Abstract: A technique is provided, in which impure metal is efficiently separated and removed from titanium-containing raw material such as titanium slag or ilmenite and high titanium-containing raw material is produced. The method for improving quality of titanium-containing raw material containing slag, including steps of: oxidizing the titanium-containing raw material, selectively chlorinating impurities in the titanium-containing raw material, and separating and removing the impure chlorides to obtain high titanium-containing raw material. Alternatively, in this method, the oxidizing treatment and the selective chlorinating treatment are performed simultaneously.

Abstract: A method for producing titanium tetrachloride is provided, in which valuable materials such as unreacted titanium-containing raw material, carbon raw material and chlorine can be recovered from solid recovered material generated in chlorinating process of titanium-containing raw material, and titanium-containing raw material can be efficiently used. The treatment method of titanium-containing raw material includes the steps: separating and removing impurities selectively from the titanium-containing raw material as chlorides so as to obtain high titanium-containing raw material, producing titanium tetrachloride using the high titanium-containing raw material, and performing separating process of impurities from solid recovered material byproduced in the production of titanium tetrachloride, together with selective chlorinating treatment of the titanium-containing raw material. Thus, the high titanium-containing raw material can be produced while recovering chlorine and impure oxides.

Abstract: The present disclosure related to an economic and environmental safe process for obtaining one or more metals from the red mud slag, bauxite, karst bauxite, lateritic bauxite, clay and the like. The present disclosure also related to a process for obtaining elemental aluminum by electrolyzing AlCl3 in the electrolysis cell.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for separation and recovery of vanadium, molybdenum, iron, tungsten, cobalt and nickel from alumina-based materials, mattes, ores, manufacturing by-products and waste. These elements are oxidized. The oxides are reacted with gaseous HCl to form volatile chloride-bearing compounds that subsequently sublimate. The volatile compounds are condensed in a downward-stepped thermal gradient that allows collection of moderate to high purity compounds of individual elements with exception of a nickel-cobalt co-condensate. Nickel is separated from cobalt by precipitation of nickel chloride from concentrated HCl pressurized with gaseous HCl.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for separation and recovery of vanadium, molybdenum, iron, tungsten, cobalt and nickel from alumina-based materials, mattes, ores, manufacturing by-products and waste. These elements are oxidized. The oxides are reacted with gaseous HCl to form volatile chloride-bearing compounds that subsequently sublimate. The volatile compounds are condensed in a downward-stepped thermal gradient that allows collection of moderate to high purity compounds of individual elements with exception of a nickel-cobalt co-condensate. Nickel is separated from cobalt by precipitation of nickel chloride from concentrated HCl pressurized with gaseous HCl.

Abstract: A method of removing lead sulfide contained in refined molybdenite powder concentrates (major component; MoS2) is provided. More specifically, in order to solve the problems associated with a leaching method using a leaching agent that is employed for conventional hydrometallurgical process, oxygen-free inert gas is circulated in a furnace for pyrometallurgical treatment to evaporate lead sulfide at high temperature, followed by condensing process to recover lead sulfide at low temperature. The method is characterized in that, it can reduce environmental contamination and can easily recover sulfides of valuable metals such as lead, indium, zinc and the like.

Abstract: A method for increasing the chrome to iron ratio of a chromite product selected from the group consisting of ore and ore concentrate comprising the steps of mixing the chromite product with at least one salt so as to produce a mixture, whereby the concentration of salt in the mixture is selected to induce the selective chlorination of iron; and chlorinating the mixture in the presence of CO at a temperature sufficient to induce the formation of a thin film of a melt around the chromite product and at a temperature able to promote the selective chlorination of iron, whereby an iron impoverished chromite product is yielded having an increased chromite to iron ratio as compared to that of the chromite product.

Abstract: A method for producing nano-sized lithium-cobalt oxide is provided by using flame-spray pyrolysis. The method comprises the steps of: spraying minute droplets, which is a solution dissolved lithium salt with cobalt salt at room temperature; atomizing the minute droplets through rapid expansion into a high temperature environment generated by combusting oxygen and hydrogen; decomposing and oxidizing the atomized minute droplets thermally at high temperature to produce nano-sized oxides in gaseous phase: and collecting the produced nano-sized composite oxides particles. The produced nano-sized lithium-cobalt oxide can be applied to a highly efficient lithium battery as the electrode materials and a thin film type of battery as well as to a miniaturized battery.

