Abstract: A method for recovering rare earth metals from zeolite-containing waste FCC catalysts comprises an acid leaching step to remove the rare earth metals from the catalyst to form a leachate containing dissolved rare earth metals and separating the rare earth metals from the leachate such as by precipitation.

Abstract: A method to easily manufacture a nanosized EuSe crystal which has been conventionally difficult to be manufactured. Heating an Eu(III) complex whose general formula is represented by the following formula generates an EuSe crystal having a particle size corresponding to the heating condition. Alternatively, the mixture composed of Eu(III) complex, a counter cation, and a solvent may be heated. The particle size of the nanosized EuSe crystals can be manipulated by the heating condition, thus the absorption wavelength of the EuSe crystals can be easily controlled. In addition, it is easy to create a magnetooptic-responsive plastic using the high dispersibility of the EuSe crystals, thus it can be immediately applied to an optical isolator or other devices.

Abstract: A high purity nano-sized Yb3+ doped Y2O3 (Yb:Y2O3) ceramic powder with a narrow size distribution and without hard agglomerates is provided. Also provided is a process for manufacturing the same wherein water in the reaction bath is replaced by a non-water washing agent having little or no hydrogen bonding capability to inhibit the formation of hard agglomerates in the ceramic powder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering lanthanum from zeolite compounds containing lanthanum which is characterized in that (A) an aqueous acid is added to one or more zeolite compounds containing lanthanum so that there is a pH value of lower than or equal to 3, and (B) dissolved lanthanum is separated out. The method according to the invention makes it possible when recovering lanthanum from zeolites containing lanthanum to dispense with the use of corrosive gases such as chlorine and hydrogen chloride and with corrosive oxidative molten metals, and thus simplifies the apparatus requirements and the process. The present invention makes it possible to recover lanthanum from zeolite compounds containing lanthanum which occur as catalyst waste from large-scale chemical material conversion processes, such as, for example, the Fluid Catalytic Cracking method (FCC method), the hydrocracking method or the Claus process.

Abstract: A method is described for recovering rare earth elements from a solid mixture including a halophosphate and at least one compound of one or more rare earth elements. The method includes: (a) acid etching the mixture; (b) adding a base to bring the pH back up to a value of at least 1.5; (c) etching the solid from step (b) with a solution of soda or potash; (d) acid etching the solid from step (c) until a pH of less than 7 is obtained, resulting in a solid phase and a liquid phase including at least one rare earth salt, and separating the solid phase from the liquid phase.

Abstract: A method of recovering a rare earth constituent from a phosphor is presented. The method can include a number of steps (a) to (d). In step (a), the phosphor is fired with an alkali material under conditions sufficient to decompose the phosphor into a mixture of oxides. A residue containing rare earth oxides is extracted from the mixture in step (b). In step (c), the residue is treated to obtain a solution, which comprises rare earth constituents in salt form. Rare earth constituents are separated from the solution in step (d).

Abstract: An improved LSCF 6428 perovskite material of the type La12zSrx+zCo0.2+aFe0.8+bO3?? wherein x=0.4, z=(0-0.1), a=(0.01-0.04), and b=(0.05-0.15) for use as an SOFC cathode having increased electronic and ionic conductivity. The general formula is similar to the prior art formulae (La0.6Sr0.4)1?zCo0.2Fe0.8O3?? and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3?? but applies the z term to La and Sr independently as well as reducing the overall content of La. Further, by adding a small amount (a) of extra Co ions, catalytic activity, conductivity, and sinterability are further enhanced. Adding small amounts (b) of Fe and/or Fe and Co moderates the thermal expansion coefficient with no adverse effect on crystal structure or fuel cell performance. Improved sinterability, microstructure, and reduced film cracking result in high power density of fuel cells. An inherently low-cost solid state reaction method is described.

