Ion Exchanging Or Liquid-liquid Extracting Patents (Class 423/157)
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Patent number: 5443731Abstract: A process for extracting technetium values from an aqueous alkaline solution containing at least one alkali metal hydroxide and at least one alkali metal nitrate, the at least one alkali metal nitrate having a concentration of from about 0.1 to 6 molar. The solution is contacted with a solvent consisting of a crown ether in a diluent for a period of time sufficient to selectively extract the technetium values from the aqueous alkaline solution. The solvent containing the technetium values is separated from the aqueous alkaline solution and the technetium values are stripped from the solvent.Type: GrantFiled: July 21, 1994Date of Patent: August 22, 1995Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventors: Bruce A. Moyer, Richard A. Sachleben, Peter V. Bonnesen
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Patent number: 5409680Abstract: A process for removing alkaline earth metal impurities (e.g. calcium and magnesium ions) from an aqueous alkali metal chlorate solution which includes adding sufficient alkali metal carbonate or hydroxide or both to the impure solution to raise the pH to above 9 and form alkaline earth metal precipitates which are then removed from the pH-adjusted solution (e.g. by microfiltration). This process can lower the level of these impurities from about 1-20 ppm to less than about 0.3 ppm or less.Type: GrantFiled: March 18, 1994Date of Patent: April 25, 1995Assignee: Olin CorporationInventors: Jerry J. Kaczur, David W. Cawlfield, Julian F. Watson
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Patent number: 5399322Abstract: Discussed is a process for recovering metals and metal-containing products, such as a nickel sulfate product, from aqueous feed solutions comprising two or more dissolved metals. A selected metal is isolated and in a purified form in an aqueous raffinate phase from solvent extraction of nonselected metals using an organic phase containing a salt of an organic acid and the selected metal. Aqueous feed solution may result from leaching operations, including leaching of nickel-containing catalyst, such as catalyst used in hydrogenation of vegetable oils.Type: GrantFiled: October 15, 1992Date of Patent: March 21, 1995Assignee: Hazen Research, Inc.Inventor: Enzo Coltrinari
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Patent number: 5368736Abstract: An extraction chromatographic method for the preparation of .sup.90 Y of high chemical and radiochemical purity is disclosed. After an initial purification of a .sup.90 Sr stock solution and a suitable period of .sup.90 Y ingrowth, the solution is passed through a series of strontium-selective chromatographic columns, each of which lowers the .sup.90 Sr content of the mixture by a factor of about 10.sup.3. The .sup.90 Y remaining is freed from any residual .sup.90 Sr, from its .sup.90 Zr daughter, and from any remaining impurities by passing the sample through a final column designed to selectively retain yttrium.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 1993Date of Patent: November 29, 1994Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventors: Philip E. Horwitz, Mark L. Dietz
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Patent number: 5332531Abstract: Thermodynamically-unstable complexing agents which are diphosphonic acids and diphosphonic acid derivatives (or sulphur containing analogs), like carboxyhydroxymethanediphosphonic acid and vinylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, are capable of complexing with metal ions, and especially metal ions in the II, III, IV, V and VI oxidation states, to form stable, water-soluble metal ion complexes in moderately alkaline to highly-acidic media. However, the complexing agents can be decomposed, under mild conditions, into non-organic compounds which, for many purposes are environmentally-nondamaging compounds thereby degrading the complex and releasing the metal ion for disposal or recovery. Uses for such complexing agents as well as methods for their manufacture are also described.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 1992Date of Patent: July 26, 1994Assignee: Arch Development CorporationInventors: Earl P. Horwitz, Ralph C. Gatrone, Kenneth L. Nash
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Patent number: 5330731Abstract: A process for selective separation of strontium-82 and strontium-85 from proton irradiated molybdenum targets is provided and includes dissolving the molybdenum target in a hydrogen peroxide solution to form a first ion-containing solution, passing the first ion-containing solution through a first cationic resin whereby ions selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, niobium, technetium, selenium, vanadium, arsenic, germanium, zirconium and rubidium remain in the first ion-containing solution while ions selected from the group consisting of rubidium, zinc, beryllium, cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium, strontium, yttrium and zirconium are selectively adsorbed by the first resin, contacting the first resin with an acid solution capable of stripping adsorbed ions from the first cationic exchange resin whereby the adsorbed ions are removed from the first resin to form a second ion-containing solution, evaporating the second ion-containing solution for time sufficient to remove substantially all of the acidType: GrantFiled: November 25, 1992Date of Patent: July 19, 1994Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Untied States Department of EnergyInventors: Richard C. Heaton, David J. Jamriska, Sr., Wayne A. Taylor