Abstract: The method of determining the extent to which a nickel structure has been attacked by a halogen containing gas to which it has been exposed which comprises preparing a quantity of water substantially free from dissolved oxygen, passing ammonia gas through a cuprammonium solution to produce ammonia substantially free from oxygen, dissolving said oxygen-free ammonia in said water to produce a saturated aqueous ammonia solution free from uncombined oxygen, treating at least a portion of said nickel structure of predetermined weight with said solution to dissolve nickel compounds from the surface of said structure without dissolving an appreciable amount of said nickel and analyzing the resulting solution to determine the quantity of said nickel compounds that was associated with said said portion of said structure to determine the proportion of combined nickel in said nickel structure.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering raw materials, in particular heavy metals such as chromium, zinc, copper, lead, or nickel, by separation from waste and residues, wherein a liquid or viscous starting mixture and/or a starting mixture composed of crushed or ground components is first prepared. The invention is characterized in that the raw materials are separated by a thermochemical treatment. The liquid, viscous and/or solid starting mixture is first mixed with additives, depending on its composition, then subjected to a thermal treatment in an oven. The atmosphere in the oven flows through the starting mixture and the suspended materials thus generated as flakes or dust are conveyed out of the oven through a filter installation with several stages in which they are separated from the waste gas. The first filter is designed as a hot filter, after which the waste gas is cooled and after flowing through at least a second filter, pre-heated and then burnt at a high temperature.

Abstract: A process for producing purified cobalt from a mixture comprising metallic species of cobalt and metallic species of at least one of the group consisting of nickel and iron, comprising producing a metal carbonyl mixture of cobalt carbonyl and at least one of nickel carbonyl and iron carbonyl from the metallic species mixture; separating the nickel carbonyl and/or iron carbonyl from the cobalt carbonyl; treating the cobalt carbonyl with an effective amount of a complexing gaseous mixture of nitric oxide/carbon monoxide to produce cobalt nitrosyl tricarbonyl; and decomposing the purified cobalt nitrosyl carbonyl to provide purified cobalt and regenerated complexing gaseous mixture for recycle. The process provides cobalt of improved quality in an optionally, continuous and closed-loop manner. Preferred processes include either aqueous and/or gaseous process steps.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of chemical values, particularly uranium, nickel and/or radionuclides from process equipment theretofore employed in a uranium hexafluoride isotope enrichment cascade. Preferably, the process is carried out, in situ, at subatmospheric pressure employing the existing process equipment from which the chemical values are to be recovered. In one aspect, the process includes recovery of uranium values employing a gaseous fluorinating agent at subatmospheric pressure, followed by recovery of nickel values employing a gaseous reactant comprising a mixture of carbon monoxide and a promoter, preferably hydrogen sulfide and at subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the separation of vaporous heavy metal compounds from a carrier gas wherein the heavy metal compounds are cooled and desublimed. An apparatus for carrying out this process has a melting furnace with a discharge opening for a gas/ vapor mixture, which leads to a cooling device.Vaporous heavy metal compounds can be separated from a carrier gas on a large industrial scale. In addition, the apparatus for carrying out this process is easy to operate. The gas/vapor mixture is turbulently mixed immediately after the discharge from the furnace in a mixing section with cold air and is thus cooled. During this cooling, the vaporous heavy metal compounds desublime and are filtered as particles in a filter.

Abstract: An improved halogenator process and system is provided which significantly and economically decreases the level of impurities in the processing of various refractory metals and their halides and particularly hafnium tetrachloride which is condensed from gases produced by the chlorination of Zircon.

Abstract: This invention relates to the metallurgy of iron and particularly to the separation and recovery of metals from electric arc furnace (EAF) dusts. While the invention discloses a process for the separation and recovery applicable to zinc, lead, cadmium and antimony contained in such EAF dusts, the invention is particularly applicable to the separation and recovery of zinc. This invention describes a method for reducing the zinc contained in an EAF dust, volatilizing the metallic zinc so produced from the mass of the dust, and reoxidizing the metallic zinc to zinc oxide along with the simultaneous regeneration of hydrogen which can be recycled to treat additional EAF dust.

