Abstract: An automated solution maker is provided. The automated solution maker mixes a chemical with a solvent to a desired concentration. The concentration of the solution is monitored by measuring the conductivity of the solution. Based upon this measurement, the concentration of the solution may be adjusted.

Abstract: An automated solution maker is provided. The automated solution maker mixes a chemical with a solvent to a desired concentration. The concentration of the solution is monitored by measuring the conductivity of the solution. Based upon this measurement, the concentration of the solution may be adjusted.

Abstract: An automated solution maker is provided. The automated solution maker mixes a chemical with a solvent to a desired concentration. The concentration of the solution is monitored by measuring the conductivity of the solution. Based upon this measurement, the concentration of the solution may be adjusted.

Abstract: A water chlorinating device having a vessel (2) in turn having a bottom portion (6) for containing water; a grille (10) located over the bottom portion and for supporting a solid chemical chlorinating substance (11); a spray device (13) for directing at least one water jet on to the grille (10); and a mixing nozzle (29) located inside the bottom portion (6), at the bottom of the vessel (2), and for agitating the water in the bottom portion (6) by means of a water jet.

Abstract: Disclosed are apparatus for delivery of a gas, e.g., carbon dioxide and/or chlorine dioxide, and methods of its use and manufacture. The apparatus includes a sachet constructed in part with a hydrophobic material. The sachet contains one or more reactants that generate a gas in the presence of an initiating agent, e.g., water. The apparatus can also include a barrier layer and/or a rigid frame. In another embodiment, the apparatus is combined with a reservoir that can be used to deliver a gas to the reservoir and, optionally, a conduit. In another embodiment, the apparatus is incorporated into a fluid dispersion system that includes a dispersion apparatus, e.g., a humidifier.

Abstract: An automated solution maker is provided. The automated solution maker mixes a chemical with a solvent to a desired concentration. The concentration of the solution is monitored by measuring the conductivity of the solution. Based upon this measurement, the concentration of the solution may be adjusted.

Abstract: A brine tank provides a supply of brine to a commercial water softening system that is located remotely from the brine tank. Fresh water is delivered into the brine tank through a central header pipe from which a plurality of perforated risers extends laterally to both sides of the central header pipe. The perforated risers are located beneath the inlet opening for the delivery of loose salt, yet spaced from the brine pump so that a uniform salt concentration will be attained in the brine before being pumped to the water softener. The inlet opening for the delivery of loose salt is provided with a double leaf hatch cover to provide a receiving opening that is larger than the inlet opening into the brine tank so that loose salt can be funneled into the brine tank without significant spillage on the ground.

Abstract: The invention provides a device for use in a cartridge for on-line preparation of a solution for a medical procedure. The device comprises a hollow body, the body having a first end and a second end and is provided with through holes in its wall. The second end is closed, while the first end is open and adapted for receiving fluid introduced into the cartridge. The fluid leaves the device through said holes. Furthermore, the invention relates to a cartridge provided with such a device, a method of manufacturing such a cartridge and the use of a charge of concentrate in such a cartridge.

Abstract: An improved brine maker includes a hopper having open upper and lower ends, a solids screen, and a receiving tank having an open upper end and closed lower end. The solids screen and receiving tank are pivotally secured to the hopper adjacent its lower end. The receiving tank and solids screen pivot freely and independently of the hopper to provide quick and easy access for cleaning and maintenance. Rotatable spray bars are positioned within the hopper to direct the dissolving fluid at the soluble material within the hopper. Spray holes having varying diameters and spaced relation to one another customize the fluid spray pattern for greater efficiency. A hydraulic assembly assists the operator throughout the cleaning and maintenance operations of the brine maker to reduce the time and manpower required.

Abstract: A water treatment system for removing hard ions from source water. The water treatment system is of the type that includes a pair of ion-exchange water softener tanks connectable to a source of pressurized water and with a water system to supply softened water to the water system, the tanks each being capable of regeneration by flushing with a regeneration solution to replenish depleted ions. A process for preventing system failure due to salt crystallization includes flowing water during brine replenishment from a second nozzle and a first nozzle at a defined ratio. The first nozzle diluted the brine in a reservoir after regeneration cycle is complete. The second nozzle replenishes brine by flowing water directly onto a salt material.

Abstract: A salt platform (700) is disclosed which incorporates a series of hubs (702), radial braces(704) and curved braces(706) which are snap fit together by use of mating locking members(734) and locking slots (716). The curved braces (706) can be formed with pipe holders to support pipe section(710,712) and pipe elbows (714). A stub spoke(750) can be used if desired.