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Patent number: 5282938Abstract: A method for the continuous treatment of air pollution control residues from various resource recovery systems whereby the air pollution control residue is treated with a dilute salt extracting solution at a pH chosen to maximize the recovery of lead, for a reaction time chosen to maximize the recovery of lead, and for a number of recycles chosen to maximize the recovery of lead from the particular residue being treated. Other metals and dissolved salts can also be recovered from the extracting solution. Thus by monitoring these three variables for each batch of residue, and adjusting the extracting solution accordingly, residue from various sources and of varying composition can be treated efficiently and continuously to remove hazardous metals and dissolved salts from the residue. Bottom residue fines, alone or admixed with air pollution control residues, can also be treated in accordance with the process of the invention.Type: GrantFiled: February 13, 1992Date of Patent: February 1, 1994Inventors: Irene Legiec, David S. Kosson, Jean-Luc Ontiveros, Tracey L. Clapp
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Patent number: 5266282Abstract: Yttrium is selectively separated from other rare earth values by contacting a mixed aqueous solution thereof that contains nitrate ions with a water-immiscible organic phase which includes a selective extractant for such other rare earth values, whereby such other rare earth values are selectively liquid/liquid extracted into this organic phase, the selective extractant comprising:(a) an anionic compound having the general formula (I): ##STR1## in which M is nitrogen, phosphorus or arsenic, Z is an anion, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be identical or different, are each an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms or an aromatic radical, and(b) a substituted hydroxyquinoline having the general formula (II): ##STR2## in which R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.Type: GrantFiled: April 4, 1991Date of Patent: November 30, 1993Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc ChimieInventors: Thierry Delloye, Jean-Louis Sabot
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Patent number: 5225173Abstract: Methods and devices for the separation of a radioactive rare earth metal isotopes or a radioactive isotope of yttrium or scandium from their alkaline earth metal precursors with ionizable dibenzo ether derivatives.Type: GrantFiled: October 25, 1991Date of Patent: July 6, 1993Assignee: Idaho Research Foundation, Inc.Inventor: Chien M. Wai
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Patent number: 5190735Abstract: A process for selective separation of germanium-68 from proton irradiated molybdenum targets is provided and includes dissolving the molybdenum target in a hydrogen peroxide solution to form a first ion-containing solution, contacting the first ion-containing solution with a cationic resin whereby ions selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, niobium, technetium, selenium, vanadium, arsenic, germanium, zirconium and rubidium remain in a second ion-containing solution while ions selected from the group consisting of rubidium, zinc, beryllium, cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium, strontium, yttrium and zirconium are selectively adsorbed by the first resin, adjusting the pH of the second ion-containing solution to within a range of from about 0.7 to about 3.Type: GrantFiled: March 30, 1992Date of Patent: March 2, 1993Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventors: Dennis R. Phillips, David J. Jamriska, Sr., Virginia T. Hamilton
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Patent number: 5169609Abstract: The transuranic (TRU) elements neptunium, plutonium and americium can be separated together with strontium from nitric acid waste solutions in a single process. An extractant solution of a crown ether and an alkyl(phenyl)-N,N-dialkylcarbanylmethylphosphine oxide in an appropriate diluent will extract the TRU's together with strontium, uranium and technetium. The TRU's and the strontium can then be selectively stripped from the extractant for disposal.Type: GrantFiled: June 19, 1991Date of Patent: December 8, 1992Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventors: E. Philip Horwitz, Mark L. Dietz