Abstract: Method of recovery of rare earths from fluorescent lamps. The method comprises six steps. The individual process steps are: Mechanical separation of coarse components. Separation of the halophosphate. Extraction in acids of easily soluble rare-earth fluorescent substances (mainly Y, Eu-oxide) Extraction in acids of rare earth fluorescent substances which dissolve with difficulty (for example rare-earth phosphates) Breakdown of the remaining components which contain rare earths (for example rare-earth-aluminates) Final treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to crystalline cerium oxide prepared in a simple, economical, and efficient manner, of which crystal structure, shape, and size can be easily adjusted and that exhibits excellent polishing properties, and a preparation method thereof. The crystalline cerium oxide can be prepared as sub-micron crystalline cerium oxide that has a mean volume diameter and a diameter standard deviation within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A process for producing a Group II metal sulfide phosphor precursor, comprising adding to an organic solvent an aqueous solution containing at least one of a Group II element compound, a sulfurizing agent, and a compound containing any of copper, silver, manganese, gold, and rare-earth elements to obtain a reaction mixture, heating the reaction mixture to produce an azeotrope of the water and the organic solvent, and removing water from the reaction mixture to produce a desired Group II metal sulfide in the reaction mixture, wherein the removal of water from the reaction mixture occurs by recovering only the water condensed from a vapor produced by the azeotropic distillation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of precipitation of metal ions. Mineral(s), oxide(s), hydroxide(s) of magnesium and/or calcium are adopted as raw materials, and the raw material(s) is processed through at least one step of calcination, slaking, or carbonization to produce aqueous solution(s) of magnesium bicarbonate and/or calcium bicarbonate, and then the solution(s) is used as precipitant(s) to deposit rare earth, such as nickel, cobalt, iron, aluminum, gallium, indium, manganese, cadmium, zirconium, hafnium, strontium, barium, copper and zinc ions. And at least one of metal carbonates, hydroxides or basic carbonates is obtained, or furthermore the obtained products are calcined to produce metal oxides. The invention takes the cheap calcium and/or magnesium minerals or their oxides, hydroxides with low purity as raw materials to instead common precipitants such as ammonium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate etc.

Abstract: The application of aqueous solution of magnesium bicarbonate and/or calcium bicarbonate in the process of extraction separation and purification of metals is disclosed, wherein the aqueous solution of magnesium bicarbonate and/or calcium bicarbonate is used as an acidity balancing agent, in order to adjust the balancing pH value of the extraction separation process which uses an acidic organic extractant, improve the extraction capacity of organic phase, and increase the concentration of metal ions in the loaded organic phase.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cerium oxide-zirconium oxide-based mixed oxide having superior platinum dispersibility and a suitable OSC, and a simple production process thereof. The cerium oxide-zirconium oxide-based mixed oxide comprises cerium oxide and zirconium oxide, wherein (1) the weight ratio of CeO2:ZrO2 is 60:40 to 90:10, and (2) the cerium oxide and the zirconium oxide are present as a mixture, the zirconium oxide being composed of a solid solution in which tetragonal or cubic zirconium oxide contains cerium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a polycrystalline block of a halide of formula AeLnfX(3f+e) in which Ln represents one or more rare earths, X represents one or more halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I, and A represents one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of K, Li, Na, Rb and Cs, e, which may be zero, being less than or equal to 3f, and f being greater than or equal to 1, having a low water and oxyhalide content, in which the method comprises heating a mixture of, on the one hand, at least one compound having at least one Ln—X bond and, on the other hand, a sufficient amount of NH4X in order to obtain the oxyhalide content, resulting in a molten mass comprising the rare-earth halide, the heating being followed by cooling, and the heating, after having reached 300° C., never going below 200° C. before the molten mass has been obtained.

Abstract: Systems and methods of capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide, comprising mixing a substantially non-aqueous solvent and an alkali such that the solvent and alkali form a solvent suspension, mixing water and a flue gas containing carbon dioxide with the solvent suspension such that a reaction occurs, the reaction resulting in the formation of a carbonate, water and heat. Methods and processes of environmental remediation and recovering metals from waste streams are also provided.

