Abstract: Metal ions contained in trace in an aqueous solution are extracted, for quantitative analysis by an ICP emission spectrometer, with an organic solvent supplemented by chelate compounds in an extraction vessel having a thin cylindrical upper portion, to form an organic layer containing the extracted metal ions over an aqueous layer. After extraction, water is supplied from the bottom of the vessel in an amount so that the interface between the organic and aqueous layers is positioned at a predetermined position of the thin, upper portion where a liquid withdrawal port is provided. The organic layer is recovered from the withdrawal port.

Abstract: A method for removing mercury and other related metals such as cadmium, zinc, copper, silver, from a liquid medium. This method comprises the step of contacting the liquid medium with an insoluble composition comprising an suitable insoluble carrier and a cysteine residue covalently fixed at the nitrogen atom thereof to the surface of the carrier.

Abstract: Process for producing fluorides of Mo, W, Nb, Ta, V, Re, Ti, Zr, Hf, Co, Ni, Cr, Sb, Sn, Zn, Pb, Al and rare earth metals comprising heating fluorine-containing ammonium salts of corresponding metals in a stream of an inert or reducing gas to convert them into fluorides of the metals.

Abstract: A solvent extraction process for the separation of one or more precious metal species from other precious metal species and possibly also base metal species contained in an aqueous acidic solution of the type produced during the recovery of precious metals from ore or scrap in which the solvent contains an extractant which is a mono-N-substituted amide. Also a mono-N-substituted amide extractant. The extractant permits better separation factors generally and also enables platinum to be extracted before palladium and permits improved extraction of iridium from rhodium.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of metals selected from the group consisting of zinc (II), silver (I), cadmium (II), mercury (II), nickel (II), cobalt (II), and copper (II) from an aqueous solution containing, in addition to said metals, metals selected from the group consisting of calcium (II) and magnesium (II) is disclosed. The process comprises contacting the aqueous solution having an equilibrium pH within the range of about 0.2 to about 3 with an extractant. The extractant comprises an organic-soluble dithiophosphinic acid or ammonium, alkali or alkaline earth metal salt thereof represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, aralkyl and cycloalkylaryl radicals having from about 2 to about 24 carbon atoms and X is either hydrogen or an ammonium, alkali or alkaline earth metal salt forming radical.

Abstract: Spent catalysts from hydrocarbon refining processes, comprising transition metal compounds on aluminum oxide-containing supports, are subjected to an oxidative roasting and are treated with sulfuric acid in a counter-current digester to dissolve metals. Following operations to separate compounds of the various transition metals, a solution containing approximately stoichiometric equivalents of aluminum and sulfate is obtained.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering scandium from a tungsten bearing material containing tungsten, iron manganese and scandium. The process involves digesting the material in an aqueous solution selected from the group consisting of a saturated solution of sulfur dioxide and a sulfuric acid solution containing an additional reducing agent at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time to form a digestion solution containing the major portion of the scandium, iron, and manganese, and a digestion solid containing the major portion of the tungsten which is separated from the digestion solution. The major portion of the scandium is extracted from the digestion solution with an organic consisting essentially of an extracting agent which is essentially a mixture of alkyl primary amines which are present in an amount sufficient to extract the major portion of the scandium without extracting appreciable amounts of iron and manganese, and the balance an essentially aromatic solvent.

Abstract: The iron content of Bayer process streams is reduced by contacting said stream with a tertiary hydroxyl-containing polyamine.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the selective removal of metal ions from plating solutions comprising contacting the plating solutions with liquid organic complexing agents such as oximes or phosphoric acid esters or microporous material, preferably anisotropic, the microporous material being impregnated with such substances. The microporous material may be in various forms, including beads, fibers, sheets and gels. Copper, zinc and iron contaminants are effectively removed from nickel-plating solutions.

Abstract: Metal values are extracted from aqueous solutions containing halide or pseudohalide anion using 1,1'-substituted 2,2'-biimidazole or bibenzimidazole compounds. Useful for the solvent extraction of zinc and copper from chloride leach solutions.