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Patent number: 5167939Abstract: The aqueous alkali chloride solution is coarsely purified first. In the succeeding fine purifier the solution, which contains calcium ions, magnesium ions and undissolved magnesium compounds, is passed through a plurality of purification stages (ion exchange stages), which contain cation exchange granulate. In the fine purifier the solution having a pH value of about 10 to 11 is passed through a first ion exchange stage and the solution coming from the first ion exchange is acidified to decrease its pH value by at least 0.5. The solution is subsequently passed through at least one second ion exchange stage and a solution which is virtually free of undissolved magnesium compounds is withdrawn from the fine purification means. The acidified solution fed to the second ion exchange stage has preferably a pH value of 5 to 10.Type: GrantFiled: August 7, 1991Date of Patent: December 1, 1992Assignee: Metallgesellschaft AktiengesellschaftInventors: Karl Lohrberg, Rainer Dworak
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Patent number: 5118478Abstract: The purpose of the process is to remove and to recover metals from their aqueous solution by the extraction process. As extractant is used monoesters of phosponic acid wherein the alkyl group is a phenyl-vinyl group or straight-chained and the ester group is straight-chained. The particular advantage of the process is that the metals can be removed from aqueous solutions to be treated without neutralization of the acid quantity produced during extraction, and this acid solution produced can be circulated e.g. to the stage before the extraction. The process can be used to the removing of metals from the industrial waste waters.Type: GrantFiled: August 29, 1988Date of Patent: June 2, 1992Assignee: Outokumpu OyInventors: Bror G. Nyman, Leif E. I. Hummelstedt
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Patent number: 5110474Abstract: A method and apparatus for extracting strontium and technetium values from biological, industrial and environmental sample solutions using a chromatographic column is described. An extractant medium for the column is prepared by generating a solution of a diluent containing a Crown ether and dispersing the solution on a resin substrate material. The sample solution is highly acidic and is introduced directed to the chromatographic column and strontium or technetium is eluted using deionized water.Type: GrantFiled: April 9, 1990Date of Patent: May 5, 1992Assignee: Arch Development CorporationInventors: E. Philip Horwitz, Mark L. Dietz
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Patent number: 4971729Abstract: An ion exchange material comprises an oxide of a first element selected from elements of Groups IVa, IVb, Va, Vb, VIa, VIb, VIIa, or lanthanide or actinide series of the Periodic Table, in combination with an oxide of at least one different element selected from elements of the afore-mentioned groups of the Periodic Table so as to form a composite material. For example, a composite ion exchange material may comprise silicon dioxide and manganese dioxide. By selecting the appropriate oxides a composite ion exchange material can be prepared which has greater mechanical and/or chemical stability than an individual oxide of the composite material.Type: GrantFiled: January 4, 1990Date of Patent: November 20, 1990Assignee: British Nuclear Fuels plcInventor: David A. White
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Patent number: 4876036Abstract: A process for the extraction of cations from an aqueous effluent. An effective quantity of at least one polymer or copolymer, which is physically or chemically crosslinked, is introduced into the aqueous effluent. The polymer or copolymer is based on one or more units selected from salified acrylic acid, quarternized acrylic acid, and a copolymer comprising from 40 to 60 mole % of acrylic acid and from 60 to 40 mole % of at least one dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate in which each alkyl group contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. This process is used to treat aqueous effluents.Type: GrantFiled: December 18, 1987Date of Patent: October 24, 1989Assignee: Societe Chimique des Charbonnages S.A.Inventors: Sauveur Candau, Maurice Leroy, Jean-Pierre Brunette, Paul Mallo, Jean-Francois Loret, Gilles Waton
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Patent number: 4861564Abstract: The compounds of the invention comprise the condensation product, as well as derivatives thereof, of two equivalents of a trimethyl cyclohexane-anhydride acid chloride derivative with one equivalent of an aromatic diamine. The scope of the invention includes the method of using the compounds of the invention as chelating agents for metals, metal ions or ions of metal complexes. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the binding moieties of the cyclohexane derivatives are rigidly held opposite each other, by restricting their rotation about the N-C aryl bonds, in order to more effectively bind the metals or the ions.Type: GrantFiled: October 2, 1987Date of Patent: August 29, 1989Assignee: Year Laboratories, Inc.Inventor: Julius Rebek
