Abstract: Processes for producing beryllium fluoride salt systems containing beryllium fluoride, such as lithium beryllium fluoride salts, are disclosed herein. The processes include mixing ammonium beryllium fluoride with a lithium compound, melting the mixture to form a molten phase, purging the molten phase, and cooling the molten phase. This reduces the number of manufacturing steps needed to obtain the beryllium fluoride containing salt.

Abstract: Processes for producing beryllium fluoride salt systems containing beryllium fluoride, such as lithium beryllium fluoride salts, are disclosed herein. The processes include mixing ammonium beryllium fluoride with a lithium compound, melting the mixture to form a molten phase, purging the molten phase, and cooling the molten phase. This reduces the number of manufacturing steps needed to obtain the beryllium fluoride containing salt.

Abstract: Diallcoxysilane and monoalkoxysilane functionalized polymers were applied as scale control agents in Bayer process. The polymer inhibitors reduced the quantity of aluminum silicate scale formed in spent liquor while significantly changed the morphology of the scale. Also a method is provided for reducing aluminum silicate scale of Bayer process by adding the dialkoxysilane and monoalkoxysilane functionalized polymer into the Bayer liquor stream.

Abstract: Dialkoxysilane and Monoalkoxysilane functionalized polymers were applied as scale control agents in Bayer process. The polymer inhibitors reduced the quantity of aluminum silicate scale formed in spent liquor while significantly changed the morphology of the scale. Also a method is provided for reducing aluminum silicate scale of Bayer process by adding the dialkoxysilane and monoalkoxysilane functionalized polymer into the Bayer liquor stream.

Abstract: A method of recovering titanium dioxide from a raw material additionally containing aluminium includes the steps of grinding the titanium dioxide raw material, reacting the particulate raw feed material with sulphuric acid under specified conditions, digesting and filtering the resultant cake material containing titanyl sulphate, if present, treating the solution to remove calcium and/or iron, precipitating out the aluminium as aluminium ammonium sulphate, hydrolysing the remaining titanyl sulphate solution and, after washing the hydrolysate, calcining the hydrolysate to produce titanium dioxide.

Abstract: A process which allows the conversion of clay minerals of the kalonite group, to a relatively pure form of alumina and silica respectively comprising the steps of (a) heating the kaolinite group minerals to greater than 500.degree. C., which causes dehydroxylation of the crystallographic lattice and formation of an intermediate meta-kaolin; (b) reacting the intermediate with only one of a selection of reagents including acids, alkalines or metalliferous compounds followed by heating of the mixture to form an aluminium salt in solution and residue of silica; (c) separation of the aluminium salt solution from the residue of silica by filtration and further treatment of the silica residue to produce a relatively pure form of fine particled silica; (d) formation of an alum by addition of ammonium sulphate in solution to the aluminium salt solution and further treatment of the alum to produce a relatively pure form of aluminium hydroxide.

Abstract: A process for recovering valuable metals from a waste catalyst based on an alumina carrier includes (a) roasting the waste catalyst at a temperature range of 400.degree. to 1,000.degree. C. to obtain a roasted product; (b) preparing a reduction dissolution by dissolving the roasted product with sulfuric acid in the presence of a metal as a dissolution catalyst; (c) separating a large part of the aluminum from the reduction dissolution solution and recovering aluminum as ammonium aluminum sulfate from the solution, optionally after subjecting the reduction dissolution solution to a treatment of removing iron; (d) extracting molybdenum as a molybdate by solvent extraction from the solution after separating and recovering aluminum from the solution; (e) extracting vanadium as a vanadate by solvent extraction from the solution obtained as a residue after extracting molybdenum; and (f) recovering nickel and cobalt each as a hydroxide from the extraction residue after recovering vanadium.

Abstract: The present invention provides aqueous processes which create new chemical compositions of matter prepared by reacting, in the presence of aqueous ammonia or other source of reactive NH.sub.2 groups, an alkali metal hydroxide to raise pH above 12, and further reacting with the addition of a mineral acid. The reactants are added as quickly as possible to obtain a highly exothermic reaction which, when reacted in the described manner will then contain ammonia in solution and form new polymeric water complexes. The mineral acid can be selected from, a phosphorus species, or a halogen species, or a nitrogen species, or a sulfur species, or a carbon species, or a combination of these acid species.

Abstract: Gallium is purified by washing organic solutions containing hydroxamic acid complexes of gallium with aqueous solutions, individually or in series, especially amine or ammonia solutions, and dilute acid solutions. The method is applicable to a variety of gallium sources, and capable of producing gallium of extremely high purity, especially with a repetitive procedure.

