Abstract: The present invention discloses novel solar autoclave equipment, which comprises an autoclave and a steam providing device, wherein said steam providing device is a solar heating device and comprises a plurality of vacuum tubes which are fixedly arranged outdoors and a connecting tube, a tubular water tank is installed in each said vacuum tube in an insertion manner, each said tubular water tank is in the shape of a straight tube with a closed lower end and an open upper end, the upper end of each said tubular water tank stretches out of said corresponding vacuum tube and is communicated with said connecting tube, and a space between the outer surface of the upper end of said tubular water tank and the inner wall of the upper end of said corresponding vacuum tube is sealed; and an inlet of said connecting tube is connected with a condensate water drain outlet of said autoclave, and an outlet of said connecting tube is connected to a steam input port of said autoclave through a compressor.

Abstract: A method of forming a gypsum based product is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of: calcining a mixture of water and gypsum under conditions of raised temperature and pressure within a vessel to produce an alpha-hemihydrate slurry therein; passing the alpha-hemihydrate slurry from the vessel to a mixer for mixing with additional water to produce a settable slurry, which is arranged to set to form the gypsum based product.

Abstract: The present invention resides in a process of recovering nickel and cobalt, regenerating the main raw materials, said process including the steps of: granulometric separation; leaching; neutralization; MHP production in only one stage and the pressure crystallization of magnesium sulphite. The process proposes a way to recovery nickel and cobalt from laterite ores through the atmospheric and heap leaching with staged addition of ore—by size separation—and H2SO4, decreasing the nickel losses and simplifying the neutralization circuit and producing a more purified MHP. The present process route is employed for nickel extraction, including the one from high magnesium containing lateritic ores.

Abstract: Method for industrial manufacture of pure (precipitated) CaCO3 comprising providing at least one naturally occurring carbonate bearing rock and comminuting said rock to increase its surface area. In a first reaction zone (R1) the comminuted carbonate bearing rock is contacted with water and CO2 at a pressure higher than standard pressure, at a temperature in the range 30-500° C. and at a pH lower than 5 to thereby dissolve the carbonate. Dissolved material is conveyed from the first reaction zone (R1) to a second reaction zone (R2) held at a lower pressure than the first reaction zone and a pH higher than that of the first reaction zone, the presence of H+ ions in first and second reaction zones being caused by the reaction between CO2 and water. In the second reaction zone the calcium carbonate is precipitated at a pH higher than 5.

Abstract: Method for industrial manufacture of pure MgCO3 comprising providing an olivine containing species of rock, to comminute the olivine containing species of rock to increase its surface, to contact the comminuted olivine containing species of rock with water and CO2. The process is conducted in at least two steps, namely a first step (R1) at a first pH where a dissolving reacting as represented the equation: Mg2SiO4(S)+4H+=2Mg2++SiO2(aq)+2H2O, takes place. Then a precipitation takes place in the second step (R2) at a higher pH as represented by the equations: Mg2++HCO3?=MgCO3(S)+H+, and Mg2++CO32?=MgCO3(S), the presence of HCO3? and H+ ions mainly provided by the reaction between CO2 and water.

Abstract: Described is a method as well as an apparatus for hydration of a particulate or pulverulent material containing CaO. The method is peculiar in that water is added in a quantity which will ensure that the partial pressure PH2O of the added water as a function of the temperature (° C.) is maintained within the interval defined by the formula (I), where PH2O is the partial pressure of water vapour in atm. and T is the temperature in ° C. Hereby is obtained that the material particles do not lump into agglomerates, and that the particles are hydrated evenly from the outside and inwards so that it is the active surface of the material particles which undergoes hydration in connection with partial hydration. This is due to the fact that the liquid water will not get into contact with the material particles since the water will appear in vapour form within the specified interval.