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Patent number: 4834952Abstract: Purified barium salts essentially devoid of strontium impurities, e.g., highly pure barium carbonate, are produced by liquid/liquid extracting an aqueous solution of impure barium values with an organic solvent medium which comprises at least one water-insoluble carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid monoester, or substituted 8-hydroxyquinoline extractant. The mixture of extraction is separated into a purified aqueous phase containing the desired barium salt values and an organic phase containing the impurity values sought to be removed.Type: GrantFiled: March 2, 1987Date of Patent: May 30, 1989Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc ChimieInventors: Alain Rollat, Jean-Louis Sabot
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Patent number: 4826663Abstract: The invention relates to a zirconium phosphate in particles having sizes comprised within the range of from 1 to 100 .mu.m, a lamellar structure with interlayer distance, in the anhydrous state, comprised within the range of from 7.9 to 8.2 .ANG. and a surface area comprised within the range of from 9 to 20 m.sup.2 /g.The method consists in altering the lamellar structure of a zirconium phosphate with layer structure of alpha type by intercalating into it an organic substance containing a proton-acceptor group and water and by a treatment with ultrasounds, in regenerating the hydrogen form of said zirconium phosphate by an acid and in washing the same with diluted acids and/or water.Type: GrantFiled: May 13, 1986Date of Patent: May 2, 1989Assignee: Eniricerche S.p.A.Inventors: Giulio Alberti, Francesco Bartoli, Umberto Constantino, Francesco Di Gregorio, Claudio Valentini
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Patent number: 4818503Abstract: The purpose of the process is to remove and to recover metals from their aqueous solution by the extraction process. As extractant is used monoesters of phosphonic acid wherein the alkyl group is a phenyl-vinyl group or straight-chained and the ester group is straight-chained. The particular advantage of the process is that the metals can be removed from aqueous solutions to be treated without neutralization of the acid quantity produced during extraction, and this acid solution produced can be circulated e.g. to the stage before the extraction. The process can be used to the removing of metals from the industrial waste waters.Type: GrantFiled: September 8, 1987Date of Patent: April 4, 1989Assignee: Outokumpu OyInventors: Bror G. Nyman, Leif Erik I. Hummelstedt
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Patent number: 4818504Abstract: Barium compounds containing contaminating amounts of strontium, e.g., barium salts, are effectively purified, notably into barium values suitable for conversion into specialty grade barium carbonate and titanate, by intimately contacting and liquid/liquid extracting aqueous solutions thereof with an organic solvent phase comprising at least one essentially water insoluble --CH.sub.2 --R' substituted 8-hydroxy-quinoline extractant.Type: GrantFiled: April 28, 1988Date of Patent: April 4, 1989Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc ChimieInventors: Thierry Delloye, Jean-Louis Sabot
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Patent number: 4749518Abstract: Cesium is extracted from acidified nuclear waste by contacting the waste with a bis 4,4'(5) [1-hydroxy-2-ethylhexyl]benzo 18-crown-6 compound and a cation exchanger in a matrix solution. Strontium is extracted from acidified nuclear waste by contacting the waste with a bis 4,4'(5') [1-hydroxyheptyl]cyclohexo 18-crown-6 compound, and a cation exchanger in a matrix solution.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 1985Date of Patent: June 7, 1988Assignee: University of South CarolinaInventors: Milton W. Davis, Jr., Charles B. Bowers, Jr.
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Patent number: 4747957Abstract: Hardness values (Ca.sup.++ and Mg.sup.++) and other polyvalent metal cations are removed from alkali metal brines (esp. NaCl) by using a high surface area ethylene/carboxylic acid polymer (esp. porous ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers).Type: GrantFiled: September 16, 1985Date of Patent: May 31, 1988Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: Walter L. Vaughn, Harry S. Burney, Robert D. Spradling, Robert R. Frable
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Patent number: 4726938Abstract: Aqueous nitric solutions of salts of at least one rare earth, and containing contaminating amounts of at least one alkaline earth cation, e.g., calcium, barium and/or radium, are conveniently purified by liquid/liquid extracting same with an organic phase which comprises a polyether extractant for said at least one alkaline earth cation, e.g., a crown ether, and whereby said at least one alkaline earth cation is selectively transferred into said organic phase.Type: GrantFiled: January 15, 1986Date of Patent: February 23, 1988Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc Specialites ChimiquesInventors: Alain Rollat, Jean-Louis Sabot, Michel Burgard, Thierry Delloye
