Abstract: Systems and methods including modular electromagnetic heating systems enable heating of articles using electromagnetic energy. The systems include a primary processing vessel equipped with electromagnetic energy launchers and fluid delivery systems to enable capable of preheating, heating, and cooling of the articles within the primary processing vessel. The primary processing vessel is further configured to be coupled to one or more upstream or downstream vessels such that portions of the preheating and/or heating functionality may instead be performed by the additional vessels. This flexibility enables scaling of the electromagnetic heating system between a relatively small (e.g., lab) scale system and a relatively large (e.g., production) scale system while minimizing capital expenditures and space requirements.

Abstract: A sterile glass pharmaceutical container or vessel such as, but not limited to, vials for holding pharmaceutical products or vaccines in a hermetic and/or sterile state. The sterile glass pharmaceutical container undergoes a strengthening process that produces compression at the surface and tension within the container wall. The strengthening process is designed such that the tension within the wall is great enough to ensure catastrophic failure of the pharmaceutical container, thus rendering the product unusable, should sterility be compromised by a through-wall crack. The tension is greater than a threshold central tension, above which catastrophic failure of the pharmaceutical container is guaranteed, thus eliminating any potential for violation of pharmaceutical integrity or sterility (such as stable cracks) in the glass packaging which are not easily identifiable in an otherwise seemingly intact pharmaceutical container.

Abstract: A method for separating fat from lean, while minimizing the loss of micronutrients from the lean, is disclosed. The method includes combining a mixture of fat particles that are a majority of fat, and lean particles that are a majority of lean, with a saturated aqueous fluid, wherein a density of the fluid is greater than a density of the fat particles, and wherein the fluid is saturated with one or more components found in beef prior to being combined with the beef particles. The method includes collecting the fat particles separate from the lean particles by causing the fat particles to rise in the fluid, and collecting the lean particles. The saturated fluid reduces the depletion of micronutrients from the lean.

Abstract: Provided is a sterilization processing line resulting from an upstream tank (16) and a downstream tank (17) that each retain a product liquid being connected by a duct (18) that transfers the product liquid, a high-temperature heating unit (21) that sterilizes the product liquid being provided to the intermediate section of the duct, one or a plurality of stages of heating units (22, 23) that heat the product liquid in stages being provided to the duct reaching from the upstream tank to the high-temperature heating unit, and one or a plurality of stages of cooling units (24, 25, 26) that cool the product liquid in stages being provided to the duct reaching from the high-temperature processing unit to the downstream tank.

Abstract: A tank or bed has a plurality of sidewalls that create a bed cavity and a Fresnel panel frame that includes at least one Fresnel panel. The Fresnel panel frame may be adjacent to the bed cavity and may cover at least a portion of the bed cavity. An amount of sludge may be contained within the bed cavity. When placed in sunlight, the heat enhanced by the Fresnel panels may heat the sludge sufficiently for the sludge to be used as fertilizer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for sterilizing a cosmetic product, in which said product consists of a fluid circulating under regulated pressure in a sterilization circuit (1), according to the viscosity of said fluid. The invention also relates to the device for implementing such a method.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for vaporizing and transporting an alkali metal salt is shown. The apparatus has a first conduit capable of transporting an alkali metal salt solution and a second conduit in fluid communication with the first conduit, the second conduit capable of transporting steam so that the alkali metal salt is dissipated into the steam forming a solution that can be transported, such as to a remote reaction zone. The solution can be transported via a third conduit that is capable of being heated by a heat source. The method can be used to add a promoter to a dehydrogenation catalyst during a dehydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the production of thermoplastic polymer dispersions, using a reaction vessel with a first volume and a secondary volume, wherein a first stirrer is located and operative in said first volume and a secondary stirrer is located and operative in said secondary volume, wherein the first volume is at least 20 times larger than the secondary volume, wherein the stirrers in both volumes are able to handle viscosities above of or equal to 1000 mpas, including the steps of a.) loading the first volume of the vessel with an initial amount of polymer and optionally water and optionally alkaline; b.) heating the vessel externally to a target process temperature in the range of 80-300° C.; c.) operating the first stirrer in the first volume for at least half an hour at a speed of in the range of 10-100 rpm; d.) addition of water and optionally alkaline to the first volume; e.