Abstract: An efficient process for recovering a catalyst used in the preparation of .alpha.-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid, which comprises recovering part of a nickel catalyst component, such as nickel carbonyl, from a purge gas, concentrating a reaction product mixture, adding an organic solvent thereto to extract the reaction product, then separating and recovering the majority of the catalyst components from the extraction residue.

Abstract: Ultra-fine spherical particles of a metal oxide having an average particle diameter of 40 nm or smaller can be prepared by a method in which a vaporizable metal compound is vaporized and decomposed under heating to give ultra-fine particles of a metal oxide followed by immediate cooling down to a temperature at which coalescence of the fine particles are prevented from coalescence. The fine particles have characteristics such as an excellent power of ultraviolet scattering.

Abstract: The invention is primarily directed to the production of a substantially iron free alumina-silica product and substantially iron free aluminum chloride from bauxites, bauxitic clays and kaolinitic clays wherein the feed material to an agglomeration stage is selected to contain a minimum of about 20% kaolinite mineral. The agglomerates are so formed to produce a product that is preferably at least minus 6 mesh plus 200 mesh and in a subsequent calcination stage the calcined agglomerates have a bulk density of preferably 0.8 to 1.3. In a subsequent differential iron chlorination stage a substantially iron free alumina-silica product is produced and in a subsequent mass chlorination stage substantially iron free aluminum chloride is produced.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is disclosed for the chlorinating volatilization of impurity metals detrimental to the production of iron from a raw material which contains the oxides of the impurity metals and iron or which forms them in an oxidizing atmosphere, in which the pulverous raw material is at a high temperature of 900.degree. C. or more and in an oxidizing atmosphere contacted with a magnesium chloride in order to chlorinate and volatilize the impurity metals. The preheated raw material and anhydrous magnesium chloride are fed into a fluidized bed on an inclined grate, hot air being fed into the bed through the grate in order to volatilize the chlorides of the impurity metals, and purified raw material is discharged from the lower section of the fluidized bed into a separate chamber, in which it is rinsed with an air flow the flow rate of which is substantially higher than that of the air flow fed into the fluidized bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for deironing red mud and bauxite and for the preparation of a raw material for alumina industry and of iron pentacarbonyl which comprises(a) activating the red mud or bauxite starting material at 150.degree.-800.degree. C. under a pressure of 0.1-100 bars in a reducing gas stream in the presence of one or more promoter(s) and thereafter(b) carbonylating at 50.degree.-300.degree. C. under a pressure of 25-300 bars with carbon monoxide or a gas containing carbon monoxide and removing the iron pentacarbonyl formed from the system.The advantage of the present invention is that it provides a process for the effective removal of the iron content of red mud or bauxite and moreover it enables the utilization of the removed iron in the valuable form of iron pentacarbonyl which is suitable for use in iron metallurgy.

Abstract: A process for the beneficiation of an iron-containing material is carried out by first chlorinating the iron-containing material. Oxidation of ferrous chloride in the effluent gas from the chlorination is carried out under controlled conditions of oxygen supply so that more than 50% but less than 100% of the ferrous chloride is oxidized. In this way chlorine gas is separated from the process stream in a relatively pure form which can be utilized in a continuous process by recycle to another chlorination.

Abstract: A selective chlorination method of a mixture of simple or complex metallic oxides, comprising at least one of the elements to be used, iron, aluminum, titanium and silicon, as well as the impurities accompanying said elements, said method consisting of a grinding, a calcination, a placing in suspension in a bath of melted salts of the mixture of said metallic oxides and of their impurities and of an introduction of chlorinating agents into said bath maintained at a temperature which assures the volatility of at least one of the metallic chlorides formed; characterized by the fact that, in order to selectively extract the metallic chlorides formed from the bath, specific chlorinating mixtures are introduced into this bath by successive steps, said mixtures having increasing chlorinating power, and the introduction is in a number at the most equal to the usuable elements to be chlorinated.

Abstract: At least a two-stage chlorination system for the production of a substantially iron-free alumina-silica product from Bauxites and Clays wherein in a preferred embodiment of the invention the chlorination agent is selected from the group consisting of Cl.sub.2, HCl and COCl.sub.2 in the first chlorination stage and wherein in the second chlorination stage the chlorination agent is selected from the group consisting of AlCl.sub.3 and SiCl.sub.4.