Abstract: Method for making salt brine of a desired concentration wherein tap water and recycle dilute brine is passed from a sump tank located indoors into a mixing tank located outdoors. A dilute brine flow from the mixing tank is passed into the sump tank. The concentration of the brine in the sump tank is monitored with a floatable container filled with desired concentration brine. As soon as the container floats in the brine in the sump tank, the brine in the mixing tank is passed into a brine storage tank located outdoors. The salt brine manufacturing system for implementing the method also is disclosed.

Abstract: A salt platform (780) is disclosed for use in a fiberglass tank (800) or other vessel with a curved transition portion (802) between a flat bottom (804) and the side wall (806) of the tank. Salt platform (780) incorporates a series of hubs (702), stub spokes (750) and pipe sections (710, 712) which are snap fit together by use of mating locking members (734) and locking slots (716). The top hubs (702) have a radially directed stub spoke (750) mounted thereon and the free end of the stub spoke (750) receives a pipe section (782) which extends against or near the side wall (806) to support the edges of the salt grid. The salt platform (780) also has extra outer circumferential braces (786) which assist in supporting the edges of the salt grid.

Abstract: A portable brining apparatus in which salt beds can be fully utilized between charges while simultaneously producing saturated brine in bulk is claimed. The apparatus comprises at least two salt dissolving tanks, each tank being generally cylindrical in shape and having a conical bottom in which a perforated exit pipe extends upwardly along the centerline thereof. Surrounding the exit pipe is a gravel bed which rests on the conical bottom and serves as a filter. Each tank in the apparatus is initially charged with a bed of salt placed atop the gravel. Valving allows one to maximize salt uptake in flows of water going into and out of the two tanks. When fully charged, the tanks are utilized in a parallel flow mode: water is introduced through spray nozzles placed near the top of each tank and then flows downwardly, in succession, through its salt bed, gravel filter and finally perforated exit pipe. The flows discharged from both tanks are combined in the final effluent.

Abstract: A salt grid for supporting salt above a portion of a concentrated brine solution in a brine tank for use in a water softening system. The grid comprises first and second platforms disposed at first and second elevational levels with respect to the vertical wall of the brine tank. The fluid level in the brine tank can be adjusted to be higher than the lower platform of the salt grid but lower than the upper platform of the salt grid. In this manner, salt dissolves only above the lower platform part of the grid and consequently, the dirt included in the salt only passes through the lower platform of the grid. The brine well which transports brine solution from the brine tank to the resin tank is located away from the localized area in which the dirt collects at the bottom of the brine tank.

Abstract: A water softening system includes a resin tank which has an open drain during a regeneration cycle, and a pressurized brining system communicating with the resin tank. The brining system includes a closed brine reservoir with an outlet communicating with the resin tank and an inlet adapted to be coupled to a pressurized source of water, a salt reservoir at atmospheric pressure, and a semi-permeable membrane in communication with and forming a partition between the reservoirs and allowing free movement of salt ions therethrough while substantially inhibiting flow of water therethrough to form brine in the brine reservoir, which brine is then urged through the brine outlet and into the resin tank by the water pressure in the brine reservoir.

Abstract: A potassium chloride mixture with grains of different sizes is extracted in a first stage with an unsaturated solution at an elevated temperature, whereby the finest grains are completely dissolved and the coarse proportions are caused to start dissolution, the purified medium fraction is transported into a second process stage and the previously dissolved amount of KCl is crystallized there onto the purified grains at a lower temperature, forming a product of high purity with a balanced grain size and a narrow grain spectrum.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of preparing brine by dissolving salt in water, the salt containing sodium chloride but also calcium sulfate and/or other soluble impurities with a slower dissolution rate than sodium chloride, wherein the salt is supplied to a vessel including a grid for supporting a salt bed, water is supplied and flows through and wets at least a portion of the salt bed before it flows through the grid, whereby small solid particles form and pass through the grid whereafter they are separated from the solution, said small particles containing essentially no sodium chloride.The invention further concerns a device for making brine by dissolving salt in water, which device comprises a vessel containing a grid support, means for supplying solid salt, means for supplying water, means for the outflow of brine, and means for removing undissolved salt particles at the bottom of the vessel.

Abstract: A structure and a method of producing such structure which includes a fiber reinforced composite article in which the surface of the article will generate a visible indication thereon upon impact of the surface by another object. The method comprises laying up multiple layers of a first material into the shape of the desired composite article. A relatively thin layer of a second filamentary material is then layed up on and bonded to the surface of the base structure formed by the layers of the first material. The second filamentary material forms a thin outer layer on the composite article, and upon impact of the outer layer with another object, the outer layer delaminates and forms a discoloration in the form of a whitened patch or spot in the immediate vicinity of the impact. The articles so produced can be visually inspected for damage, and only those articles showing a surface discoloration need be subjected to nondestructive testing.