Abstract: This invention relates to means for footwear care and also can be used for cleansing of footwear. The method of antifungal and antibacterial drying of footwear includes simultaneous processes of heating and ultraviolet treatment, wherein optimum combination of thermal and ultraviolet treatments can be chosen. The apparatus for antifungal and antibacterial electro-drying of footwear includes heating elements (4), ultraviolet lamps (5), and two bodies (1,2). The heating element and ultraviolet lamps are disposed inside each of the bodies. Present invention provides reliable preventive care of footwear by means of coordinated simultaneous processes of heating and ultraviolet treatment.

Abstract: Tunnel is provided for conditioning of food products, especially for sterilization of food in containers or vessels of the heat-sealed type, in which the conditioning unit has: 1) an active temperature and pressure control system provided in at least one magnetron supported heating stage, which provides for balancing of the pressure within the heat-sealed vessels or containers; 2) a conveyor which conveys the heat-sealed vessels or containers through the stages along the conditioning unit which contains mechanisms that move the conveyor outside of the conditioning tunnel, and 3) doors operating like check valves that separate the conditioning stages, but still provide for continuous linear feed of products through conditioning tunnel. Movement of the magnetron electromagnetic field and/or conveyor is controlled by software which utilizes the temperature and/or density measurements in a closed loop process to ensure uniform heating of the products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for sterilizing a cosmetic product, in which said product consists of a fluid circulating under regulated pressure in a sterilization circuit (1), according to the viscosity of said fluid. The invention also relates to the device for implementing such a method.

Abstract: A sterilizing tunnel for pharmaceutical containers has an entry zone, a heating zone, and two cooling zones. The individual zones contain ventilating fan units that generate air currents, which serve to heat and cool the containers that a transport apparatus conveys through the sterilizing tunnel. The heating and cooling units, which operate using the principle of heated and cooled air flow, is supplemented with radiant heat-generating unit. The sterilizing tunnel makes it possible to achieve a uniform heating and cooling of the containers, preventing stress cracks in the containers and permitting intentional heating that makes it possible, for example, for the containers to be coated with a substance.

Abstract: Biowaste sterilizers are described. In one implementation an exemplary system has waste transport vessels that can be intermittently heated and pressurized, for example, with steam, and are interconnected to provide multiple sterilization pathways for waste as the waste is transported. Selected sterilization pathways may depend on attributes of the waste. Sterilization factors, such as mechanical shredding, application of steam, application of pressure, maintenance of temperature, separation of liquid, etc., are integrated into the waste transport features of the system, which can be made compact to save space while processing relatively large bulk amounts of materials, such as medical wastes. The system maintains safe isolation of bio-hazardous components in the waste from the external environment. A system controller provides parameters management, smart sterilization cycle control, quality assurance, safety management, diagnostics, and reporting over a network.

Abstract: A culture apparatus which is capable of shortening sterilization time includes a gas concentration measuring sensor, pipes connected to a gas concentration measuring device and every corner of a cultivating chamber, and a sterilizing gas generator that supplies sterilizing gas into a cultivating chamber and atomizes a sterilizer solution (oxygenated water) by means of an ultrasonic vibrator. The culture apparatus further includes an ultraviolet lamp that irradiates gas in the cultivating chamber, a freely opening/closing door, a door-locking device, and a controller for controlling the locking device to prevent the door from being opened from start of the sterilization process to end of the decomposition process.

