Abstract: A processing system according to the present invention includes: a diffusion processing section 10 which heats a sintered R-T-B based magnet body 1 and an RH diffusion source 2 made of either a metal or alloy of a heavy rare-earth element RH (which is at least one of Dy and Tb) while rotating; a sorting section 20 which selectively sorts the RH diffusion source 2 from the sintered R-T-B based magnet body 1 when the diffusion source and the magnet body come from the diffusion processing section 10; and a heat treatment processing section 30 which conducts a heat treatment process on the sintered R-T-B based magnet body 1, in which the heavy rare-earth element RH has been diffused and from which the RH diffusion source 2 has been removed.

Abstract: A method for reducing mercury emission and/or re-emission in cleaned flue gas through control of sulfite concentration within a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system is disclosed. One method for reducing mercury emission and/or re-emission through control of sulfite concentration is to measure the sulfite concentration of an aqueous alkaline slurry used in a WFGD system and comparing the same to a predetermined sulfite concentration value. If the comparison reveals the measured sulfite concentration is above the predetermined values, the amount of oxidation air supplied to the system is increased. If the comparison reveals the measured sulfite concentration is below the predetermined values, the amount of oxidation air supplied to the system is decreased.

Abstract: A process is provided for stabilizing a sulfate and/or sulfide-rich waste material, comprising metal sulfide minerals, and sequestering CO2 comprises exposing the material to a CO2-enriched gas mixture, reacting the CO2-enriched gas mixture with the metal sulfide minerals and forming a CO2-depleted gas mixture and a carbon-containing compound and at least one product selected from the group consisting of a purified metal or a metal-rich compound suitable for smelting or refining, sulfuric acid, sulfur and sulfurous acid, and system and apparatus therefor.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing purified synthesis gas from synthesis gas comprising sulphur contaminants in the ppmv range, the process comprising the step of: (a) contacting the synthesis gas comprising sulphur contaminants with solid sorbent comprising a metal organic framework, thereby separating sulphur contaminants from the synthesis gas to obtain purified synthesis gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device, as well as the variants thereof, which operates continuously or discontinuously for the agglomeration and/or drying of powder materials using selective infrared irradiation on a surface which is continually supplied with renewed powder, with or without the spraying of liquids. The process can be performed in sealed conditions or open to the atmosphere, with or without the recovery of volatile components.

Abstract: A process for reclaiming spent selenium filter mass containing an inert material. The spent mass is treated with a hydrogen peroxide solution for leaching out selenium content from unspent active substance present in the filter mass to form selenious acid. The filter mass is treated with aqua regia solution to dissolve mercury selenide present in the mass. The aqua regia solution is separated from the mass and isolated. Suitably, the filter mass, which now contains inert carrier material, is transferred with the isolated selenious acid, to production of new selenium filter mass. After partial neutralization of the aqua regia solution, mercury is precipitated out for disposal. Before this, elemental selenium can be separated from the aqua regia solution by adjusting the pH level and used advantageously for production of new filter mass. Thusly, reclaimed selenium content and inert carrier material can be advantageously used for production of new selenium filters.

Abstract: Controlling the reductive capacity of an aqueous alkaline slurry (23) in a wet scrubber makes it possible to accurately control the mercury emission from the scrubber to a desired value. One method of controlling the reductive capacity of the slurry is to measure the reduction-oxidation potential (“redox potential”) of the aqueous alkaline slurry (23) and to add or remove substances that affect the redox potential and thus the reductive capacity of the slurry. In wet scrubbers in which limestone is used for absorption of acid gases and where a gypsum slurry is circulated, it has been found to be an attractive solution to control the amount of oxidation air blown into the scrubber in order to control the redox potential and thereby the mercury emissions.

Abstract: A method of creating a hybridized chip using a top active optical device combined with an electronic chip having electronic chip contacts, when at least some of the active device contacts are not aligned with at least some of the electronic chip contacts, each of the at least some active device contacts having an electrically corresponding electronic chip contact. The method involves creating sidewalls defining openings in the substrate, extending from the first side at the active device contacts to a bottom of the substrate opposite the first side, at points substantially coincident with the active device contacts; making the sidewalls electrically conductive; and connecting the points and the electronic chip contacts with an electrically conductive material. A hybridized chip has at least one top active optical device coupled to an electronic chip, the hybridized chip having been created using a described method.

Abstract: A sulfurous compound such as a sulfur-rich “float” (concentrate) obtained by flotation of the residue from the leaching of a zinc concentrate is heated at a temperature not lower than the melting point of sulfur but below its boiling point, preferably not higher than 200° C., more preferably not higher than 140° C., and the evolving gas containing sulfur vapor is cooled at a temperature less than the melting point of sulfur, preferably at ordinary temperature, to condense sulfur.