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Patent number: 4721605Abstract: A process for the extraction of metals selected from the group consisting of zinc (II), silver (I), cadmium (II), mercury (II), nickel (II), cobalt (II), and copper (II) from an aqueous solution containing, in addition to said metals, metals selected from the group consisting of calcium (II) and magnesium (II) is disclosed. The process comprises contacting the aqueous solution having an equilibrium pH within the range of about 0.2 to about 3 with an extractant. The extractant comprises an organic-soluble dithiophosphinic acid or ammonium, alkali or alkaline earth metal salt thereof represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylcycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, aralkyl and cycloalkylaryl radicals having from about 2 to about 24 carbon atoms and X is either hydrogen or an ammonium, alkali or alkaline earth metal salt forming radical.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 1985Date of Patent: January 26, 1988Assignee: American Cyanamid CompanyInventors: Timothy J. Brown, William A. Rickelton, Richard J. Boyle
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Patent number: 4707347Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of potassium sulfate from potassium chloride by means of a sulfate-laden anion exchanger, according to which as reaction solution, the exchanger is intensively contacted with a saturated potassium chloride solution, after saturation with potassium sulfate, and thereupon again separated, whereupon from this solution the crystals formed therein are separated, while the depleted anion exchanger is regenerated by intensive contact with a magnesium sulfate solution.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 1986Date of Patent: November 17, 1987Assignee: Kali und SalzInventors: Sandor Vajna, Gerd Peuschel
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Patent number: 4664888Abstract: A rough cut catalyst/vapor separator for fluid catalyst cracking risers which is located at the outlet of a riser and causes the oil-catalyst mixture to undergo a tight, 180 degree downward turn. The centrifugal separator is equivalent to one-half a turn inside a cyclone and causes most of the catalyst to move to the wall. Most of the oil vapors are squeezed out away from the wall. At the end of the separator is a shave-off scoop positioned to divide a predominantly catalyst phase from a predominantly oil phase. The shave-off scoops conduct the catalyst phase away from the center of the vessel and deposit it near the vessel wall where its downward flow is continued under the action of gravity. The oil vapor phase continue its downward flow for a while but then must undergo a 180 degree turn and flow upward to exit the vessel through a series of conventional cyclone separators. The second 180 degree turn of the oil vapors help separate catalyst which is not caught by the shave-off scoop.Type: GrantFiled: June 27, 1985Date of Patent: May 12, 1987Assignee: Texaco Inc.Inventor: Leonce F. Castagnos, Jr.
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Patent number: 4652375Abstract: A process is provided wherein dissolved salts are selectively extracted from aqueous saline media by contacting the aqueous media with a solvent comprising a water insoluble organic diluent such as kerosene and a surfactant capable of effecting a preferntial transfer of solubilized salts in the aqueous media into the non-aqueous phase.Type: GrantFiled: February 18, 1986Date of Patent: March 24, 1987Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Israel J. Heilweil, Tsoung Y. Yan
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Patent number: 4624704Abstract: Zinc is extracted from an aqueous zinc containing brine (3) by contacting the brine with an organic reagent (5) consisting essentially of an extracting agent comprising a quaternary amine salt, a phase modifier, and an organic diluent so as to form a zinc amine complex (7) whereby a substantial portion of the zinc ions in the brine is transferred to the organic phase. The quaternary amine salt is a methyl triakyl ammonium chloride herein the alkyl groups contain from 8 to 10 carbon atoms. The zinc amine complex (7) is then contacted with an aqueous strippant (11) comprising a solution of sodium sulfate in water so as to form a sulfated quaternary amine salt whereby a substantial portion of zinc in the zinc amine complex is stripped therefrom and transferred to the aqueous phase as an aqueous zinc chloride solution (13) from which zinc may be recovered by electrowinning or chemical precipitation.Type: GrantFiled: October 2, 1985Date of Patent: November 25, 1986Assignee: Combustion Engineering, Inc.Inventor: John J. Byeseda
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Patent number: 4610861Abstract: A multistage countercurrent solvent extraction process for removing cobalt from an aqueous sulfate solutions containing saturation amounts of calcium using an organic soluble phosphinic acid as the extractant preferably characterized by control of pH in various stages of the process to minimize scaling of gypsum in the extraction equipment.Type: GrantFiled: August 19, 1985Date of Patent: September 9, 1986Assignee: Inco LimitedInventor: Juraj Babjak