Abstract: Metals of Group 8 are recovered from an organic medium by liquid-liquid extraction into an aqueous phase in the presence of a water-soluble cyclic phosphite, forming an aqueous extract phase containing the metals in complex combination with the cyclic phosphite.

Abstract: Metal values, particularly copper values, are extracted from aqueous solutions containing halide or pseudohalide anion using 6,7 substituted triazolopyrimidine wherein the 6-substituent is a group --CO--OR1 where R1 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 35 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group and wherein the 7-substituent (R2) is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 35 atoms wherein R1 and R2 taken together contain a total of from 5 to 35 saturated carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for extracting cobalt values from an aqueous solution also containing another metal such as nickel, with an extractant comprising alkyl benzylphosphonic acid is disclosed. An organic solvent such as a low aromatic kerosene can be employed for dilution and dissolution of the extractant.

Abstract: A metal scavenger is composed of an addition product of a polyamine and an epihalohydrin. The addition product contains as substituent or substituents at least one carbodithio group and/or at least one carbodithioate salt group introduced therein by substituting the corresponding number of active hydrogen atom or atoms in the addition product. Metals can be scavenged from waste water by adding the metal scavenger together with at least one of sodium monosulfide, sodium polysulfides and sodium hydrogensulfide.

Abstract: A process for selectively stripping and separating iron ions from an organic solvent (A) which comprises bringing the organic solvent (A) containing iron and zinc ions, and containing one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of alkyl phosphoric acid, alkyl-aryl phosphoric acid, alkyl thio phosphoric acid and alkyl-aryl thio phosphoric acid together with a petroleum hydrocarbon as a diluent, into contact with an aqueous solution containing NH.sub.4.sup.+ and F.sup.- ions so as to selectively strip the iron ions into the aqueous solution despite the coexistence of zinc ions.

Abstract: Described is a process for removing arsenic, vanadium, and/or nickel from petroliferous derived liquids by contacting said liquid at an elevated temperature with a divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene having catechol ligands anchored thereon. For vanadium and nickel removal an amine, preferably a diamine is included.Also, described is a process for regenerating spent catecholated polystyrene by removal of the arsenic, vanadium, and/or nickel bound to it from contacting petroliferous liquid as described above and involves:treating the spent polymer containing any vanadium and/or nickel with an aqueous acid to achieve an acid pH; and,separating the solids from the liquid; and thentreating said spent catecholated polystyrene, at a temperature in the range of about 20.degree. to 100.degree. C. with an aqueous solution of at least one carbonate and/or bicarbonate of ammonium, alkali and alkaline earth metals, said solution having a pH between about 8 and 10; and,separating the solids and liquids from each other.

Abstract: The method of the present invention is a novel comprehensive process for maximizing the recovery of valuable mineral values from coal ash. Options may also be included for the production of saleable inorganic chemical by-products. The process employs both physical and chemical extraction techniques that maximize the yield of products while reducing the quantity of waste produced. Valuable minerals and chemicals such as cenospheres (hollow microspheres), carbon, magnetite (Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4), alumina (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3), iron oxide (Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3) and iron chloride (FeCl.sub.3) may be produced. Due to removal of carbon, magnetite, and iron oxide from the coal ash, the processed ash comprises a quality pozzolan.

Abstract: Zinc is extracted from an aqueous zinc containing brine (3) by contacting the brine with an organic reagent (5) consisting essentially of an extracting agent comprising a quaternary amine salt, a phase modifier, and an organic diluent so as to form a zinc amine complex (7) whereby a substantial portion of the zinc ions in the brine is transferred to the organic phase. The quaternary amine salt is a methyl triakyl ammonium chloride herein the alkyl groups contain from 8 to 10 carbon atoms. The zinc amine complex (7) is then contacted with an aqueous strippant (11) comprising a solution of sodium sulfate in water so as to form a sulfated quaternary amine salt whereby a substantial portion of zinc in the zinc amine complex is stripped therefrom and transferred to the aqueous phase as an aqueous zinc chloride solution (13) from which zinc may be recovered by electrowinning or chemical precipitation.

