Abstract: Condensable metal halide materials, such as but not limited to tungsten hexachloride and tungsten pentachloride can be used deposit films metal or metal containing films in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition process. Described herein are high purity tungsten hexachloride and tungsten pentachloride systems and methods to purify tungsten hexachloride and tungsten pentachloride raw materials. There is provided a purified tungsten hexachloride and tungsten pentachloride containing less than 10 ppm, preferably less than 5 ppm, more preferably less than 1 ppm, and most preferably less than 0.5 ppm of iron and/or molybdenum; and less than 10 ppm, preferably less than 5 ppm of all other trace metals combined including but not limited to aluminum, potassium and sodium.

Abstract: Pyrometallurgic process for obtaining lithium compounds and intermediates, the process being characterized by comprising the steps of a) contacting lithium aluminosilicate particles with at least a fluorine solid compound, b) heating until a temperature of 25 to 900° C. obtaining a solid mixture and c) carrying out at least a leaching process of the mixture in step b).

Abstract: One embodiment provides a cryogenic regenerator material containing as the main constituent at least one compound (A) containing at least one metallic element M and at least one non-metallic element X selected from O, S, N and F. The compound (A) in the cryogenic regenerator material has a half width of a main peak of 0.2 degrees or more obtained by the powder X-ray diffraction measurement.

Abstract: A method of chromite reduction using cryolite (Na3AlF6) as an additive. The cryolite used may be pure cryolite or an impure mixture containing cryolite, such as the bath material produced as waste or as a by-product of aluminum smelting processes. In one embodiment, the reduction product is re-melted at a higher temperature to form larger metallic particles. In another embodiment, the chromite ore is granulated with cryolite particles and carbon reductant particles before being reduced.

Abstract: A raw gas collection system (15) for collecting raw gas from a plurality of aluminum smelting pots (4) is equipped with a plurality of branch ducts (16, 16a-d). Each branch duct (16, 16a-d) is arranged to channel a respective branch flow (32, 32a-b) of raw gas from an aluminum smelting pot (4) to a collecting duct (20a), which is common to and shared by branch ducts (16, 16a-d). Several of the branch ducts (16, 16a-d) are equipped with a combined heat transfer and flow resistance generating element (17) to remove heat from the respective branch flow (32, 32a-b) of raw gas and to balance the flow of raw gas in the raw gas collecting system (15). The combined heat transfer and flow resistance generating elements (17) reduce the need for adjusting the respective branch duct (16, 16a-d) flow volumes using dampers, thereby reducing the power required to transport the raw gas through the system.

Abstract: The disclosure provides low-molecular-ratio cryolite for aluminum electrolytic industry, which consists of potassium cryolite and sodium cryolite with a mole ratio of 1:1˜1:3, wherein the molecular formula of the potassium cryolite is mKF.AlF3 and the molecular formula of the sodium cryolite is nNaF.AlF3, where m=1˜1.5 and n=1˜1.5. When the low-molecular-ratio cryolite provided by the disclosure is applied to the aluminum electrolytic industry, electrolytic temperature and power consumption can be reduced and electrolytic efficiency is improved.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an electrolyte supplement system in an aluminum electrolysis process, which includes low-molecular-ratio cryolite, wherein the low-molecular-ratio cryolite is selected from mKF.AlF3, nNaF.AlF3 or mixture thereof, where m=1˜1.5 and n=1˜1.5. When the electrolyte supplement system provided by the disclosure is applied to the aluminum electrolytic industry, electrolytic temperature can be reduced obviously in the aluminum electrolysis process without changing the existing electrolytic process; thus, power consumption is reduced, volatilization loss of fluoride is reduced and the comprehensive cost of production is reduced.