Abstract: A process for recovering rare earth elements from a composite ore containing rare earth elements that includes a monazite group mineral and an apatite mineral, includes pre-leaching the composite ore with an acid so as to substantially dissolve the apatite mineral into the leach liquor and precipitating rare earth elements from the pre-leach liquor. The residue of the pre-leaching step is subjected to an acid bake treatment, followed by a water leach, to produce a water leach liquor rich in rare earth elements. Impurities including thorium and iron are separated from the water leach liquor by introducing a neutralizing additive to the water leach liquor rich in rare earth elements, and rare earth elements are precipitated from the post-neutralization liquor.

Abstract: A mineral processing facility is provided that includes a cogen plant to provide electrical energy and waste heat to the facility and an electrochemical acid generation plant to generate, from a salt, a mineral acid for use in recovering valuable metals.

Abstract: Method for recovery of rare earths from fluorescent lamps. The method comprises six steps. •The individual process steps are: Mechanical separation of coarse components. •Separation of the halophosphate. •Extraction in acids of easily soluble rare-earth fluorescent substances (mainly Y, Eu-oxide) •Extraction in acids of rare-earth fluorescent substances which dissolve with difficulty (for example rare-earth phosphates) •Breakdown of the remaining components which contain rare earths (for example rare-earth-aluminates) •Final treatment.

Abstract: An improved process for recovering a titanium dioxide product from a titanium oxide-containing roasted mass of the type derived from roasting an ilmenite, anatase or perovskite ore by exploiting an organic acid, such as mixture of oxalic acid and ascorbic acid.

Abstract: A solvothermal process for making inorganic nanoparticles is described. Inorganic nanoparticles can be produced by forming a suspension or solution comprising at least one group II-IV and lanthanide metal inorganic salt in a first medium, disposing the suspension or solution in a sealed chamber having an interior pressure, elevating the interior pressure of the sealed chamber to an initial interior pressure prior to the heating, heating the suspension or solution to a peak temperature higher than the normal boiling point of the first medium, optionally adding a second medium to the suspension or solution after the heating.

Abstract: This invention discloses the synthesis of a bifunctional La0.6Ca0.4Co1-xIrxO3 (x=0˜1) perovskite compound with a superb bifunctional catalytic ability for the oxygen reduction and generation in alkaline electrolytes. Synthetic routes demonstrated include solid state reaction, amorphous citrate precursor, and mechanical alloying. The interested compound demonstrates notable enhancements over commercially available La0.6Ca0.4CoO3.

Abstract: A process for the production of nanorods containing a rare earth metal is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of: (a) increasing the pH of an aqueous solution of the formula MX3, where M is a trivalent rare earth metal cation and X is a monovalent anion so as to produce a reaction product containing X anions in solution and a precipitate in the form of trivalent rare earth hydroxide nanoparticles of the formula M(OH)3, the nanoparticles having a hexagonal crystal structure; and, (b) ageing the nanoparticles of step (a) in the presence of the reaction product containing X anions in solution so as to cause rod-like anisotropic growth of the nanoparticles and form rare earth hydroxide nanorods.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the manufacture of a ceria based polishing composition, comprising (a) suspending an inorganic cerium salt or cerium hydroxide with a cerium content calculated as cerium oxide in the range of 50%-100% based on Total rare earth oxide (TREO) in an aqueous medium thereby obtaining an aqueous suspension, (b) treating said aqueous suspension with an acid or a salt of an acid selected from the group of HF, H3PO4 and H2SO4, thereby obtaining a solid suspended in said aqueous medium, (c) separating said solid from said aqueous medium, and (d) calcining the separated solid at a temperature between 750° C. and 1,200° C. and grinding the calcined solid to grain sizes in the range of 0.5 ?m to 5.0 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a cerium oxide powder for a CMP slurry and a method of preparing a CMP slurry using the same, and more particularly, to a method of preparing a cerium oxide powder for a CMP slurry and a method of preparing a CMP slurry using the same in which the specific surface area of the powder is increased by preparing a cerium precursor, and then decomposing and calcinating the prepared cerium precursor. The pore distribution is controlled to increase the chemical contact area between a polished film and a polishing material, thereby reducing polishing time while the physical strength of powder is decreased, which remarkably reduces scratches on a polished film.