Abstract: Process for the recovery of heavy metals from aqueous solution by reaction with soluble, functionally-substituted polymer upon which the heavy metal loads, and optionally crosslinks by interaction with the heavy metals present in solution. Metals including those having atomic numbers of 39-51, 57-84 and 89-117, inclusive, can be recovered by the practice of the present invention.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of Co (III) from ammoniacal solutions comprising Co (III) and Ni (II). The process comprises:(a) contacting said ammoniacal solution with(b) bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid or an ammonium or alkali metal salt thereof,said ammoniacal solution forming the aqueous phase and said phosphinic acid, or salt thereof, forming the organic phase, and(c) a phase modifierwhereby the Co (III) values are extracted from said aqueous phase to said organic phase.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing pure cobalt metal powder. The method involves reducing a cobalt containing source material to produce an intermediate cobalt metal, contacting this intermediate with an ammoniacal ammonium halide solution and a catalyst with oxidation to form a solution of hexamminecobalt(III) ions, removing insoluble material, and adding a sufficient amount of a halide salt to the solution to precipitate hexamminecobalt(III) halide which is separated from the mother liquor. The hexamminecobalt(III) halide precipitate is dissolved in water and the pH is adjusted to greater than about 10 with a base, while the solution is heated at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient time to form an insoluble cobalt oxide containing material which is separated from its mother liquor and reduced to pure cobalt metal powder.

Abstract: A multistage countercurrent solvent extraction process for removing cobalt from an aqueous sulfate solutions containing saturation amounts of calcium using an organic soluble phosphinic acid as the extractant preferably characterized by control of pH in various stages of the process to minimize scaling of gypsum in the extraction equipment.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyetherurethane particles having absorptive activity whereby these particles may be applied for the extractions or the separations of metal ions from liquids, e.g. from waste liquors leaving galvanizing, printing and metal working industries. The particles are of a spherical shape, have a bulk density of at least 0.5 g/cm.sup.3 and are resistant against acidic liquids.The invention provides a method for such extractions and separation.The invention provides also a method for production of the polyetherurethane particles by forming a prepolymer and subjecting the dissolved prepolymer in the presence of 2-methylpiperazine suspension to polycondensation.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of a heavy metal which comprises:bringing a polymer having pendant groups of the formula:--CO--NH--NH--CO--COOMin which M is hydrogen, sodium or potassium, into contact with an aqueous solution containing a heavy metal to have the heavy metal adsorbed by said polymer;andhaving said heavy metal desorbed from the said polymer.

Abstract: Nickel and cobalt contained in aqueous sulfate solution are separately recovered by counter-current solvent extraction using a cobalt-selective organic extractant while scaling of equipment and cobalt recycle are minimized by controlling aqueous pH at the extraction, scrubbing and stripping stages to maximize cobalt loading and selectivity of the extractant while loading scale-causing ions such as calcium and magnesium in the extractant and removing them from the circuit with the aqueous cobalt strip solution.

Abstract: Crystalline transition metal aluminate compounds are formed by reacting transition metal compounds with crystalline hydrous alumina, such as gibbsite, bayerite, norstrandite, boehmite and the like. The crystalline hydrous alumina may be unsupported by a solid substrate or may be supported on a solid substrate or within the pores of a solid substrate, such as a macroporous resin.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a spent hydrochloric acid solution containing dissolved iron, zinc, and minor amounts of heavy metals to remove such dissolved metals from the solution, which process comprises contacting said solution with metallic iron in a first stage, whereby trivalent iron present in the solution is reduced to divalent iron and certain of said heavy metals may be reduced to elemental form, next, in a second stage, contacting said solution with metallic zinc, whereby any remaining heavy metals are reduced to elemental form, and then extracting zinc, as zinc chloride, from the resulting aqueous phase with an organic liquid containing a complexing agent for zinc chloride.