Abstract: As population density increases, the transportation of hazardous chemicals, including acids and disinfectants, lead to an increased incidence of spills while the consequences of spills become more serious. While solutions of halide acids, hypohalites and halites are safer disinfectants for transportation, handling, storage and use than traditional gaseous chlorine, the manufacturing cost of these disinfectants has here-to-fore limited their use. Economical processes are presented for the manufacture of O2, halogen oxides, halide acids, hypohalites, and halates; as well as polynucleate metal compounds, metal hydroxides and calcium sulfate hydrate (gypsum). The instant invention presents methods and processes that incorporate the use of sulfur. This is while environmental regulators, such as the US EPA, require an increased removal of sulfur from hydrocarbon fuels, thereby creating an abundance of sulfur, such that the refining industry is in need of a way to dispose of said abundance of sulfur.

Abstract: A process for recovering alumina values from a first liquor having an initial concentration of aluminate ions and hydroxyl ions in solution is described. The first liquor is treated with a hydroxide of a metal other than aluminium to form an aluminium-bearing layered double hydroxide and produce a treated stream of first liquor, the treated stream of first liquor having a final concentration of aluminate ions less than the initial concentration of aluminate ions. The aluminium-bearing layered double hydroxide is separated from the treated stream of first liquor. Thereafter the clarified treated stream of first liquor is returned to a first location within an alumina refinery. The separated aluminium-bearing layered double hydroxide is contacted with a solution containing carbonate ions to form a slurry comprising an insoluble salt of the metal other than aluminium and a second liquor comprising aluminate ions released from the aluminium-bearing layered double hydroxide.

Abstract: A method for the production of inorganic aluminum substances and amorphous silica from aluminum oxide containing ores, comprising: (a) leaching of said ores with fluorosilicic acid to obtain aluminum fluosilicate solution; (b) filtering said leached solution from insoluble materials; and (c) washing said insoluble materials.

Abstract: A top sheet and a bottom sheet are connected together by wing members, each having a center segment hinged to the top sheet and to the bottom sheet about parallel axes. Wings protrudes from the center segments and are biased to project out of a plane defined between the hinge axes. In a collapsed condition the top and bottom sheets are close together with the wings distorted from their relaxed positions. In the expanded condition the sheets are spaced apart and the wings return to their relaxed positions projecting out from the center segments and conferring stiffness on the structural member and resisting the return of the member to its collapsed configuration. In storage, the sheets are secured along the edges with an underlying rip cord, and may be rolled. The wings may be formed as part of metal or plastic spring members.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a process for the preparation of salt melts, and mixtures thereof, by means of a stirred reactor and a tubular reactor, in which the starting materials are melted and brought to reaction, and the reaction products are subsequently passed through columns or towers for purification.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of calcium compounds containing water of crystallization by means of a chemical reaction between an aqueous alkaline sodium aluminate solution and solid or dissolved or suspended calcium (hydr)-oxide in the presence of carbon dioxide or carbonate; and to the use of these compounds. The resulting precipitate is separated by sedimentation, dehydration, drying and/or clacination and/or grinding or suspending the resulting filter cake and reacted with at least one mineral acid and/or at least one salt of the same. The resulting precipitate, which contains water of crystallization, is separated by sedimentation, dehydration, drying and/or grinding.

Abstract: A flux which contains irreversibly dehydrated K2AlF5, for soldering light metal materials, in particular aluminum. The flux has the advantages of forming a very uniform flux coating on the workpiece or workpieces to be soldered and exhibiting outstanding flow of the solder. An appropriate soldering process, an aqueous flux suspension and preparation processes for the flux are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is described for removing dissolved silica from an alkaline solution containing sodium aluminate, e.g. a Bayer process solution. The process comprises contacting the alkaline solution with a slowly stirred bed of particles comprising coarse silica sand or a mixture of coarse silica sand and particles of sodalite, whereby the dissolved silica is precipitated out of solution to form a precipitation of desilication product dispersed in the solution and separating the desilication product solids from the alkaline solution to obtain a desilicated alkaline solution.