Abstract: A fluoride coating film formed with a fluoride-containing solution wherein a rare earth fluoride or an alkaline earth metal fluoride, in particular, fluoride of Pr, Nd, Dy, Tb and Ho, is swollen in a solvent comprising a major amount of an alcohol, and the solution is a colloidal solution in which the rare earth fluoride or the alkaline earth metal fluoride is dispersed homogeneously in the solvent comprising a major amount of an alcohol improves magnetic properties of NdFeB rare earth magnets including not only sintered magnets but also bonded magnets.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composition based on zirconium and cerium oxides in an atomic ratio Zr/Ce>1, and further comprising lanthanum oxide or an oxide of a rare earth other than cerium and lanthanum. The invention is characterized in that after calcination for 6 hours at 1150 .C it has a specific surface area of not less than 10 m;/g. The composition is obtained by forming a mixture containing a sol of a zirconium compound and cerium, lanthanum, said rare earth compounds, contacting said mixture with a basic compound solution, while heating and calcining the resulting precipitate. The composition can be used as catalyst.

Abstract: A fluoride coating film formed with a fluoride-containing solution wherein a rare earth fluoride or an alkaline earth metal fluoride, in particular, fluoride of Pr, Nd, Dy, Tb and Ho, is swollen in a solvent comprising a major amount of an alcohol, and the solution is a colloidal solution in which the rare earth fluoride or the alkaline earth metal fluoride is dispersed homogeneously in the solvent comprising a major amount of an alcohol improves magnetic properties of NdFeB rare earth magnets including not only sintered magnets but also bonded magnets.

Abstract: Methods of separating actinides from lanthanides are disclosed. A regio-specific/stereo-specific dithiophosphinic acid having organic moieties is provided in an organic solvent that is then contacted with an acidic medium containing an actinide and a lanthanide. The method can extend to separating actinides from one another. Actinides are extracted as a complex with the dithiophosphinic acid. Separation compositions include an aqueous phase, an organic phase, dithiophosphinic acid, and at least one actinide. The compositions may include additional actinides and/or lanthanides. A method of producing a dithiophosphinic acid comprising at least two organic moieties selected from aromatics and alkyls, each moiety having at least one functional group is also disclosed. A source of sulfur is reacted with a halophosphine. An ammonium salt of the dithiophosphinic acid product is precipitated out of the reaction mixture. The precipitated salt is dissolved in ether.

Abstract: A process for producing metal compounds directly from underground mineral deposits including the steps of forming a borehole at a site into a mineral deposit containing metal compounds, inserting a slurry-forming device having a nozzle into the borehole adapted to direct pressurized water through the nozzle into the mineral deposit, supplying pressured water through the nozzle into the mineral deposit forming a mineral slurry containing metal compounds, extracting the mineral slurry containing metal compounds through the borehole, leaching the mineral slurry to convert the metal compounds to a soluble form in a leach solution, and removing metals and metal compounds by treating the leach solution with an extraction treatment adapted to remove the metal products. Steps of leaching the mineral slurry and removing metal products are performed at a location remote from the borehole site. Alternatively, the step of removing metal products from mineral slurry may be accomplished by pyrometallurgical processes.

Abstract: A precipitator comprises a counter-current circulation between the reacting substances (8, 6, 7 ?12) and a non-miscible and chemically inert organic confinement phase (10?9) to maintain the phase containing the reagent in an emulsion. The walls of the precipitator are hydrophobic to prevent the adhesion of the precipitate. The emulsion is maintained by a mobile stirrer body (2). The precipitate is removed continually by a scavenging flow rate device (16).