Abstract: Liquid-liquid extraction of a substance from an aqueous solution thereof, which consists in preparing a microemulsion of this solution with a hydrophobic liquid in such a way that the layer of microemulsion is accompanied by a layer of consumed aqueous solution and a layer of hydrophobic liquid containing the substance to be extracted.

Abstract: A process for separating Fe(III) from an aqueous solution of metallic salts containing at least Fe(III), comprising: (1) bringing said aqueous solution into contact with an organic extraction solvent containing, as an extractant, an organic phosphinic acid represented by the following general formula to thereby extract at least Fe(III) from the aqueous phase and transfer it into the organic phase; ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyls, respectively, having carbon number in the range of 1 to 20; the sum of carbon numbers for R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is in the range of 12 to 36; and R.sub.1 is the same as or different from R.sub.2, and (2) separating the resulting Fe(III) loaded organic phase from said aqueous phase.A process for separating Fe(III) from an organic extraction solvent loaded with at least Fe(III), comprising: (1) bringing said extraction solvent into contact with an aqueous solution of a mineral acid having a low concentration at pH 1.

Abstract: Improved solvent extraction processes for recovery of copper values from aqueous solutions which also contain dissolved iron values. In continuous, multiple stage, solvent extraction circuits, the overall copper/iron selectivity of reagents including hydroxy oxime extractants is enhanced by providing non-uniform residence times for aqueous feedstocks in extraction stages, i.e., longer effective residence times for the feedstocks in one or more initial extraction stages of contact with the reagent than in subsequent stages of contact with the reagent.

Abstract: Metal values are extracted from aqueous solutions of metal salts containing halide or pseudo halide ions by pyrimidine, pyrazine or pyridazine derivitives bearing the substituent --(C.dbd.O.X).sub.n where X is the group --OR.sub.1 or --NR.sub.2 R.sub.3 and n is 1, 2 or 3. R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 36 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.2 together contain from 1 to 36 carbon atoms. The molecule as a whole contains from 5 to 36 alkyl carbon atoms and may carry further optional substituents. The process is especially useful for the recovery of metals from leach solutions derived from sulphur-containing ores.

Abstract: Metal values are extracted from aqueous solutions of metal salts containing halide or pseudo halide ions by pyrimidine, pyrazine or pyridazine derivatives bearing the substituent --(C.dbd.O.X).sub.n where X is the group --OR.sub.1 or --NR.sub.2 R.sub.3 and n is 1, 2 or 3. R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to 36 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.2 together contain from 1 to 36 carbon atoms. The molecule as a whole contains from 5 to 36 alkyl carbon atoms and may carry further optional substituents. The process is especially useful for the recovery of metals from leach solutions derived from sulphur-containing ores.

Abstract: New compounds have been prepared from dicyclopentadiene bis(methylamine) which have the following formula ##STR1## wherein substituents A, B, X and Y each are independently selected from radicals including hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl (wherein the alkyl group contains 2-6 carbon atoms) phosphonic, sulfonic, hydroxyethyl- and hydroxypropylsulfonic, methylenephosphonic methylene-, ethylene- and propylenesulfonic, alkylcarboxylic acid radicals (having 2-4 carbon atoms) and the alkali or alkaline earth metal, ammonia and amine salts of any of the phosphonic, sulfonic or carboxylic acid derivatives. At least one of the substituents must be other than a hydrogen. These compounds are useful chelating agents and those containing the methylenephosphonic substituents are good threshold agents.

Abstract: A process for selective liquid-liquid extraction of germanium from an aqueous acidic liquor containing, besides germanium, at least one other metal selected from the group which comprises cadmium, zinc, cobalt, iron, arsenic and nickel. This process includes extracting germanium from said aqueous liquor by contacting said liquor with an organic medium containing a diluent and an extractant, said diluent being immiscible with said aqueous liquor. The major part of germanium passes from said aqueous liquor to an organic phase which is subsequently submitted to a stripping step by contacting with an alkaline medium, with formation of an aqueous phase containing the major part of germanium from said aqueous liquor.