Abstract: At least a two stage chlorination system for the production of aluminum trichloride and aluminum monochloride wherein in the gas stream containing the highest percentages of aluminum chloride produced CO.sub.2 is present and the said gas stream is passed through a charcoal or devolatilized coke bed in a preferred temperature range of about 1000.degree. C. to 1600.degree. C. to convert the said CO.sub.2 to CO and cycling at least part of the said CO produced to at least the second chlorination stage.

Abstract: At least a single stage chlorination system for the production of a substantially iron-free alumina-silica product from Bauxites, Bauxitic Clays and Clays wherein at least one chlorination agent is selected from the group consisting of Cl.sub.2, HCl and COCl.sub.2 and at least one chlorination agent from the group consisting of AlCl.sub.3 and SiCl.sub.4.

Abstract: At least a single stage chlorination system for the production of a substantially iron-free alumina-silica product from Bauxites, Bauxitic Clays and Clays wherein at least one chlorination agent is selected from the group consisting of Cl.sub.2, COCl.sub.2, AlCl.sub.2, AlCl, SiCl.sub.4 and SiCl.sub.2 and wherein the said chlorination agent is a limited percentage of the total gas stream.

Abstract: An improved method of beneficiating ilmenite using two chlorinators in order to oxidize by-product iron chlorides to chlorine in the vapor phase and eliminate the necessity of separating the chlorine from combustion gas by cryogenic methods comprising using a first stage which produces beneficiated ore, and, inter alia, carbon dioxide, iron chlorides, predominantly ferrous chloride, which are condensed to gain the separation from CO.sub.2 ; solid iron chlorides are fed to an oxidation zone in the void above the second stage beneficiator and reacted with oxygen; heat required for vaporization of the condensed chlorides is supplied in part by beneficiation within the second stage. The fluidized bed overflow of the second stage beneficiator is magnetically separated to separate practically pure T.sub.1 O.sub.2, useful as a starting material for T.sub.1 O.sub.2 pigment and a recycle stream of magnetic partially beneficiated ore.

Abstract: Uranium ores, concentrates, calcines or tailings are processed to remove radium and thorium as well as uranium. Selected ores, concentrates or tailings, or if more appropriate, chlorination calcines thereof, are leached by selected aqueous chlorine-containing media (preferably in two stages) until uranium, radium and thorium are substantially all dissolved, with the insoluble residual solids being suitable for disposal. The leach solution is treated to recover sequentially uranium, usually thorium, and radium by selected techniques. The radium recovered can be disposed of in any environmentally-acceptable manner. The amount of iron in the residual leach liquor should be controlled to avoid iron build-up, with the barren leach solution being suitable for recycle.

Abstract: A method for producing alumina from a material containing alumina values via a chlorination step which process comprises the steps of:(A) dehydrating the material, if necessary, at a temperature of between about 500 and about 1300.degree. K.;(B) chlorinating the product of step (A) in the presence of chlorine and carbon at a temperature below about 1200.degree. K. and under conditions which provide chlorination of a majority of the iron present in the clay without substantial chlorination of titania values which may be present therein with concommittant formation of an iron chloride cloud above the surface of the chlorination reaction mixture;(C) introducing oxygen into the iron chloride cloud under conditions to cause oxidation of a majority of the iron chloride contained in the cloud;(D) chlorinating the non-gaseous product of step (B) in the presence of chlorine and carbon at a temperature above about 1300.degree. K.

Abstract: A two stage process is described for chlorinating aluminum value containing materials such as bauxite, clay, fly ash, etc. The process comprises the steps of:(A) dehydrating the material, if necessary, at a temperature of between about 500.degree. and about 1300.degree. K.;(B) chlorinating the product of step (A) in the presence of chlorine and carbon at a temperature below about 1200.degree. K. and under conditions which provide chlorination of a majority of the iron present in the clay without substantial chlorination of titania values which may be present therein with concommittant formation of an iron chloride cloud above the surface of the chlorination reaction mixture;(C) introducing oxygen into the iron chloride cloud under conditions to cause oxidation of a majority of the iron chloride contained in the cloud; and(D) chlorinating the non-gaseous product of step (B) in the presence of chlorine and carbon at a temperature above about 1300.degree. K.