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Patent number: 4600435Abstract: Nickel and cobalt contained in aqueous sulfate solution are separately recovered by counter-current solvent extraction using a cobalt-selective organic extractant while scaling of equipment and cobalt recycle are minimized by controlling aqueous pH at the extraction, scrubbing and stripping stages to maximize cobalt loading and selectivity of the extractant while loading scale-causing ions such as calcium and magnesium in the extractant and removing them from the circuit with the aqueous cobalt strip solution.Type: GrantFiled: August 24, 1984Date of Patent: July 15, 1986Assignee: AMAX Inc.Inventors: Ben W. Wiegers, Eddie C. J. Chou, John D. Bruno, Helen S. Leaver
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Patent number: 4595666Abstract: Spent catalysts removed from a catalytic hydrogenation process for hydrocarbon feedstocks, and containing carbon undesired metals contaminants deposits, are rejuvenated for reuse. Following solvent washing to remove process oils, the catalyst is treated either with chemicals which form sulfate or oxysulfate compounds with the metals contaminants, or with acids which remove the metal contaminants, such as 5-50 W % sulfuric acid in aqueous solution and 0-10 W % ammonium ion solutions to substantially remove the metals deposits. The acid treating occurs within the temperature range of 60.degree.-250.degree. F. for 5-120 minutes at substantially atmospheric pressure, after which the rejuvenated catalyst containing carbon deposits can be effectively reused in the catalytic hydrogenation process.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1984Date of Patent: June 17, 1986Assignee: HRI, Inc.Inventor: Partha S. Ganguli
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Patent number: 4587004Abstract: Disclosed is a process for beneficiating oil-shale wherein the oil-shale is treated in a first stage with an aqueous ammonium salt solution and in a second stage and optionally a third stage in the presence of a solution containing ammonium ions/ammonia, or both. The pH of the first stage is from about 5 to 9, and the pH of the second and third stages are from about 0.5 to 5 or about 9 to 12 with the proviso that the pH of the second and third stage is not in the same range.Type: GrantFiled: December 27, 1984Date of Patent: May 6, 1986Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Co.Inventors: Michael Siskin, Glen Brons
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Patent number: 4575454Abstract: New compounds have been prepared from dicyclopentadiene bis(methylamine) which have the following formula ##STR1## wherein substituents A, B, X and Y each are independently selected from radicals including hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl (wherein the alkyl group contains 2-6 carbon atoms) phosphonic, sulfonic, hydroxyethyl- and hydroxypropylsulfonic, methylenephosphonic methylene-, ethylene- and propylenesulfonic, alkylcarboxylic acid radicals (having 2-4 carbon atoms) and the alkali or alkaline earth metal, ammonia and amine salts of any of the phosphonic, sulfonic or carboxylic acid derivatives. At least one of the substituents must be other than a hydrogen. These compounds are useful chelating agents and those containing the methylenephosphonic substituents are good threshold agents.Type: GrantFiled: May 21, 1984Date of Patent: March 11, 1986Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventor: David A. Wilson
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Patent number: 4521386Abstract: A process for the recovery of magnesium from sea water, brine or impure magnesium salt solutions using an extraction technique with solvents to obtain a concentrate and pure magnesium salt solution or a high purity crystallized magnesium salt. The process consists of two basic stages, high selectivity magnesium extraction and re-extraction with an organic phase as an intermediate vehicle.Type: GrantFiled: November 2, 1983Date of Patent: June 4, 1985Inventors: Gustavo D. Nogueira, Jose M. R. Vega, Eduardo D. Nogueira
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Patent number: 4504458Abstract: Gypsum as a byproduct in the manufacture of phosphoric acid is converted into potassium sulphate or sodium sulphate by subjecting an aqueous slurry to anion exchange under acidic conditions. Adding solid potassium chloride to the obtained solution of potassium sulphate causes the latter to crystallize in pure state, the potassium chloride solution recovered after filtering off the crystallized potassium sulphate being used for the regeneration of the anion exchanger.Type: GrantFiled: September 1, 1983Date of Patent: March 12, 1985Assignee: Superfos A/SInventor: Knud C. B. Knudsen
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Patent number: 4500498Abstract: Anhydrous zinc chloride is produced from an aqueous feed solution containing zinc chloride from an aqueous feed solution containing zinc chloride. The zinc chloride is extracted onto an organic extractant known to the art such as tributyl phosphate, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, and quaternary amine salts. The loaded extractant is then stripped with aqueous stripping solution containing ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide. The zinc ammine chloride formed in this aqueous stripping solution is separated from the stripping solution and can then be heated to form anhydrous zinc chloride and ammonia. This anhydrous zinc chloride is suitable as a feed material to a fused salt electrolysis process for the production of zinc.Type: GrantFiled: January 19, 1984Date of Patent: February 19, 1985Assignee: Cato Research, Inc.Inventors: Paul R. Kruesi, William H. Kruesi