Abstract: The invention is drawn to a continuous process for the recovery of alumina from ores by mixing with an alkali bisulfate, calcining below 450.degree. C. to form the corresponding double salt, washing with water, and separating the insoluble residue from the solubilized aluminum, precipitating impure aluminum, resolubilizing aluminum with sodium hydroxide to form soluble sodium aluminate and separating it from the insoluble impurities, treating the resulting solution to form aluminum precipitate, separating the aluminum and calcining it to form alumina.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing mineral matter from Rundle oil-shale by contacting the oil-shale with (a) an ammonium salt solution and (b) an organic solvent, at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. for a time which is sufficient to substantially separate at least about 80 wt. % of the carbonate mineral matter from the oil-shale.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for beneficiating oil-shale wherein the oil-shale is treated in a first stage with an aqueous ammonium salt solution and in a second stage and optionally a third stage in the presence of a solution containing ammonium ions/ammonia, or both. The pH of the first stage is from about 5 to 9, and the pH of the second and third stages are from about 0.5 to 5 or about 9 to 12 with the proviso that the pH of the second and third stage is not in the same range.

Abstract: Particulate alumina-base catalysts are treated to recycle the alumina by a two-step process: the first step involving conversion of the alumina to aluminum sulfate by reaction with gaseous sulfur trioxide, and the second step involving conversion of the aluminum sulfate to an aluminum hydroxide compound by reaction with an aqueous hydroxide. Both reactions are topochemical, and the aluminum hydroxide compound is prepared in particulate form.

Abstract: In a process for the production of alumina from aluminous raw material, an ammonoalunite intermediate is formed. The raw material is preferably a clay which is leached with sulfuric acid to form an aluminous solution which is separated from the solid materials. After any required extraction of iron, such as by liquid ion exchange, the solution is subjected to elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of ammonium ions to form ammonoalunite which is recovered as a precipitate. The liquor is recycled to leach the clay, while the ammonoalunite is thermally decomposed to alumina. Gases liberated during decomposition are scrubbed with recycled liquor to form clay leach liquor. The alumina may be purified by washing with sulfuric acid to obtain a purity suitable for aluminum electrolysis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing mineral matter from oil-shale which method comprises contacting the oil-shale with (a) an ammonium salt solution, and (b) a nonionic surfactant at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. for a time which is sufficient to substantially separate at least about 80 wt. % of the carbonate mineral matter of the oil-shale.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing mineral matter from oil-shale by contacting the oil-shale with (a) an ammonium salt solution and (b) an organic solvent, at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. for a time which is sufficient to substantially separate at least about 80 wt. % of the carbonate mineral matter from the oil-shale.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for beneficiating oil-shale wherein the oil-shale is treated with an aqueous ammonium salt solution at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of valuable metals from roasted crude-oil sulfur-extraction catalyst waste is disclosed. In this process the value metals can be separated from aluminum in a single stage by treating the waste at elevated temperature and pressure with such an amount of sulfate solution that the waste dissolves and the aluminum simultaneously precipitates as alunite, which is separated from the solution which contains the other value metals. A sulfate solution is preferably added in such an amount that the concentration of sulfuric acid in the solution is 2-30 g/l at the end of the stage.

Abstract: A process is described whereby gadolinium and gallium containing by-products can be reprocessed to yield the oxides of these elements in sufficient purity to be re-used in the process for manufacturing Gd.sub.3 Ga.sub.5 O.sub.12 (GGG) single crystal boules thereby improving the economics of production of GGG wafers significantly. The gadolinium and gallium oxides are recovered and separated from transition metal impurities introduced during fabrication of GGG wafers by precipitating the gadolinium as oxalate which is thereafter pyrolyzed to gadolinium oxide and eluting the gallium containing filtrate over an ion exchange resin and precipitating therefrom as an oxalate the gallium present. The gallium precipitate is also pyrolyzed to the gallium oxide. The process can be extended to include purification and re-use of by-products generated in other grinding and polishing operations which may result in the recycling of the order of 80% of the generated by-products.

Abstract: A process for commercially producing sulfates useful in the water treatment and papermaking industries from by-product aluminum oxides is taught. The process comprises feeding the aluminum oxide by-product and weak process liquor into digester vessel to form a slurry which is then heated. Sulfuric acid and additional oxide feed is added into the slurry mixture allowing the reaction to go to completion. Specific variables such as temperature, pH, reactant concentrations, reaction times and process liquor recycle are controlled to substantially eliminate certain heavy metals in any form whatsoever from contaminating the final sulfate product.

Abstract: A method of producing an aluminum oxide and tungstate powder for insulating cathode heaters includes mixing a finely divided aluminum oxide powder with ammonium tungstate, rinsing out excess ammonium tungstate, drying the mixture and heating in a nitrogen-hydrogen atmosphere to about 700.degree.C.