Abstract: There is described a method for producing alumina from a material containing alumina values via a chlorination step which process comprises the steps of:(A) dehydrating the material, if necessary, at a temperature of between about 500 and about 1300.degree. K;(B) chlorinating the product of step (A) in the presence of chlorine and carbon at a temperature below about 1200.degree. K and under conditions which provide chlorination of a majority of the iron present in the clay without substantial chlorination of titania values which may be present therein with concommittant formation of an iron chloride cloud above the surface of the chlorination reaction mixture;(C) introducing oxygen into the iron chloride cloud under conditions to cause oxidation of a majority of the iron chloride contained in the cloud;(D) chlorinating the non-gaseous product of step (B) in the presence of chlorine and carbon at a temperature above about 1300.degree.

Abstract: Titaniferous ore is beneficiated to essentially pure titanium dioxide use in the production of titanium dioxide pigments by continuously chlorinating, in the presence of carbon and at high temperature, the ore in a first reactor wherein the iron content is maintained at about 3.5%, by weight, continuously passing the beneficiate-carbon mixture to a second reactor wherein the ratio of the diameters of the first reactor and the second reactor is in the range of 10:1 and wherein the beneficiate-carbon mixture is maintained at an iron content of about 0.1 to 1%, by weight, said beneficiate being continuously chlorinated while continuously removing the beneficiate and coke from the second reactor and continuously separating the product therefrom.

Abstract: A process for recovering aluminum from clays associated with coal or bauxite containing iron, siliceous material and titanium which comprises: (a) chlorinating the clay or bauxite in an oxidizing atmosphere to selectively chlorinate and vaporize iron chloride from the remaining chlorides, (b) chlorinating the residue from step (a) in a reducing atmosphere or carbon monoxide and vaporizing the chlorides of aluminum, silicon, titanium, and the residual iron, (c) separating and recovering the formed vaporized chlorides by selective condensation. Silicon tetrachloride may be added to step (b) to suppress the chlorination of silicon. If the clay contains alkali or alkaline earth metals, then the residue of step (b) is treated with sulfuric acid to convert the soluble chlorides, e.g., gypsum, to sulfates and to regenerate a chloridizing and binder solution for pelletizing the clay or bauxite.

Abstract: The process is based on the series of halide-forming affinities. The oxides are passed through a series of zones equal in number to the plurality of halides or mixtures which are to be produced. A halide of an element of lower halide-forming affinity is fed counter-current to the oxides. The halide supply is in stoichiometric equivalent to the total content of halide to be extracted. The oxide of the said fed element is also extracted.

Abstract: A process for the removal of iron and titanium minerals from aluminum bearing materials in at least one chlorination stage by the use of an excess of aluminum trichloride as at least the major chlorinating agent for the contained iron and titanium minerals, condensing the excess aluminum trichloride to recover the aluminum trichloride in an impure form, and recycling the impure aluminum trichloride to the chlorination stage together with additional aluminum trichloride or starvation amounts of chlorine, or alternately additional amounts of aluminum trichloride and starvation amounts of chlorine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of recovering the chlorine values from iron chloride obtained from the chlorination of an aluminous material containing iron oxide, such as bauxite. The method involves partially dechlorinating ferric chloride in the presence of a reducing agent to form products comprising ferrous chloride and a chloride compound derived from the reducing agent and oxidizing ferrous chloride at a temperature of about 300.degree. C. to 1200.degree. C. to form products comprising ferric chloride and ferric oxide. The ferric chloride is recycled and the chlorine values are recovered as the chloride of the reducing agent which is suitable for recycle to the aluminous chlorination stage or has other industrial utility.

Abstract: A method of producing aluminum chloride from aluminous materials containing compounds of iron, titanium and silicon comprising reacting the aluminous materials with carbon and a chlorine-containing gas at a temperature of about 900.degree. K. to form a gaseous mixture containing chlorides of aluminum, iron, titanium and silicon and oxides of carbon; cooling the gaseous mixture to a temperature of about 400.degree. K. or lower to condense the aluminum chlorides and iron chlorides while titanium chloride and silicon chloride remain in the gas phase to effect a separation thereof; heating the mixture of iron chlorides and aluminum chlorides to a temperature of about 800.degree. K. to form gaseous aluminum chlorides and iron chlorides; passing the heated gases into intimate contact with aluminum sulfide to precipitate solid iron sulfide and to form additional gaseous aluminum chlorides; and separating the gaseous aluminum chloride from the solid iron sulfide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enriching the iron carbonyl content of a recycle gas stream produced in an iron carbonyl decomposition or reaction process to enable reuse of the recycle gas stream in the iron carbonyl decomposition or reaction process by cooling the recycle gas stream, adding carbon monoxide to the recycle gas stream, compressing the recycle gas stream to a pressure of about 20 to about 38 atmospheres under conditions suitable to prevent substantial decomposition of residual iron carbonyl, and contacting the compressed gas stream at a temperature of about 65 to about 160.degree. C. with a reduced iron containing material in the presence of hydrogen sulfide under conditions suitable to produce substantially condensed iron carbonyl.