Abstract: A flux which contains irreversibly dehydrated K.sub.2 AlF.sub.5, for soldering light metal materials, in particular aluminum. The flux has the advantages of forming a very uniform flux coating on the workpiece or workpieces to be soldered and exhibiting outstanding flow of the solder. An appropriate soldering process, an aqueous flux suspension and preparation processes for the flux are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of potassium salts of complex aluminum fluorides which can be used in particular as a flux in particular for soldering lightweight metallic materials. In the method a potassium compound is added to aqueous fluoroaluminic acid, and potassium cryolite or a substance mixture which contains potassium cryolite is added to the resulting suspension. The resulting product is then dried and can be used as a flux for soldering lightweight metallic materials, especially aluminum.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating used aluminum chlorofluoride catalyst either alone or mixed with organics. It involves forming a solution of the catalyst in water or an aqueous acid and then adjusting the pH and/or composition of the aqueous phase formed to precipitate compounds containing the aluminum and/or fluorine.

Abstract: A process for hydrofluoric acid digestion of inorganic silica/alumina matrix material for the production of silicon tetrafluoride and aluminum fluoride comprises the initial step of reacting the matrix material with hydrofluoric acid, to form silicon tetrafluoride gas and a solution/slurry containing aluminum fluoride, undigested oxides, and additional soluble and insoluble fluoride materials. The silicon tetrafluoride gas is purified of contaminants by condensing out impurities in cold traps and reacted with aqueous sodium fluoride to form a solution/slurry of fluorosilicate salt which is delivered to a filter press to separate sodium fluorosilicate powder from the solution/slurry. The sodium fluorosilicate powder is dried and delivered to a kiln at a temperature of about 600.degree. C. to 650.degree. C. to form substantially pure silicon tetrafluoride gas and sodium fluoride powder for collection.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for removing aluminum contamination from phosphoric acid during the acidulation of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid in the presence of recycled phosphoric acid. The method of this invention involves the addition of acid soluble silica to the acidulation slurry and calls for maintaining the molar ratio of non-fluosilicate fluoride (i.e. fluoride not complexed with silica) to aluminum in the liquid phase of the acidulation slurry between 2.5 and 5.0. These conditions favor the precipitation of aluminum as calcium tetrafluoaluminate dihydrate and enable the co-removal of this compound by filtration with by-product gypsum. This invention is particularily suitable for the processing of phosphate rocks with high iron and aluminum contents, such as the nonsedimentary phosphate rocks occurring in Sri Lanka.

Abstract: Aluminium chloride contaminated with iron chloride is purified by contacting it in vapor form with a bed of particles of aluminium metal interspersed with particles of a chemically inert material. The efficiency of the process may be maintained by acid treating, drying and recycling the bed material. The process may be applied to aluminium chloride produced by the chlorination of a bauxite beneficiate.

Abstract: Fluoride-containing wastes, arising in the aluminium industry, particularly spent cell linings from reduction cells, are digested with caustic soda for conversion of sodium cryolite to NaF.By use of very strong caustic soda NaF may be left in the solid residues after removal of the residual liquor and recovered from such residues by water leaching.As an alternative weaker caustic soda may be used in the digestion stage and subsequently be crystallised out from the residual liquor, after separation from the solid residues, by evaporating and/or cooling the liquor. The precipitated NaF is then conventiently redissolved in water.The NaF solution prepared by either route is then preferably subjected to electrodialysis to recover a solution of HF from it. Such HF is conveniently converted to AlF.sub.3 by reaction with alumina.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recovering useable products from waste products deriving from the manufacture of aluminium fluoride on the basis of aluminium hydroxide and fluosilicic acid. Mother liquors and washing water from a scrubber in said process, which solutions contain aluminium, silica, fluorine, and phosphorous is reacted in a first step with sodium ions at pH 2-3, and a temperature of 50.degree.-100.degree. C. to give a precipitate of sodium fluoroaluminate, which is isolated. The filtrate from said first step can be reacted with the silica waste product obtained in the above mentioned aluminium fluoride manufacture.