Abstract: A black composite oxide particle includes a composite oxide having Fe, Mg and Al as metal components. The particle contains Fe, Mg and Al in amounts of 30 to 55 mass %, 1 to 10 mass %, and 1 to 10 mass %, respectively, and has an atomic ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+ of 0.8 to 10. Also described is a method for producing the black composite oxide particle. In an embodiment, the particle includes a hydrated composite oxide represented by an empirical formula: Fe2+aFe3+bMgcAldOe·nH2O. The black composite oxide particle is suitable as a black pigment for a coating material, an ink, toner particles, a rubber and a plastic, and is reduced with respect to the load on the environment and excellent in blackness.

Abstract: An improved method for synthesizing a double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst includes combining a non-aqueous solution of a first metal salt, such as ZnBr2, with a non-aqueous solution of a second metal salt, such as CoBr2, and with a non-aqueous solution of an alkali metal cyanide, such as NaCN, in a single step to synthesize the DMC catalyst, Zn3[Co(CN)6]2.

Abstract: Hydromagnesite-magnesium hydroxide compositions are prepared which, when used as fillers in smoking article wrappers, significantly reduce the amount of sidestream smoke produced by the burning smoking article while providing the smoking article with good subjective characteristics.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a shape-shifted catalyst component comprising (1) contacting a dihydrocarbyloxide magnesium compound with carbon dioxide in the presence of a slurrying agent to form a slurry of a carboxylated dihydrocarbyloxide magnesium compound; (2) adding a filler to the slurry either before or after the carboxylation of step (1); (3) spray drying the slurry of step (2) to evaporate the slurrying agent and to produce solid particles of the carboxylated dihydrocarbyloxide magnesium compound incorporating the filler; and, optionally, (4) heating the solid particles to remove carbon dioxide to produce a shape-shifted dihydrocarbyloxide magnesium compound component. A catalyst system using the component and a polymerization process employing the catalyst system are also provided.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of road deicer products preferably containing calcium magnesium acetate or calcium magnesium acetate/calcium magnesium propionate is provided. The process involves first providing a residual water plant sludge starting material containing calcium and magnesium compounds, and reacting this sludge with stoichiometric quantities of at least acetic acid and more preferably both acetic and propionic acids. The resultant reaction product can then be dried, ground and granulated to provide a dry, free flowing road deicer product.

Abstract: A process for disaggregating boronatrocalcite ore (Ulexite) in an alkaline aqueous medium for the production of sodium borate and calcium borate, characterized in that boronatrocalcite is dispersed in alkaline mother liquor having a H.sub.3 BO.sub.3 /Na.sub.2 O weight ratio ranging from 1.8 to 2.7, at a temperature of 120.degree.-200.degree. C. under autogenous pressure of 2-16 bars, under intense stirring.

Abstract: A process for producing a pure magnesium sulphite from crude crystalline magnesium sulphite. Into a full suspension or flow containing magnesium sulphite crystals at least one further water-containing and heat-supplying flow is led. The heat-supplying flow rapidly increases the temperature of the suspension to above 80.degree. C. in less than 10 seconds, preferably in less than 2 seconds. The solid water-insoluble fraction is then separated from the resulting flow, and the pure product is recrystallized from the solution. The solution may be recycled into the process either for further purification or for use as at least one heat-supplying flow.

Abstract: According to the present invention, processes are provided for recovery of nickel, cobalt and like metal values from laterite ores wherein the ores are separated into high and low magnesium containing fractions, the low magnesium fraction is leached with sulfuric acid at elevated temperatures and pressure to solubilize the metal values. The pregnant liquor resulting from the high pressure which also contains solubilized Fe, Al and acid is then contacted with a low magnesium fraction of the ore in a low pressure leach under conditions such that at least some of the acid is neutralized and substantially all of the solubilized Fe and Al is removed as hematite and alunite precipitate.In one embodiment, the pregnant liquor from the high pressure leach and the high magnesium fraction are contacted at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of about 80.degree. C. prior to low pressure leaching. In other embodiments, various process streams are separated by size and otherwise, and recycled to within the processes.