Abstract: A process for eluting indium from a chelate resin having a phosphorus atom-containing, chelate-forming group which contains adsorbed indium, which comprises contacting said resin firstly with a primary eluent containing an acid containing no halogen atom in the molecule at a concentration of 0.1N or higher and then with an eluent for indium which is selected from the group consisting of (1) a solution of an acid containing a halogen atom in the molecule, (2) a mixed solution of (a) a metal halide, an ammonium halide or a mixture thereof and (b) an acid and (3) a mixed solution of a sulfide and a base compound.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for extracting cobalt values from an aqueous solution containing cobalt and other metal values and stripping the resulting organic solution with an aqueous ammoniacal solution.

Abstract: A method of continuous ion exchange for waste water treatment and metal recovery employs two membranes, each disposed in its own fluid-tight chamber. A feed solution containing metal ions is passed in contact with one membrane, the opposite side of which is in contact with a recirculating flow of liquid ion exchange material which receives selected dissolved mineral ions. The liquid ion exchange material is then passed over a second membrane, the other side of which is supplied with an eluant solution for further selective recovery of the desired mineral ion or ions. During recirculation the liquid ion exchange material is preferably passed through an aqueous separator. An apparatus for the practice of the present invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: Process for the separation of arsenic from acid aqueous solutions containing arsenic and other metals characterized in that the acid aqueous solution is placed in the contact with water-immiscible organic solvent which extracts the arsenic, the arsenic being reextracted from the organic solvent by means of a countersolvent.

Abstract: The selective leaching of metal ions from various iron oxide and manganese oxide containing ores employs intermediary solutions. The leaching processes are based upon a redox acid leach step employing stabilized cuprous ions and, in one instance, a combination thereof with ferrous ions. Leaching is conducted at low temperatures, up to about 90.degree. C. and low pressures, up to about 1.5 MPa and at a pH of about 1.5 to 2.5. Nickel and cobalt recoveries from the ores, employing these processes, will usually equal or exceed 90 percent. The intermediary solutions comprise stabilized acidic cuprous ions Cu.sup.+ L wherein L is a stabilizing ligand selected from the group consisting of CO, XRCN and Cl.sup.-, X being --H or --OH and R being aliphatic having from one to about four carbon atoms. In at least one process, ferrous ions are introduced for a separate leaching step.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for reducing the iron content of iron-, silicon- and aluminium-containing raw materials and for producing ferric oxide, optionally along with an alumina concentrate. According to the invention the iron content of mineral raw materials, e.g. bauxites, clay minerals, colliary rocks, red muds, etc. is eliminated by passing through one or more beds prepared from the unground but preferably prebroaken and sized raw material an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, the concentration of which exceeds 100 g./lit., at a temperature below 90.degree. C., preferably at room temperature, optionally in the presence of a flocculating agent. By pyrolytic decomposition of the ferric chloride prepared ferric oxide can be produced.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of metal values, in particular divalent metal ions such as copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt and manganese from aqueous solutions thereof which may be well in the acid range for example of pH 2 to 4. Extraction is effected using known organophosphorus or carboxylic acid extractants but in combination with non-chelating oximes, preferably of aldehydes wherein the alpha-carbon atom is primary or secondary. A synergistic effect between the extractant and oxime enables extraction to take place at a lower pH than heretofore thereby saving in acid and neutralizing agents in many instances.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to heap leach processes for leaching metal values from ore. The heap is constructed with a plurality of cellular heaps formed by loading ore onto an impermeable pad having a raised berm network thereon to separate the pad surface into a plurality of reservoirs. Leach solution percolating through the ore is collected in the respective reservoirs. Additional cellular heaps may be subsequently built overlying the original cellular heaps with an impermeable barrier being placed between stacked cellular heaps to prevent overleaching of underlying cellular heaps. The effluent leach solution from the overlying cellular heap is routed to the underlying reservoir from where it is withdrawn. Use of berms on the surface of the individual cellular heaps permits pooling of leach solution thereon for enhanced leaching. An earthen dam around the heap eliminates ore sides to the heap and insulates the heap during cold weather.