Abstract: A tunnel is provided for conditioning of food products, especially for sterilization of food in containers or vessels of the heat-sealed type, in which the conditioning unit has: 1) an active pressure control system corresponding to at least one heating stage, which provides for balancing of the pressure within the heat-sealed vessels or containers; and 2) a conveyor which conveys the heat-sealed vessels or containers through the stages along the conditioning unit which contains mechanisms that move the conveyor outside of the conditioning tunnel, and 3) doors operating like check valves that separate the stages of the conditioning unit; and 4) a cross section of the tunnel of the polygonal type; and 5) the conditioning unit including inlets for introduction of washing liquids with a corresponding discharge outlet. Preferably, the magnetrons are covered to protect each magnetron from liquids.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating waste comprises a gravity drop steam heating tower for heating the waste to the biological kill temperature using pressurized steam, a first feed member for feeding the waste to be sterilized to the gravity drop steam heating tower, and a vaporization system. The vaporization system includes a heating chamber for facilitating vaporization of liquids in the waste, a conveying member for conveying the waste from the lower end portion of the gravity drop steam heating tower into and through the heating chamber, and a vaporization chamber for receiving the waste from the heating chamber and for releasing vapor entrained in the waste into the vaporization chamber.

Abstract: Bio-waste sterilizers are described. In one implementation an exemplary system has waste transport vessels that can be intermittently heated and pressurized, for example, with steam, and are interconnected to provide multiple sterilization pathways for waste as the waste is transported. Selected sterilization pathways may depend on attributes of the waste. Sterilization factors, such as mechanical shredding, application of steam, application of pressure, maintenance of temperature, separation of liquid, etc., are integrated into the waste transport features of the system, which can be made compact to save space while processing relatively large bulk amounts of materials, such as medical wastes. The system maintains safe isolation of bio-hazardous components in the waste from the external environment. A system controller provides parameters management, smart sterilization cycle control, quality assurance, safety management, diagnostics, and reporting over a network.

Abstract: An exhaust gas treatment system includes a heating module for heating exhaust gas upstream of a main catalytic converter. The heating module includes a first heating core having a first core volumetric size and a second heating core having a second core volumetric size that is less than the first core volumetric size. The first heating core with the larger first core volumetric size is configured to optimize pre-crank heating, while the second heating core with the smaller second core volumetric size is configured to optimize post-crank heating. The first heating core and the second heating core may be arranged in series with each other or in parallel with each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating mold spores, pathogens and odor from material like equine bedding. The apparatus includes two or more pairs of augers including blades to control the size of the material and to move it in a zigzag fashion through heat.

Abstract: Tunnel is provided for conditioning of food products, especially for sterilization of food in containers or vessels of the heat-sealed type, in which the conditioning unit has: 1) an active pressure control system corresponding to at least one heating stage, which provides for balancing of the pressure within the heat-sealed vessels or containers; and 2) a conveyor which conveys the heat-sealed vessels or containers through the stages along the conditioning unit which contains mechanisms that move the conveyor outside of the conditioning tunnel, and 3) doors operating like check valves that separate the stages of the conditioning unit; and 4) a cross section of the tunnel of the polygonal type; and 5) the conditioning unit including inlets for introduction of washing liquids with a corresponding discharge outlet. Preferably, the magnetrons are covered to protect each magnetron from liquids.

Abstract: Residual impurity reduction methods and apparatus are provided. A method comprises conducting a gaseous stream through an unlined portion of a pipe, wherein the gaseous stream comprises sodium and wherein the unlined portion of the pipe is at least about eighteen inches long, injecting a neutralizing agent into the gaseous stream at an injection point, wherein the injection point is located at a point where the sodium is in at least a partially condensed state. The gaseous stream is conducted through a heated portion of a pipe and a cooled portion of a pipe. In addition, methods and apparatus may include a trap system for use with a carbonization furnace.

