includes an agitation tank, a liquid circulation means for circulating a liquid along a tank wall of the agitation tank, and at least one auxiliary heat transfer means provided inside the agitation tank, wherein the auxiliary heat transfer means is constantly put in a wetted state.

Abstract: A reaction chamber has a surface to be protected and a longitudinal axis transverse to this surface. For the protection of the surface, a method is used comprising introducing a primary flow of reactants into the chamber in a manner whirling around the longitudinal axis thereof, withdrawing reaction products at an opposite end of the reaction chamber in a flow along the longitudinal axis, and introducing into the chamber a secondary protecting flow directed from a periphery of the surface towards the longitudinal axis. The primary flow and the flow of reaction products approximate a free vortex flow and a pressure created by this vortex flow keeps the secondary flow adjacent the surface to be protected, substantially over its entire area.

Abstract: This liquid-liquid extractor essentially comprises: individual extractors (1), battery mounted, sliding or set along rails (2) and able to consist of separators of two liquid phases by centrifuging; intermediate parts (3) connecting the individual extractors (1) to allow the flows to cross them successively and to undergo increasingly improved separation of their species, or to proceed with overflows or withdrawals, these parts being simply set on the rails so as to be able to replaced easily; and a tightening system (6, 7) comprising either a stop means (6) at one end of the rails (2) and a push means (7) at the opposite end, or two push means (7) at each end, to tighten the battery and to ensure a sealed connection between the intermediate parts (3) and the individual extractors (1).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for reducing or substantially eliminating chromium in non-volatile residue obtained from a certain processes, and particularly from cyclohexane oxidation processes.

Abstract: Discloses is apparatus for extracting biomass from a biomass supply, including a hollow vessel in which is established a countercurrent flow of biomass in the form of liquid or particles of biomass entrained in a liquid and solvent. The vessel includes an outlet for a solvent/extract mixture at a first vessel side and an outlet for biomass at a second vessel side. The solvent/extract mixture outlet is coupled to a closed loop circuit that includes at least a separator which encompasses a condenser having first and second stages connected in series with the second of such stages operating at a lower temperature than the first stage and both stages supplying substantially uncontaminated solvent to the hollow vessel.

Abstract: A method and cell for reducing the size of a solvent extraction process in which a series of cells are arranged in an extraction process. The process includes the use of conventional settlers at the beginning and at the end of the extraction process with at least one reduced-size extraction cell in the middle of the extraction process.

Abstract: The invention provides a crystallization apparatus that includes an agitation tank, a liquid circulation means for circulating a liquid or a slurry along a wall of the agitation tank, and one or more temperature difference creation means capable of creating a temperature difference at the wall of the agitation tank, wherein the temperature difference creation means is installed to the agitation tank. The temperature difference creation means is, for example, arranged at a region where liquid or slurry spouted by rotating the liquid spouting device contacts the wall of the agitation tank or a region below that region, and which increases or decreases the temperature of the spouted liquid or slurry compared to the temperature of surrounding liquid or slurry. Since the apparatus with this configuration has a large vaporization area and a large heat transfer area, the induction period for crystal generation can be shortened, and crystals with narrow size distribution and large size can be obtained.

Abstract: In a method according to the invention, a dispersion coming from a mixer part is conducted from downwards to the liquid part of the settler, into the middle part of the feed end, wherefrom it is set to be distributed to inside the settler part, in a closed channel-like space located in the immediate vicinity of the settler along the whole width of the settler and the flow therefrom mainly above the channel-like part towards the rear end of the settler. The method according to the invention is realized by means of an apparatus where an uptake shaft extending from the dispersion mixing tank to the settler opens into the feed end of the settler, from where there are further directed distribution channels towards the settler side edges. The distribution channels are placed in the bottom part of the settler.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and apparatus for performing microanalytic and microsynthetic analyses and procedures. The invention particularly provides microsystem platforms for achieving efficient mixing of one or a plurality of fluids on the surface of the platform when fluid flow is motivated by centripetal force produce by rotation.

Abstract: Continuously operated, two-part crystallizer which is particularly suitable for the resolution of racemic mixtures, and process for separating solid mixtures which are difficult to separate, in particular racemates.

Abstract: An apparatus for supercritical extraction is disclosed herein. The apparatus includes a plurality of containers adapted to hold a different one of a corresponding plurality of samples, a first transport means for carrying the plurality of sample containers, and a second transport means for transporting a selected container from the first transport means to a supercritical extractor. The supercritical extractor includes a heating means having a recess for receiving the selected container, means for passing fluid at a supercritical condition through the selected container, and a receiving means for receiving extractant from the selected container. A programming means is provided to control the first and second transport means.

Abstract: Devices and methods for detecting the presence, or absence of the presence of at least one target molecule employing a receptacle housing a reaction chamber comprised of at least one compartment containing suitable reagents for the detection of the target molecule are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides multi-well plates and column arrays in which samples (e.g., cell lysates containing nucleic acids of interest, such as RNA) can be analyzed and/or processed. In one embodiment, the microfiltration arrangement is a multilayer structure, including (i) a column plate having an array of minicolumns into which samples can be placed, (ii) a discrete filter element disposed in each minicolumn, (iii) a drip-director plate having a corresponding array of drip directors through which filtrate may egress, and (iv) a receiving-well plate having a corresponding array of receiving wells into which filtrate can flow. The invention provides multi-well microfiltration arrangements that are relatively simple to manufacture and that overcome many of the problems associated with is the prior arrangements relating to (i) cross-contamination due to wicking across a common filter sheet or (ii) individual filter elements entrapping sample constituents within substantial dead volumes.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing centrifugal crystallization of organics, which unifies all the individual steps for the removal of impurities into a single operation. The apparatus consists of two coaxial rotors and stationary parts. A crystallizable feed stock is mixed under pressure with a suitable refrigerating solvent and injected into a rotating liquid ring of the process materials. A faster drum-shaped outer rotor rotates the process materials while a slower frame-shaped inner rotor distributes the combined feed, collects refined product and recycles crystal fines as seeds. Advantage is taken of the centrifugal force and of the radial pressure gradient for gradual adiabatic evaporation of the solvent and simultaneous crystallization of the substance to be purified, as well as for the separation of phases, counter-current crystal washing with its own melt, followed by product melting by external heat, and withdrawal of a product from the apparatus.