Abstract: A process for the selective removal of iron from a ferruginous ore which comprises feeding the dried heated ore into a countercurrent reactor comprising a sulphidizing zone, an intermediate zone and a chlorination zone, through which zones the ore moves in sequence and wherein(a) in the sulphidizing zone, a reductant is introduced and the iron values present in the ore react selectively with sulphur and/or volatile sulphur-containing compounds in the presence of the reductant to form iron sulphides;(b) in the intermediate zone, volatile ferric chloride formed in the chlorinating zone is introduced and reacts with the sulphidized ore to convert the iron sulphides into ferrous chloride and reform the sulphur and/or volatile sulphur containing compounds;(c) in the chlorination zone, chlorine is introduced and converts the ferrous chloride formed in the intermediate zone into volatile ferric chloride;(d) the volatile iron chlorides and the upgraded host oxide are separately removed from the chlorination zone; and

Abstract: The invention relates to the recovery of chlorine values as ferric chloride from iron chloride dust which is obtained as a by-product from the chlorination of a titaniferous material containing more than 5% by weight iron oxide, such as ilmenite. The method comprises heating the iron chloride dust to a temperature above 275.degree. C. in the presence of chlorine and iron oxide and recovering the ferric chloride volatilized from the iron chloride dust together with the ferric chloride obtained from ferrous chloride present in the iron chloride dust by reaction with the chlorine and ferric chloride obtained from other metal chloride contaminants by reaction with the iron oxide.

Abstract: Coal hydrogenation catalyst is recovered from coal hydrogenation residues containing carbonaceous matter, coal ash and catalyst by contacting such residues with oxygen and steam under conditions to provide H.sub.2 and CO containing gases and fused ash which contains catalyst, contacting the fused ash with a reactant which will react with the catalyst to form a catalyst compound which is volatile at the temperature of the fused ash and withdrawing vaporized catalyst compound from the fused ash. The vaporized catalyst may be condensed and dissolved in a solvent liquid to form a solution of catalyst for application to coal to be hydrogenated.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for the manufacture of metal chlorides by the double-decomposition reaction between a metal chlorinating agent and a metal oxide having greater affinity for chlorine than does the oxide of the metal chloride, and in the presence of small amounts of boron chloride or functionally equivalent boron compounds that increase the rate and degree of completion of the reaction.A major application of this invention is for the making by the chlorination of clay of aluminum chloride and alumina intermediates for the manufacture of aluminum metal.SiCl.sub.4 is formed in the carbo-chlorination of clay or other aluminous-siliceous ores. The SiCl.sub.4 by this invention is catalyzed with BCl.sub.3 and reacted with calcined clay to produce AlCl.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2. The practical use of SiCl.sub.4 to make AlCl.sub.3 thus eliminates the previous costly burden of waste SiCl.sub.4 production.

Abstract: A process for beneficiating titaniferous ores to a product having a lower percentage content of silicates, and other inerts comprising, at temperatures of 900.degree.-1100.degree. C., passing chlorine through a bed comprising (a) a first fraction of particulate titaniferous ore having about 90% of large particles, (b) a second fraction having about 90% small particles and (c) carbon in an amount equal to 10-30%, by weight, of the total titaniferous ore present, and removing freed silicates and inerts and by-product iron chloride thereby consuming (b) with the titanium dioxide values present in (b) being substituted for iron oxide values present in (a). The beneficiated ore is useful as an intermediate for preparing titanium dioxide pigments.

Abstract: Ferruginous titaniferous material is chlorinated with chlorine for producing a product stream of titanium chlorides and by-product metallic iron in a laminar flow process.