Abstract: A system for reducing biological and/or chemical contaminants within a feed fluid stream includes in one embodiment at least one recuperator having a cold pass and a hot pass, wherein a contaminated fluid stream is introduced into the cold pass of the recuperator; optionally heating the feed fluid stream using a heater; and introducing the feed fluid stream into a compressor, and compressing the fluid stream to an elevated pressure, resulting in heating of the fluid stream to an elevated temperature, thereby producing a decontaminated fluid stream.

Abstract: A sterilisation process comprising the heating of liquid by waves of electric field having a frequency greater than 1 MHz, at a speed greater than 28° C. per second, to a treatment temperature T between 20° C. and 66° C., and according to the value of the treatment temperature T, exposure of the liquid to an alternating electric field in pulses immediately or slightly after heating of the liquid.

Abstract: A unit for sterilizing and depyrogenating containers of the type including a conveying device suitable for receiving a plurality of containers through at least an inlet and supplying the containers in a set direction to a corresponding outlet of the unit. The unit has a sterilizing/depyrogenating unit defined by at least two sterilizing modules arranged consecutively in said direction and communicating through an intermediate passage and affected by the conveying device. The sterilizing modules are activatable independently of one another according to alternative operating modes for hot and/or cooling sterilizing the containers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for processing diatomaceous earth ore comprising roasting a diatomite feed at a temperature ranging from about 850 to about 1600° F. Also disclosed herein is a method for processing a diatomite feed comprising at least one impurity to produce a diatomite product having at least one of reduced loss-on-ignition, reduced impurity content, reduced beer soluble iron content, and improved brightness as compared to the feed composition. Further disclosed herein is a system for processing a diatomite feed comprising a first heating zone for roasting the diatomite at a temperature ranging from about 850 to about 1600° F., a second zone for calcining the diatomite at a temperature of at least about 1600° F., and a counter-current flow of gas from the second heating zone to the first heating zone.

Abstract: A child care storage having a steam sterilizing apparatus, wherein the steam sterilizing apparatus includes an outer tub defined by walls of a steam sterilizing compartment; a hollow upstanding coupling member installed on the center bottom of the outer tub and having an interlocking hole formed at its top; an inner tub inserted inside the outer tub for accommodating infant accessories therein, the inner tub having a reception hole formed at its bottom center and a latch part formed along the circumference of its bottom center; an evaporation vessel having a flange along its circumference, the flange being coupled to the latch part of the inner tub; a flat-type heater installed under a rear bottom surface of the evaporation vessel; and a supporting plate for placing the flat-type heater thereon.

Abstract: Methods and systems for continuous multistage processing of particulate solids that can control the distribution of residence times of processed particles. One disclosed method includes admitting fluidizing gas into transfer tunnels between fluidized bed vessel stages, using gas inlets located in or outputting directly into the transfer tunnel to promote flow of the fluidized solids through the transfer tunnel. A common gas distributor plate can supply gas to the stage vessels and to any transfer tunnels having gas inlets. The distributor plate can be separable from the system or openable to provide access for removal of obstructions and for maintenance. A common base plate can incorporate lower portions of the stage vessels and the sides and roofs of the transfer tunnels, the bottoms of the vessels and tunnels optionally being provided by the gas distributor plate. Some multistage systems and processing methods have from 15 to 200 or more stages.

Abstract: There is provided a method for manufacturing a beverage contained in a container comprising: a container sterilizing process for sterilizing at least an inner surface of a container; a beverage sterilizing process for sterilizing a beverage; a filling process for filling the sterilized beverage in the sterilized container at a temperature within a range from 1° C. to 40° C.; a sealing process for sealing the container filled with the beverage with a sterilized cap; and a positive container-internal-pressure maintaining process made before sealing of the container for maintaining a positive internal pressure of the container after sealing, the container sterilizing process, filling process, positive container-internal-pressure maintaining process and sealing process being respectively performed in an aseptic space. There is also provided an apparatus for carrying out this method.