Abstract: A heat sink for dissipating heat generated by a CPU, includes a metallic base, a number of heat dissipating fins projecting from the base, thermal grease spread on the base, and a protective cap enclosing the thermal grease to protect it from being contaminated before the heat sink is assembled to the CPU or a CPU module.

Abstract: The method and apparatus mixes two immiscible liquids A and O to form a dispersion and then pre-separates the dispersion into two fractions (A+o) and (O+a) in a spout. These two fractions are fed separately into a decanter with two separate compartments which continue to maintain the two fractions as separate. Within the two separate compartments the two fractions are further separated into two flows, A, O, a, and o, such that four flows exit the decanter.

Abstract: Heat sinks pre-coated with a layer of a material such as thermal grease are disclosed. Contamination and migration of the thermal grease is substantially reduced by covering the coated areas with a protective film that is removed prior to the assembly of the heat sink into a circuit board or other assembly. By providing a pre-coated heat sink, productivity can be enhanced, by increasing accuracy with which the thermal grease is applied, thus eliminating waste and clean up. Methods for pre-coating either a heat sink or the protective film with thermal grease are also disclosed. In preferred embodiments areas of the heat sink can be either fully coated,, or portions electively coated, and the coating is most preferably accomplished by a silk screening or pad printing process. The protective film is preferably provided with a tear off tab to facilitate the removal of the protective film.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for separating volatile from nonvolatile substances, separation of volatile substances, one from the other, and for performing various chemical reactions. In particular, an apparatus which performs these functions utilizing a combination of above ambient temperatures and above one inch of mercury vacuum within a rotating vessel. The apparatus uses a conventional rotary vacuum seal. The apparatus, however, operates well above the maximum operating temperature of the conventional rotary vacuum seal by isolating and cooling the conventional rotary vacuum seal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the treatment of waste materials including nuclear contaminated materials is disclosed. The method of the invention includes the steps of: grinding the base material until the maximum grain size is 50 millimeters; drying the ground material to a relative humidity content below 30%; distilling the material at a core temperature of 100.degree.-1200.degree. C. on a negative pressure from 200 N/m.sup.2 to an over pressure of 300 kN/m.sup.2 in an oxygen free, reducing, indirect heated environment; burning or cooling the vapors arising; treating the remaining solid materials by combustion, mineralization, vitrification, or solidification; and pelletizing or granulating the remaining ash. The apparatus of the invention includes a dry distillation reactor that has a rotary, closed, horizontally arranged cylinder with hollow axes on the ends. The axes are separated from input and output houses by seals. The input house is provided with a loading opening and a gas exit branch.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for solvent extraction where the heavy and light phases are directed counter-currently into vertical mixing zones created by high-strength gas jets injecting gas up through the liquids to create an emulsion plume between the two liquids. The gas jets are at certain intervals along the countercurrent flow paths of the liquids with settling zones on either side of each the mixing zone. The phases disengage in the settling zones, flowing from the mixing zone in opposite countercurrent directions. The system has minimal backmixing, no moving parts, and good contact between phases.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for use in the separation of volatile from non-volatile substances, separation of volatile substances, one from the other, and for performing various chemical reactions and, in particular, to an apparatus which performs these functions utilizing a combination of above ambient temperatures and above one inch of mercury vacuum within a rotating vessel fitted with or without an internal filter through which exiting gases and vapors must pass. Because of the compactness allowed by the present invention, the apparatus can also be configured to operate in a self contained mobile mode.

Abstract: A reusable apparatus for multiphase, multistage countercurrent liquid separation is presented. The apparatus is particular useful in progressive multistage separation of target microorganisms from background organisms and materials with precise transfer, air exclusion, homogeneous mixing, isolation from the ambient atmosphere, in the absence of valves and at ow cost. The structure has at least one chamber in which a piston-like sliding bottom is sealingly moved or braked and includes internal structure for mixing, preferably a magnetic-stainless steel ball which can be reciprocated from the outside to mix the liquid contents. Motion of the bottom is limited by stops. A number of ways to actuate the apparatus are taught.

Abstract: This invention relates to a vertically disposed polymerization reactor having a series of essentially circular tray assemblies; each tray assembly having a central open vapor chimney and two split-flow paths each split-flow path containing one reverse flow path wherein the liquid polymer flow is reversed by means of a substantially semi-circular turnaround region; each tray having a liquid polymer tray inlet and a liquid polymer tray outlet for conducting a flow of the liquid polymer by means of a hydraulic gradient; each tray assembly being open at the top for escape of vapor from the liquid polymer flow to the central open vapor chimney; and each tray arranged in vertical disposition one above the other.

Abstract: This invention relates to a vertically disposed polymerization reactor having a series of essentially circular tray assemblies; each tray assembly having a central open vapor chimney and a single flow path composed of at least two loops wherein the liquid polymer flow is reversed by means of a substantially semi-circular turnaround wall; each tray having a liquid polymer tray inlet and a liquid polymer tray outlet for conducting a flow of the liquid polymer by means of a hydraulic gradient; each tray assembly being open at the top for escape of vapor from the liquid polymer flow to the central open vapor chimney; and each tray arranged in vertical disposition one above the other.