Abstract: A method wherein a quartz tube is charged with chunks of metallurgical grade silicon and/or a mixture of such chunks and high purity quartz sand, and impurities from a class including aluminum, boron, and the like, as well as certain transition metals including nickel, iron, manganese and the like. The tube is then evacuated and heated to a temperature within a range of 800.degree. C. to 1400.degree. C., whereupon a stream of gas comprising a reactant, such as silicon tetrafluoride, continuously is delivered at low pressures through the charge for causing a metathetical reaction of impurities of the silicon and the reactant to occur for forming a volatile halide and leaving a residue of silicon of an improved purity. Additionally, the reactant may include carbon monoxide gas, whereby impurites such as iron and nickel react therewith to form volatile carbonyls.

Abstract: A process for recovering aluminum from fly ash containing iron, silicon and titanium which comprises: (a) chlorinating the fly ash in an oxidizing atmosphere to selectively chlorinate and vaporize iron chloride from the remaining chlorides, (b) chlorinating the residue from step (a) in a reducing atmosphere of carbon monoxide, in the presence of added silicon chloride to suppress the chlorination of silicon, and vaporizing the chlorides of aluminum, silicon, titanium, and the residual iron, (c) separating and recovering the vaporized chlorides by selective condensation, and treating the residue of step (b) with sulfuric acid to convert calcium chloride to gypsum, and to regenerate a chloridizing and binder solution for pelletizing fly ash feed.

Abstract: A novel class of extractants and a method of using the extractants in the hydrometallurgical recovery of nickel and cobalt metal. The extractants comprise a water immiscible organic solvent system containing solubilized mercaptide anions. In an important embodiment of the invention, the mercaptide anions are generated by solubilizing an alkali metal mercaptide in a polar organic solvent capable of solvating alkali metal ions. Alternatively, an organic solution of a mercaptan is exposed to an aqueous solution of NaOH or KOH to produce the mercaptide anion.The extractants are used by being contacted with cobalt, nickel, or cobalt and nickel pregnant aqueous solutions. On mixing, the cobalt and/or nickel values are taken up by the organic as cobalt or nickel mercaptides. These may then be stripped of cobalt and nickel by treatment with an aqueous alkaline solution and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A novel class of extractants and a method of using the extractants in the hydrometallurgical recovery of nickel and cobalt metal. The extractants comprise a water immiscible organic solvent system containing solubilized mercaptide anion. In an important embodiment of the invention, the mercaptide anions are generated by adding compounds containing both a thiol group and an amine group such as aminoethanethiols or amides of thioglycolic acids to water immiscible organic solvents, preferably of polar character. These systems generate the required mercaptide anions by undergoing an internal acid dissociation.The extractants are used by being contacted with cobalt, nickel, or cobalt and nickel pregnant aqueous solutions. On mixing, the cobalt and/or nickel values are taken up by the organic as cobalt and nickel mercaptides. These may then be stripped of cobalt and nickel by treatment with an aqueous alkaline solution and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A novel class of extractants and a method of using the extractants in the hydrometallurgical recovery of nickel and cobalt metal. The extractants comprise a water immiscible organic solvent system containing solubilized mercaptide anions. In an important embodiment of the invention, the mercaptide ions are generated by adding a mercaptan to a mixed water immiscible solvent comprising a basic compound such as an amine, preferably a tertiary amine, and a polar component such as an alcohol, whereby the mercaptan undergoes acid dissociation.The extractants are used by being contacted with cobalt, nickel, or cobalt and nickel containing aqueous solutions. On mixing, the cobalt and/or nickel values are taken up by the organic as cobalt or nickel mercaptides. These may then be stripped of cobalt and nickel by treatment with an aqueous alkaline solution and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A novel process for extracting, concentrating, and isolating nickel and cobalt from aqueous solution thereof. A cobalt and/or nickel bearing solution is contacted with an extractant comprising a substantially water immiscible organic solvent containing solubilized mercaptide anion to form water insoluble cobalt and nickel mercaptides in the organic phase. The organic phase is then separated from the raffinate and contacted with an alkaline solution and carbon monoxide to produce nickel and cobalt carbonyl compounds. Typically, the nickel carbonyl produced is gaseous Ni(CO).sub.4 which may be easily isolated by known methods from other components in the off-gas stream. Pure nickel metal is then obtained from the nickel tetracarbonyl by known methods. The cobalt carbonyl compound produced is typically water soluble carbonyl cobaltate ion, Co(CO).sub.4.sup.-, which may be oxidized to form water insoluble cobalt carbonyl compounds.