Abstract: A method of treating metal-contaminated spent foundry sand, or other industrial waste, by combining the sand with a sulfite to produce insoluble metal sulfur oxide complexes that do not leach from the sand. The treated waste may also be processed to reducing “clumping,” thereby rendering the treated waste appropriate for use in another industrial process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for treating a particulate material, in which particles of the material to be treated interact with non-static particles of a second material, the process comprising the steps of: (i) providing a processing chamber (1) having an inlet (7) and an outlet (10) spaced downstream therefrom, the base (15) of said chamber comprising a plurality of outwardly radiating inclined vanes (20, 25), (ii) providing a host bed of particles (30) which include inert particles, alumina, limestone and activated carbon in the chamber (1) and generating a flow of fluid through the vanes (20, 25) at the base (15) of the processing chamber such that the bed of host particles (30) circulates about an axis of the chamber in a compact band, (iii) injecting particles of the material to be treated including sulphide ore, kaolin, gypsum and talc through an inlet (5) of the chamber (1) to contact with the circulating bed of the host particles (30), wherein the relative terminal velocity of the partic

Abstract: A method of treating metal-contaminated spent foundry sand, or other industrial waste, by combining the sand with a sulfite to produce insoluble metal sulfur oxide complexes that do not leach from the sand. The treated waste may also be processed to reduce “clumping,” thereby rendering the treated waste appropriate for use in another industrial process.

Abstract: A process for recovery of zinc from sphalerite containing ores or concentrates, whereby, in a first step, these ores or concentrates are submitted to a thermal treatment consisting essentially of a heating cycle performed under non-oxidizing conditions above 900.degree. C. thereby at least partly transforming the sphalerite to wurtzite, and subsequently the wurtzite is quenched in such conditions as to retain at least partly the wurtzite after quenching. In a second step zinc is leached out of the converted ore or concentrate, and in a third step zinc is recovered from the leaching solution by electrolysis.

Abstract: A method of treating a mined material which includes a sulphide mineral and iron or a concentrate of the mined material to improve the recovery of a valuable metal from the sulphide mineral is disclosed. The method comprises: (i) oxidising the sulphide mineral in the presence of ferric ions to make the valuable metal in the sulphide mineral more accessible to extraction; and (ii) oxidising ferrous ions generated in step (i) or derived from iron in the mined material with a mixture of sulphur dioxide and oxygen to produce ferric ions for step (i).

Abstract: For reprocessing of jarosite-containing residues to provide usable products, the jarosite-containing residues and concentrates which contain zinc sulfide are stirred in dilute sulfuric acid, which contains 40 to 100 g/l free sulfuric acid, in an autoclave under an oxygen partial pressure of at least 1,000 kPa and at a temperature from 130.degree. to 170.degree. C., the iron contents and the zinc contents of the residue and of the concentrate which contains zinc sulfide are substantially dissolved, flashing is effected and is succeeded by a separation of solution and solids, the solution is fed to the leaching circuit of a plant for the electrolytic production of zinc with precipitation of iron as hematite, the elemental sulfur is separated from the solids and the hematite residue is supplied to a further utilization.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for treating smelter flue dust and other smelter by-products so as to recover non-ferrous metals therefrom and convert arsenic and sulfur in the flue dust into non-leachable compounds. The methods allow the flue dust and other smelter by-products such as smelter sludges to be disposed of in a natural environment without subsequent leaching of heavy metals, sulfur, and arsenic. The smelter by-products are mixed with hydrated lie, formed into agglomerates, and roasted at an optimal temperature of about 650.degree. C. to form oxidized arsenic and sulfur which react with the lime in the agglomerates to form non-leachable compounds. The roasted agglomerates are contacted with a basic lixiviant comprising dissolved ammonia and an ammonium salt to dissolve non-ferrous metals such as copper from the roasted agglomerates. Used lixiviant can be boiled to precipitate the non-ferrous metals dissolved therein and vaporize the ammonia, thereby regenerating the lixiviant.

Abstract: Iron-containing zinc sulfide concentrate is processed to recover zinc values therefrom. The concentrate is roasted to convert zinc sulfide and iron sulfide to their oxides while adequate sulfide-sulfur is retained to maintain the iron values in the ferrous state and thereby avoid ferrite formation. Zinc oxide and iron oxide values are recovered from the roast, simultaneously or sequentially, and residual zinc sulfide may be recycled to the roasting step.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of zinc from zinc-containing sulphidic material which also contains iron and from zinc oxide containing material, at least one of the materials containing lead and/or silver values. The process includes leaching zinc-containing sulphidic material and zinc oxide containing material under pressurized oxidizing conditions at a temperature in the range of from about 130.degree. to about 170.degree. C. in aqueous sulphuric acid solution with a stoichiometric excess of sulphuric acid relative to the zinc content of the materials of from about 40 to about 100% to produce a residue containing a major proportion of lead and/or silver values and a leach solution containing a major proportion of the zinc and iron. The residue is separated from the leach solution and treated to recover lead and/or silver values.