Abstract: A process for removing metal contaminants from a hydroconversion catalyst, said catalyst containing at least one metal from Groups VIB, VIIB or VIII supported on a refractory inorganic oxide. The process comprises contacting the contaminated catalyst with a buffered oxalic acid solution wherein contaminant is removed without dissolving the support.

Abstract: The catalytic cobalt compound used in the reaction of olefins with carbon monoxide and water or alkanols which employs an oxidizing treatment is reprocessed according to the present invention. This reprocessing includes in a first embodiment treating the cobaltic residue obtained as the distillation sump product with water and a carboxylic acid having 1 to 4 C atoms. The phases generated are separated and cobalt is recovered from the carboxylic acid/water phase in the form of the corresponding carboxylic acid salt. Where appropriate, the corresponding carboxylic acid salt is transformed into another carboxylic-acid salt.A second embodiment includes the steps of hydrogenating the cobalt containing residue obtained as the distillation sump product, separating the metallic cobalt which is obtained, reacting the metallic cobalt with an acid and where appropriate converting the cobalt salt so obtained into another cobalt salt.

Abstract: A method of stripping an organic extraction solvent containing quaternary alkyl ammonium complexes. The extraction solvent is contacted with an aqueous stripping solution having at least 75 g/l bicarbonate ion, while maintained at between pH 7 and 9 at a temperature of no more than 50.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of recovering metal values from an aqueous stream. The metal values are preferably obtained from leaching spent hydroprocessing catalysts, and include nickel, cobalt, vanadium and molybdenum. The metal values are extracted, isolated and purified by liquid, liquid extraction techniques.

Abstract: A process for removing nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, and vanadium from spent hydroprocessing catalyst particles by roasting the catalyst at between 400.degree. C. and 600.degree. C. and leaching the catalyst particles with an aqueous solution of ammonia and an ammonium salt.

Abstract: A process for the selective recovery of cadmium, molybdenum, zinc, nickel and other metal values from wet process phosphoric acid and other acidic to slightly basic carrier solutions, wherein the metal-bearing solution is contacted with an organophosphene extractant to precipitate the metal values for subsequent separation from the solution. Separation may be effected by mechanical means or by scrubbing with a water-immiscible organic solvent such as kerosene for subsequent recovery of the metal values. The metal specie recovered is determined by the concentration of the organophosphene, which may be selectively adjusted to recover a series of metal values in a sequence of stages.

Abstract: Anhydrous zinc chloride is produced from an aqueous feed solution containing zinc chloride from an aqueous feed solution containing zinc chloride. The zinc chloride is extracted onto an organic extractant known to the art such as tributyl phosphate, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, and quaternary amine salts. The loaded extractant is then stripped with aqueous stripping solution containing ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide. The zinc ammine chloride formed in this aqueous stripping solution is separated from the stripping solution and can then be heated to form anhydrous zinc chloride and ammonia. This anhydrous zinc chloride is suitable as a feed material to a fused salt electrolysis process for the production of zinc.

Abstract: This invention concerns the method of separation of Co from Ni in an aqueous solution containing Co from Ni salts, with an organic solvent containing 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester and/or 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-3,5,5-trimethylhexyl ester and/or isodecyl phosphonic acid monoisodecyl ester as an effective extractant for the separation of Co from Ni, the method which requires fewer stages in the solvent extraction equipment and less organic solvent than the conventional method, and which can very effectively separate Co from Ni in high purity and in high yield. The continuous separation of Co from Ni according to this invention enables the separation of Co with purity above 99% in a yield above 99% and Ni with purity above 99% in a yield above 99%.