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Patent number: 4500499Abstract: An improved process for producing stable, high purity alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ferrate salt products is disclosed. In this process, crude ferrate salts, after being precipitated and separated from a chilled mother liquor, are purified first with a chilled anhydrous, water miscible extraction solvent to remove residual process contaminants therefrom followed by chilled oxidation resistant rinse solvent step, miscible with said extractant, followed by a drying step so as to produce a stable, purified ferrate product which can be safely stored without special provisions. Both batch and continuous modes of operation are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 1983Date of Patent: February 19, 1985Assignee: Olin CorporationInventors: Jerry J. Kaczur, John E. Coleman
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Patent number: 4491514Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing mineral matter from oil-shale which method comprises contacting the oil-shale with (a) an ammonium salt solution, and (b) a nonionic surfactant at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. for a time which is sufficient to substantially separate at least about 80 wt. % of the carbonate mineral matter of the oil-shale.Type: GrantFiled: April 16, 1984Date of Patent: January 1, 1985Assignee: Exxon Research & Engineering Co.Inventors: Michael Siskin, Glen B. Brons
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Patent number: 4491513Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing mineral matter from oil-shale by contacting the oil-shale with (a) an ammonium salt solution and (b) an organic solvent, at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. for a time which is sufficient to substantially separate at least about 80 wt. % of the carbonate mineral matter from the oil-shale.Type: GrantFiled: April 16, 1984Date of Patent: January 1, 1985Assignee: Exxon Research & Engineering Co.Inventors: Michael Siskin, Glen B. Brons
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Patent number: 4490238Abstract: Disclosed is a process for beneficiating oil-shale wherein the oil-shale is treated with an aqueous ammonium salt solution at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: April 16, 1984Date of Patent: December 25, 1984Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Co.Inventor: Michael Siskin
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Patent number: 4477355Abstract: A method for removing and recovering ammonium and/or potassium and/or phosphate ions from wastewater is presented which comprises:permitting said wastewater to pass through at least one bed of ion-exchange resins capable of removing selectively those nutrient ionsregenerating those ion-exchange resins with a Na Cl solution or other suitable regenerant solutions so that said nutrient ions may be obtained in a much more concentrated formadding to said regeneration eluates (or, eventually, directly to wastewater) at least one Mg salt, in proper pH conditions so as to precipitate hydrous MgNH.sub.4 PO.sub.4 and/or MgKPO.sub.4, slightly soluble salts of great agronomic value.Type: GrantFiled: March 30, 1983Date of Patent: October 16, 1984Inventors: Lorenzo Liberti, Gianfranco Boari, Roberto Passino
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Patent number: 4474738Abstract: The present invention is directed to the removal of phosphorous material, such as apatite from phosphorous bearing materials, preferably those having a particle size less than 0.25 mm. The beneficiation treatment process comprises treating an aqueous phosphatic slurry with an alkaline EDTA complexing material. After contacting the aqueous mineral slurry with the complexing agent for a sufficient period of time, the divalent cation of apatite is complexed with the complexing material, which in turn releases the associated anionic species of apatite into solution for removal and recovery.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 1982Date of Patent: October 2, 1984Inventor: R. Torrence Martin
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Patent number: 4454240Abstract: Spent catalysts removed from a catalytic hydrogenation process for hydrocarbon feedstocks, and containing undesired metals contaminants deposits, are regenerated. Following solvent washing to remove process oils, the catalyst is treated either with chemicals which form sulfate or oxysulfate compounds with the metals contaminants, or with acids which remove the metal contaminants, such as 5-50 W % sulfuric acid in aqueous solution and 0-10 W % ammonium ion solutions to substantially remove the metals deposits. The acid treating occurs within the temperature range of 60.degree.-250.degree. F. for 5-120 minutes at substantially atmospheric pressure. Carbon deposits are removed from the treated catalyst by carbon burnoff at 800.degree.-900.degree. F. temperature, using 1-6 V % oxygen in an inert gas mixture, after which the regenerated catalyst can be effectively reused in the catalytic process.Type: GrantFiled: November 2, 1981Date of Patent: June 12, 1984Assignee: HRI, Inc.Inventor: Partha S. Ganguli