Abstract: Bio-waste sterilizers are described. In one implementation an exemplary system has waste transport vessels that can be intermittently heated and pressurized, for example, with steam, and are interconnected to provide multiple sterilization pathways for waste as the waste is transported. Selected sterilization pathways may depend on attributes of the waste. Sterilization factors, such as mechanical shredding, application of steam, application of pressure, maintenance of temperature, separation of liquid, etc., are integrated into the waste transport features of the system, which can be made compact to save space while processing relatively large bulk amounts of materials, such as medical wastes. The system maintains safe isolation of bio-hazardous components in the waste from the external environment. A system controller provides parameters management, smart sterilization cycle control, quality assurance, safety management, diagnostics, and reporting over a network.

Abstract: A facility for manufacturing, assembling, and filling a fluid dispenser device comprising a fluid reservoir (10) and a dispensing member (20), such as a pump or a valve, said facility being characterized in that it comprises a manufacturing unit for manufacturing a reservoir, a filling unit for filling said reservoir, and a fixing unit for fixing said dispensing member to said reservoir, said units operating continuously in a controlled atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for reducing biological and/or chemical contaminants within a feed fluid stream includes in one embodiment the following steps: a) introducing the fluid stream into a cold pass of at least one recuperator; b) optionally heating the feed fluid stream using a heater; and c) introducing the feed fluid stream into a compressor, and compressing the fluid stream to an elevated pressure, resulting in heating of the fluid stream to an elevated temperature, thereby producing a decontaminated fluid stream.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for treating sulfur at an elevated pressure. Embodiments of the apparatus comprises a vessel into which the sulfur is injected and a device for alleviating the pressure of the sulfur.

Abstract: A unit for sterilising and depyrogenating containers of the type comprising conveying means suitable for receiving a plurality of said containers through at least an inlet and supplying the containers in a set direction to a corresponding outlet of the unit; the unit has a sterilising/dyrogenating unit defined by at least two sterilising modules arranged consecutively in said direction and communicating through an intermediate passage and communicating through an intermediate passage and affected by said conveying means; said sterilising modules are activatable independently of one another according to alternative hot sterilising and/or cooling operating modes of the containers.

Abstract: A sterilizing tunnel for pharmaceutical containers has an entry zone, a heating zone, and two cooling zones. The individual zones contain ventilating fan units that generate air currents, which serve to heat and cool the containers that a transport apparatus conveys through the sterilizing tunnel. The heating and cooling units, which operate using the principle of heated and cooled air flow, is supplemented with radiant heat-generating unit. The sterilizing tunnel makes it possible to achieve a uniform heating and cooling of the containers, preventing stress cracks in the containers and permitting intentional heating that makes it possible, for example, for the containers to be coated with a substance.

Abstract: A hydrogen generator of the present invention is provided with: a reformer for generating a reformed gas containing hydrogen from a feed material containing an organic compound at least containing carbon and hydrogen and water; a heater for heating the reformer to a temperature required for generating the reformed gas; a carbon monoxide reducing unit having a carbon monoxide reducing catalyst for reducing carbon monoxide contained in the reformed gas generated in the reformer; and a temperature detector for detecting at least one of a temperature of the reformed gas in the carbon monoxide reducing unit and a temperature of the carbon monoxide reducing catalyst, wherein an amount of the feed material to be supplied to the reformer is controlled based on a comparison between a detected temperature detected by the temperature detector and a reference temperature set in accordance with the amount of the feed material.

Abstract: A device (100) for heat-treating water is provided, comprising a confined heating zone, a passage way (15) for transporting the water to said confined heating zone (23) so as to facilitate heating of the water, a controller (27) for preventing the heated water from leaving the device (100) until pathogens entrained in the heated water are killed; and an antimicrobial substrate (20) for preventing pathogens entrained in unheated water from leaving the device (100).