Abstract: Magnesium and aluminum impurities are removed from aqueous phosphoric acid by treatment with a fluorine material and an alkali metal containing material in such a manner that the atomic ratio of fluorine to aluminum is adjusted so that it is greater than about 2 and the alkali metal plus magnesium to aluminum atomic ratio to a value no greater than about 2. In one embodiment the fluorine to aluminum ratio is below about 11, preferably between about 4 and about 8. By controlling such atomic ratios in the limits prescribed, a more purified aqueous phosphoric acid can be produced having a substantial reduction in the magnesium and aluminum content thereof. The process is useful for wet-process phosphoric acids. The process is also particularly useful for acids having low P.sub.2 O.sub.5 content and/or high aluminum concentration. The purification process does not require evaporation for the removal of impurities, as for example fluorine as silicon tetrafluoride.

Abstract: An annular groove formed on the inner surface of the porous sheet of an acoustical aircraft or jet engine liner spaced from the front edge and adjacent to the adhesive bonding material serves to prevent dislodgement of the entire porous sheet upon an impending peeling of the porous sheet. The groove also serves as a circuitous path for cracks propagating upstream from a fault manifested downstream therefrom.

Abstract: A process for separating inorganic substances involving their abstraction from a mixture with near-supercritical inorganic fluids. One or more inorganic substances are abstracted and then separatively recovered by retrograde condensations. The process particularly is applicable with mixtures obtained from the chlorination of metalliferous ores and may be conjoined to many ancillary metal abstraction processes such as volatilizations, distillations or electrolyses.

Abstract: Potassium tetrafluoro aluminate of a melting point not exceeding 575.degree. C. is produced by reacting an aqueous solution of fluoro aluminum acid with an aqueous solution of a potassium compound, especially of potassium hydroxide, the amount of potassium in said solution being less than the stoichiometrically required amount.

Abstract: Cryolite (Na.sub.3 AlF.sub.6) as a source of aluminum is prepared from coal fly ash by reacting the aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) in fly ash with phosphoric acid to form aluminum phosphate, which is then converted to sodium aluminate by reaction with sodium hydroxide, and the sodium aluminate is converted to cryolite by reaction with hydrofluoric acid (HF), or equivalent reagent providing H.sup.+ and F.sup.- ions. Aluminum is thereby obtained from fly ash in a preferred form (as cryolite) for use in producing metallic aluminum.

Abstract: Recovery of fluoride values from carbonaceous waste cathode materials is achieved by reacting the waste materials with oxygen, water, and sulfur dioxide at temperatures between about 600.degree. C. and 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: Thallous halides, either alone or in combination with other ceramic materials, are used in cryogenic applications such as heat exchange material for the regenerator section of a closed-cycle cryogenic refrigeration section, as stabilizing coatings for superconducting wires, and as dielectric insulating materials. The thallous halides possess unusually large specific heats at low temperatures, have large thermal conductivities, are nonmagnetic, and are nonconductors of electricity. They can be formed into a variety of shapes such as spheres, bars, rods, or the like and can be coated onto substrates.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering metallic constituents of spent or waste catalysts containing metallic compounds fixed on an aluminous support. The process is particularly applicable for the recovery of metals such as Al, Mo, V, Ni and Co, contained in spent catalyst. The process comprises transforming the metals to be recovered into volatile chlorides by carbochlorination and then separating the chlorides obtained by dry means and fixing them successively in a selective manner. The separation of AlCl.sub.3 is accomplished by passage through granules of anhydrous NaCl, and the separation of MoCl.sub.5 by passage through granules of crystallized KCl. The process is particularly suitable for the treatment of waste catalyst from the catalytic hydrocracking or hydrodesulfurization of oils.

Abstract: Recovery of titanium as a titanium tetrachloride from slags produced from ectrosmelting of relatively low content titanium bearing materials such as ilmenites.