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Patent number: 4431615Abstract: The recovery of substantially pure magnesium and/or nickel sulphite which is present in a solid starting meterial. The latter is treated with gaseous SO.sub.2 in water, the solution obtained is treated by a liquid-liquid extraction, to give an aqueous phase and an organic phase and the magnesium and/or nickel sulphite is recovered from the aqueous phase. With this process, it is possible to obtain a magnesium salt of high purity.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1982Date of Patent: February 14, 1984Assignee: Gouvernement du QuebecInventor: Georges Gabra
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Patent number: 4430227Abstract: Method of concentrating aqueous solutions of non-volatile, ionic solutes by extracting water from the solution by means of a polar organic liquid (or a solution of a polar organic liquid and a non-polar organic liquid) at an elevated temperature and cooling the organic liquid to separate a water phase, the extractant and the temperatures being chosen such that water has a relatively high solubility in the extractant at the higher temperature and a relatively low solubility at the lower temperature; the extractant being also chosen to meet certain other criteria such as inertness toward the solution and equipment. Advantage is taken of the diminished activity coefficient of water in polar organic liquids at elevated temperatures and in the case of certain solutions, advantage is also taken of the increased activity coefficient of water in aqueous ionic solution at elevated temperatures.Type: GrantFiled: August 18, 1980Date of Patent: February 7, 1984Assignee: The Regents of the University of CaliforniaInventors: Donald N. Hanson, Scott Lynn
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Patent number: 4405574Abstract: Alkaline earth metal ions, e.g., Mg.sup.++ and/or Ca.sup.++, are removed from alkali metal brines, e.g., NaCl, by use of a particulate, macroporous, anion exchange resin containing the in-situ reaction product of polymeric, amorphous, hydrous zirconium oxide and a source of PO.sub.4 ions, e.g., H.sub.3 PO.sub.4.Type: GrantFiled: October 2, 1981Date of Patent: September 20, 1983Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: John M. Lee, William C. Bauman
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Patent number: 4364909Abstract: Removal of Ca.sup.++ values from MgCl.sub.2 brine is accomplished by use of a crystalline zeolite structure of the empirical formula Na.sub.12 [(AlO.sub.2).sub.12 (SiO.sub.2).sub.12 ].nH.sub.2 O, where nH.sub.2 O represents waters of hydration.Type: GrantFiled: March 16, 1981Date of Patent: December 21, 1982Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: John M. Lee, William C. Bauman
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Patent number: 4334999Abstract: A process for extracting metal ions from a water insoluble metal base or salt dispersed in an aqueous solution using liquid ion exchange is described. The liquid ion exchange extractant is an alkyl phosphoric acid or acid phosphate (APA) which is dissolved in a water immiscible organic solvent. In contrast to prior art processes where the metal ion is dissolved in an aqueous solution, the insoluble metal base or salt is one which is reactive from an aqueous solution with the APA to replace one of the acid hydrogens to form an alkyl phosphate metal salt (APS) in the organic solvent. The metal ion can be recovered from the APS in the organic solvent by stripping with an aqueous acidic solution so that the metal ion is removed from the APS to form a metal salt in the aqueous acidic solution and the APA in the organic solvent is regenerated for reuse.Type: GrantFiled: March 3, 1981Date of Patent: June 15, 1982Assignee: Board of Trustees, Michigan State UniversityInventor: David A. Cornwell
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Patent number: H1227Abstract: The invention is a method for the encapsulation of soluble radioactive waste chloride salts containing radionuclides such as strontium, cesium and hazardous wastes such as barium so that they may be permanently stored without future threat to the environment. The process consists of contacting the salts containing the radionuclides and hazardous wastes with certain zeolites which have been found to ion exchange with the radionuclides and to occlude the chloride salts so that the resulting product is leach resistant.Type: GrantFiled: August 14, 1991Date of Patent: September 7, 1993Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Department of EnergyInventors: Michele A. Lewis, Terry R. Johnson