Abstract: Aerobic and anaerobic contamination is removed from a slurry by a sterilizing process and apparatus (10). A slurry piping circuit (26, 28, 30, 32, 34) interconnects a supply tank (12), three serial heat exchangers (16, 18, 20) and a storage tank (14). The circuit and storage tank are sanitized by flushing with mist of hydrogen peroxide (44) and nitrogen (50). One heat exchanger (16) transfers heat from the sterilized slurry to the unsterilized slurry. A closed hot water piping circuit (60, 62, 64) interconnects a hot water boiler (22) and the other two heat exchangers (18, 20). The slurry is sterilized in an insulated manifold (24) interconnecting the other two heat exchangers (18, 20). Slurry is pumped through the piping and heated by hot water in the manifold to kill the bacteria, and is covered by a layer of nitrogen (54) in the storage tank (14).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a sterile medical solution is disclosed. The method includes providing at least two components, a first component including bicarbonate ions and a second component including glucose or calcium ions, preheating the first component to a first temperature and the second component to a second temperature, heat sterilizing the first and second components separately to a third and fourth temperatures respectively, the third and fourth temperatures being sterilizing temperatures for the first and second components, maintaining the first and second components approximately at their respective third and fourth temperatures, so as to sterilize the first and second components, cooling the first and second components and delivering the first and second components to a mixing device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus (1) for treating contaminated materials in which the materials are fed by an input unit (2, 3, 4) to a conveyor system (9) extending through a treatment chamber (6) where they are heated, treated and discharged via a discharge element (12). A liquid reservoir (16) is created in a first treatment area of the treatment chamber (6) by inclining the treatment chamber. The first area is also heated to a temperature below the boiling point of water, and a second area extending from th first treatment area to the top end of the treatment chamber (6) is at least partially heated to a temperature above the boiling point of water. This enables the contaminated material to be treated and compacted in a simpler, more reliable manner and in a (quasi-) continuous flow through several treatment areas.

Abstract: A method of sterilizing a pharmaceutical composition containing a suspension of a pharmaceutical comprises rapidly heating the pharmaceutical composition from ambient temperature to an elevated temperature, maintaining it at or above the elevated temperature for a period of time, and rapidly cooling the pharmaceutical composition to ambient temperature.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for sterilizing heat sensitive fluids are provided. The methods include providing a first heat sensitive fluid component, providing a second fluid component, heating the second fluid component to a temperature greater than a predetermined sterilizing temperature, mixing the first heat sensitive fluid component with the heated second fluid component to heat the first heat sensitive fluid components and provide a mixed fluid at a temperature at least up to the predetermined sterilizing temperature, and maintaining the mixed fluid at that temperature for a predetermined sterilizing period. Apparatus for carrying out this method is also provided.

Abstract: A mobile self-contained apparatus and process for grinding, grating, macerating, chemically disinfecting, and drying infectious waste material. A trailer (10) contains a hopper (27), a grinder/grater (28), an enclosed conveyor system, drying and filter apparatus, and sources of power, chemical disinfectant, and fresh water. Bagged infectious waste material in a cart is lifted and dumped into the hopper, sprayed with a sodium hypochlorite disinfectant solution, fed to the grinder/grater, ground, grated, and macerated into small particles of confetti-like material, sprayed again, immersed in the disinfectant solution, conveyed by an upwardly inclined screw conveyor (34) and thoroughly mixed therein, dried, passed into a vertical screw conveyor (47), and passed to a discharge screw conveyor (50) which discharges the dry confetti-like material.

Abstract: Tunnel is provided for conditioning of food products, especially for sterilization of food in containers or vessels of the heat-sealed type, in which the conditioning unit has: 1) an active pressure control system corresponding to at least one heating stage, which provides for balancing of the pressure within the heat-sealed vessels or containers; and 2) a conveyor which conveys the heat-sealed vessels or containers through the stages along the conditioning unit which contains mechanisms that move the conveyor outside of the conditioning tunnel, and 3) doors operating like check valves that separate the stages of the conditioning unit; and 4) a cross section of the tunnel of the polygonal type; and 5) the conditioning unit including inlets for introduction of washing liquids with a corresponding discharge outlet. Preferably, the magnetrons are covered to protect each magnetron from liquids.