Abstract: According to the present invention, Ni- and Co-rich, low Mg fines may be advantageously separated from the coarse fractions of lateritic ores by atmospheric or low pressure leaching. In particular, the process of the present invention comprises contacting a lateritic ore or ore fraction at temperatures from about 20.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. and pressures from about atmospheric to about 200 psig with an aqueous acid solution to form a leach liquor, a leach residue and a fines fraction. The fines fraction which can be separated from the residue with the leach liquor by conventional means such as cycloning is found to be richer in Ni and Co and lower than the remainder of the residue.

Abstract: A method of recovering molybdenum oxide as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,127 wherein, however, the temperature in the autoclave and the pressure therein are controlled within narrow ranges by increasing the suspension density of the molybdenum sulfide suspension fed to the autoclave upon a fall in temperature and by adding water to the slurry of molybdenum sulfide concentrate formed before introduction into the autoclave upon an increase in temperature.

Abstract: The scaling of autoclave and leaching-equipment surfaces during the high pressure leaching of nickeliferous oxide and silicate ores is controlled during leaching to favor the formation of scale containing substantial amounts of magnesium sulfate that is more easily removed by chemical dissolution using water or dilute sulfuric acid at temperatures ranging from about 50.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. than scale containing substantial amounts of alunite.

Abstract: A method of recovering molybdenum oxide by oxidation of a molybdenum sulfide concentrate contaminated with impurities wherein the concentrate in an average particle size in the range of 20 to 90 microns is suspended to form an aqueous suspension which is oxidized at elevated temperature and an elevated oxygen partial pressure in an autoclave. The suspension withdrawn from the autoclave is subjected to filtration to remove the molybdenum oxide from the primary filtrate containing sulfuric acid and this filtrate is neutralized with lime to form calcium sulfate which is then removed from the suspension to provide a second filtrate. According to the invention, only this second filtrate is recirculated at a rate such that the suspension density in the oxidation stage is between 100 to 150 g of solids per liter and this suspension density is maintained in the oxidation stage by the recirculation.

Abstract: A lime material and a siliceous material containing 10 to 40% by weight of alumina are admixed with an alkali solution, and the mixture is subjected to hydrothermal reaction with saturated water vapor at 4 to 40 kg/cm.sup.2 to form tobermorite. The reaction mixture is filtered to separate the tobermorite therefrom. A lime material and a gypsum material are added to the resulting filtrate, and the mixture is reacted at room temperature to a temperature of 90.degree. C. to form ettringite. The alkali filtrate separated from the ettringite is reused for the production of tobermorite.

Abstract: A method for producing metallic oxide compounds having a spinel type structure by reacting the beta form of hydrated iron oxide with a salt of an effective metallic cation.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with the demineralization of crustacea shells and the like, before or after protein removal therefrom, with sulfurous acid, thus to convert the calcium carbonate of the shell to calcium bisulfite solution which may be separated from the solid residual shell, and regenerating sulfurous acid from the said solution for reuse in the process.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing impurities such as carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide from acidic fluid solutions using a serpentine material and producing a reaction product comprising recoverable metal values and finely divided silica. In accordance with the process, the serpentine material is slurried with water and is then mixed with an acidic fluid solution including at least one of H.sub.2 CO.sub.3 and H.sub.2 SO.sub.3. In particular, the acid material may be formed by contacting a gaseous component such as carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide directly with water. A waste industrial gas containing carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, or a mixture of the two is an excellent source of gaseous components having utility in connection with this invention.

Abstract: Brine is purified prior to electrolysis by dividing it into two streams, removing sulfate from one of the streams by precipitation with calcium chloride to form calcium sulfate, removing the precipitate and re-combining the streams. Alkali hydroxide plus sodium carbonate are added to the re-combined streams to precipitate calcium carbonate which is removed. Any magnesium comes down as the hydroxide. The brine is then pure enough for electrolysis The calcium sulfate first precipitate is reacted with sodium hydroxide and carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate which is then reacted with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride which is recycled to the process for precipitating calcium sulfate.