Abstract: A method of producing a mixed electrolyte powder having an electrolyte ion composition suited for use in preparing a dialyzing fluid for perfusing artificial kidney systems for bicarbonate dialysis, which method comprises a step of pulverizing the whole or part of sodium chloride, which is one of the components of the above powder, in a micronizer to a microfine powder having a particle size of about 20-30 .mu.m and adding thereto 2-4 percent by weight of glacial acetic acid by spraying, whereby a microfine powder of sodium chloride acidified with acetic acid is obtained, a step of dissolving other components constituting the above mixed powder and, if any, the remaining portion of sodium chloride in warm water and spray-drying the solution using a spray nozzle or disk atomizer to a microfine powder having a particle size of about 20-100 .mu.m, and a step of mixing both the microfine powders obtained in the above steps together.

Abstract: A water-based drilling fluid preparation system having an enclosed mixing chamber, a salt barrel, and piping means for selectively directing fluids exiting the mixing chamber means through the salt supply and to and from a suction pit. The mixing chamber has a first inlet for supplying a first fluid, such as drilling muds, into the mixing chamber, a second inlet for supplying water into the mixing chamber, and a third inlet means for supplying a heated fluid into the mixing chamber, wherein the drilling fluids are mixed in a selectively heated environment.

Abstract: A degassing/brine tank, for use in a chlorine generator system for swimming pools, for providing a fresh saturated brine solution continuously to the electrolytic chlorine generator cells of the system and to minimize escape of chlorine gas circulating in the system. The tank, fabricated of synthetic plastic material, has a plurality of vertically separated chambers, including, at its lower end, coaxially arranged inner and outer brine pick-up chambers. The outer annular chamber, open at its lower end, communicates with a salt and water reservoir within which the tank is immersed and a filtered supply of the brine is received by the inner, lower chamber. A check valve coupled to this inner chamber controls the supply of the brine solution into a helical coil by which the saturated brine solution is furnished to the electrolytic chlorine cells.

Abstract: A cathodic protection anode may be provided with arrangements for continuously supplying a slightly conductive aqueous solution to the ground above the anode so that the body of earth within which the anode is located is both moist and conductive. Above each anode may be mounted a container which includes rock salt forming a saturated salt water solution, and mixing arrangements for combining the saturated salt solution and fresh water in the desired proportion to form the slightly conductive aqueous solution. A long capillary tube is employed to feed water in very small quantities to the saturated salt solution, and a much shorter capillary tube feeds greater quantities of water to the mixing device so that a metered flow of the saline solution is combined with much larger metered flow of fresh water. The fresh water inlet tube and the insulated conductor for powering the anode may be included within a single plastic conduit extending from a central location to the individual anode structures.

Abstract: An apparatus for dissolving polydisperse ores comprises a cylindrical housing made up of two coaxial cylinders mounted one above the other, the relation between the diameters and the heights thereof being respectively 1.4-1.6 and 0.5-1.5, which ensures separation of ore particles of a (-1.5 to 0.75) mm size class. A hopper is mounted coaxially with the housing. The apparatus also contains devices for feeding a liquid phase, one of which is located in the lower portion of the housing, and another device, located over the housing's upper cylinder, is provided with nozzles facing the inner surface of the hopper walls. A device for the reduction of horizontal intermixing is made in the form of vertical inserts.The apparatus is also provided with a device for removal of the solid undissolved component, containing conical traps.

Abstract: Core sandwich structure comprised of a lightweight core material in the form of a low density thermosetting resin matrix composition containing glass microballoons, particularly an epoxy resin containing glass microballoons, sandwiched between high strength fiber-thermosetting resin matrix outer sheets, particularly woven graphite-epoxy sheets. Employing epoxy resin as the preferred thermosetting resin, the epoxy core material is B-staged, placed between sheets of pre-preg woven graphite-epoxy material, and the assembly co-cured under pressure to form the core sandwich structure.

Abstract: An ion exchange liquid treatment apparatus including a tank having an upwardly dished bottom wall and a distributor of the type having a central header and a plurality of distributor conduits extending outwardly from this header. Each distributor conduit is formed of a first straight conduit section that extends generally radially outwardly from the header and a second straight conduit section that is connected to the first conduit section by a pipe elbow whereby the second conduit section can be positioned oblique to a plane through the longitudinal axis of the tank and at a shallow angle to a plane perpendicular to the tank axis to generally conform to the contour of the dished bottom wall of the tank. Each of the second distributor conduit sections preferably have lateral conduits extending transverse thereto to achieve generally uniform liquid flow throughout the cross-section of the tank.