Abstract: A sterilizing tunnel (10; 10a) for pharmaceutical containers (1) has an entry zone (11), a heating zone (12), and two cooling zones (13, 14). The individual zones contain ventilating fan units (22, 23, 24) that generate air currents, which serve to heat and cool the containers (1) that a transport apparatus (17) conveys through the sterilizing tunnel (10; 10a). The invention proposes that the heating and cooling units, which operate using the principle of heated and cooled air flows, be supplemented with radiant heat-generating heating units (35, 36, 37, 40). The sterilizing tunnel (10; 10a) according to the invention makes it possible to achieve a uniform heating and cooling of the containers (1), preventing stress cracks in the containers (1) and permitting intentional heating that makes it possible, for example, for the containers (1) to be coated with a substance.

Abstract: A method of forming a film on a substrate using one or more complexes containing one or more chelating O- and/or N-donor ligands. The complexes and methods are particularly suitable for the preparation of semiconductor structures using chemical vapor deposition techniques and systems.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for reducing the degradation of heat sensitive components contained in a medical substance during heat sterilization of a heat sterilizable container including a first chamber including a first amount of a first medical substance and a second chamber including a second amount of a second medical substance, the first amount being greater than the second amount. The method includes heating the heat sterilizable container to a first predetermined temperature for sterilizing the first and second medical substances, thermally insulating the second chamber during at least a portion of the heating of the heat sterilizable container to the first predetermined temperature, holding the heat sterilizable container at the first predetermined temperature for a first predetermined time period, and cooling the heat sterilizable container thereafter.

Abstract: The present specification discloses a hydrogen generator for generating a hydrogen gas, comprising at least a fuel supply part for supplying a hydrocarbon type fuel, a fuel combustion part, a water supply part, a gas, mixing part for mixing the fuel and a water, and a reforming part filled with the reforming catalyst, wherein at least one of the gas mixing part and the reforming part is heated by an exhaust gas generated in the combustion part. The hydrogen generator according to the present invention aims to improve the heat efficiency, reducing the heat loss from the apparatus with a simple constitution and collecting the waste heat for an effective use thereof.

Abstract: Methods and apparati have been developed for producing a suspension of predominately amorphous polymer particles, wherein the method includes thermally treating a suspension that includes crystalline or semi-crystalline polymer particles. The thermal treatment includes (a) heating a suspension of polymer particles of an appropriate size to a temperature effective to cause the polymer to become amorphous, and then (b) cooling the suspension of amorphous polymer particles below the melting point of the polymer at a rate effective to prevent substantial coalescence of the polymer particles. The method and apparati are effective for use with a variety of polymers having suitable crystallization parameters, although polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers are preferred, particularly in an aqueous suspension medium. For PHA polymers, the polymer particles subjected to treatment preferably are of a size of less than 5 &mgr;m, or more preferably less than 1.5 &mgr;m in diameter.

Abstract: A device for preparing a sterile liquid includes structure for validating a sterilization treatment applied to the liquid. The validating structure includes structure for calculating, from at least one operating parameter of the device, a parameter representing a sterilizing value for the sterilization treatment, and structure for comparing the calculated parameter to a threshold value corresponding to the sterility of the liquid.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a batch sterilization system, a controller for use in the batch sterilization system, and a method performed by the controller. The system, controller, and method are used to administer and provide on-line correction of a batch sterilization process performed on a batch of containers. The controller compiles an actual retort time-temperature profile during the batch sterilization process from the actual retort temperatures sensed by a sensor. While this is occurring, the controller controls a batch sterilizer so as to administer an initial portion of the batch sterilization process before a temperature deviation has begun according to a scheduled time-temperature profile. This temperature deviation is between the actual retort time-temperature profile and the scheduled processing time-temperature profile.