Abstract: A process is described for the controlled oxidation roasting of zinc bearing sulphidic ores and concentrates by adjusting the furnace temperature and residence time together with the oxygen availability to the sulphide retention requirements in the calcine. The obtained calcine is subsequently subjected to various physical and chemical process steps to separate the unreacted sulphides which are then dead roasted and treated for zinc recovery, according to one embodiment of the process. In another embodiment the separated, unreacted sulphides are returned to the controlled oxidation roasting step.The chemical separation process steps include sulphur dioxide leaching. In one embodiment zinc is preferentially dissolved as sulphite and the solution obtained is further treated for zinc recovery. In other embodiments sulphuric acid, or ammonical ammonium carbonate or similar leaching reagents are used for the preferential dissolution of the zinc oxide present in the calcine.

Abstract: A process comprises leaching zinc oxide either separately or in conjunction with iron oxides from a partially desulfurized zinc bearing sulfide ore of concentrate. The ore is pretreated to eliminate in a controlled manner sulfur-sulfur-sulfide in the ore yet leaving sufficient residual sulfur-sulfide in the material such that iron values are maintained substantially wholly in the ferrous state, while converting zinc sulfide to zinc oxide without formation of FeO-ZnO complexes. The partially desulfurized material may be selectively leached with a sulfuric acid containing solution under neutral leach conditions to dissolve thereby preferentially the zinc oxide over the iron oxide. Alternatively the material may be leached with a higher concentration of sulfuric acid containing solution to dissolve preferentially zinc oxide and iron oxide simultaneously. The leach liquor may be subsequently treated to electrolytically remove zinc.

Abstract: A method of regulating the amount of reducing agent added, especially NH.sub.3 in the case of the catalytic reduction of NO.sub.x of flue gases which originate from a combustion installation which is fired with fossil fuels. The adjustment value for the quantity to be added is determined in response to a prescribed reducing agent/NO.sub.x stoichiometry factor from the quantity of combustion air supplied to the combustion installation or from the exiting quantity of flue gas, and from the NO.sub.x concentration downstream ahead of the catalyzer. Regulation is effected by influencing the stoichiometry factor. The NO.sub.x concentration downstream after the catalyzer is returned to the regulation process as the primary correction value, and the reducing agent concentration downstream after the catalyzer, and the flue gas temperature ahead of the catalyzer, are returned to the regulation process as the secondary correction values.

Abstract: A process of extracting metals from a material containing at least 10% by weight of pyrite and selected from the group consisting of ores containing sulphide, concentrates of such ores and mixtures of such ores and/or concentrates by microbial leaching which comprises roasting the material before the microbial leaching to convert part of the pyrite to pyrrhotite and thus remove part of the sulphur which is present as pyrite without the formation of any significant amount of metal oxide, the conversion corresponding to removal of at least 10% but not more than 50% of the sulphur present in the pyrite, and only thereafter leaching the thus roasted ore by treatment with bacteria, to extract the metals. The process is characterized by its improved efficiency in metal extraction.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur from sulfide-bearing ores by reacting water vapor with the sulfide-bearing ore forming hydrogen sulfide while simultaneously regenerating water vapor by reacting the hydrogen sulfide with lime. Advantageously, the process occurs in the absence of a net consumption or production of gaseous species so that the process can be carried out in a closed system with respect to the gaseous species. Sulfide-bearing ores which can be treated using the process of this invention include sulfide-bearing ores of molybdenum, zinc, iron, mercury, and copper. Advantageously, the molybdenum oxide so produced from the sulfide-bearing ore of molybdenum can be reacted further with lime and water producing calcium molybdate and hydrogen. The chalcopyrite form of the sulfide-bearing ore of copper produces bornite and magnetite.

Abstract: This invention relates to method and apparatus for treating a sulfur containing material having at least one principal sulfide either in the form of a sulfide or in a form that is transformable into a sulfide and at least one auxiliary sulfide more volatile than the principal sulfide or transformable into another sulfide more volatile than the principal sulfide, wherein the sulfurous material is heated in one furnace zone, having a non-oxidizing atmosphere in the gas phase, to a temperature between that required for volatilization of the principal sulfide and that required for volatilization of the auxiliary sulfide to volatilize the auxiliary sulfide and labile sulfur, without volatilizing or substantially oxidizing the principal sulfide; and heating the sulfurous material in another furnace zone, having an oxidizing atmosphere in the gas phase, to a temperature lower than that required for substantial oxidization of the principal sulfide, to oxidize the volatilized labile sulfur and auxiliary sulfide, witho

Abstract: The process of the invention is for the separate recovery of elemental sulfur and residual sulfides and metal salt solution from reaction slurries obtained from leaching of metal sulfides in ores and concentrates.