Abstract: Disclosed are a concentrate of fine ceria particles for chemical mechanical polishing, and a method of preparing the same. The method includes reacting a reactant mixture comprising i) water, ii) an aqueous solution of water-soluble cerium salt compound, and iii) ammonia or ammonium salt at a reaction temperature of 250-700? under a reaction pressure of 180-550 bar for 0.01 sec to 10 min in a continuous reactor to obtain a solution containing the fine ceria particles, the cerium salt compound being contained at an amount of 0.01 to 20 wt % in the reactant mixture; and concentrating the solution containing the fine ceria particles in a concentrator having a filter with a pore size of 0.01 to 10?. The concentrate is advantageous in that a CMP slurry and a dispersing solution are easily produced by diluting the concentrate and adding an additive to the concentrate.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for separating trivalent americium from trivalent curium, coming from an aqueous solution containing at least these cations, wherein, at an acid concentration of 0.01 mol/l-0.3 mogl/l, the aqueous solution is brought into contact with an organic solvent containing a bis(aryl)dithiophosphinic acid having the formula (4) where R1=phenyl or naphthyl R2=phenyl or naphthyl, and radicals of R1 and R2 substituted by at least one methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl-, cyano, nitro, or halo substituent, and containing a synergist having the formula (5) where X and/or Y and/or Z is R or RO, wherein R is branched or unbranched alkyl.

Abstract: A method of forming rare earth oxide nanocrystals include the steps of dissolving a rare earth including compound in a solution containing at least one organic solvent, heating the solution to a temperature of at least 160° C., wherein a concentration of the rare earth including compound provided upon decomposition is sufficient to provide critical supersaturation of at least one active intermediate in the solution to nucleate a plurality of rare earth oxide nanocrystals. The plurality of rare earth nanocrystals are then grown, wherein the growing step proceeds at least in part in the absence of critical supersaturation of the active intermediate. The rare earth nanocrystals can assemble into at least one close-packed, ordered nanocrystal superlattice.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition comprising a polymeric material; and non-linear dielectric ceramic fillers; wherein the non-linear dielectric ceramic fillers have a dielectric constant that is greater than or equal to about 100 and wherein the dielectric constant of the composition is tunable. Disclosed herein too is a composition comprising a polymeric material; and perovskites; wherein the dielectric constant of a composition is tunable and further wherein the composition has a dielectric constant of about 2 to about 100. Disclosed herein too is a method comprising blending a polymeric resin with non-linear dielectric ceramic fillers to form a composition; wherein the non-linear dielectric ceramic fillers have a dielectric constant of greater than or equal to about 100 and wherein the dielectric constant of the composition is tunable.

Abstract: A novel solution route has been developed that after heat-treatment to 500-600° C. under inert atmosphere, yields highly porous composites of nano-sized metal (Ni) particle inclusions in ceramics (Al2O3). Metal loadings could be made from <1% to >95% Ni. The metal inclusion sizes in the Ni—Al2O3 system with the 10 atom % Ni sample were 4-7 nm, while for the 75 atom % Ni sample they were 5-8 nm. It was shown that the 10 atom % Ni sample could be used as a catalyst for the conversion of CO2 and CH4 in the temperature range 550-700° C., while higher temperatures led to growth of the Ni particles and carbon poisoning over time. The solution routes could also be deposited as thin dense films containing <10 nm Ni particles. Such films with high Ni-particle loadings deposited on aluminium substrates have shown very good solar heat absorber proficiency and provide good substrates for carbon tube growth.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rare metal/platinum-group metal extractant, which has a completely new structure compared with the conventional rare metal/platinum-group metal extractant and which exhibits excellent extraction performance; it also provides a method for extracting rare metals and platinum-group metals using the extractant. The rare metal/platinum-group metal extractants of the present invention is the one to extract rare metals and platinum-group metals by contacting a solution, in which several kinds of rare metals and platinum-group metals are dissolved, with a solution in which a cyclic phenol sulfide of the following Formula (1) is dissolved to make the rare metals and platinum-group metals move into the cyclic phenol sulfide solution.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a combination of a polymeric chelant and coagulant to treat metal containing wastewater. More particularly, the invention is directed at removing copper from CMP wastewater. The composition includes a combination of (a) a polymeric chelant derived from a polyamine selected from the group consisting of diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetraamine (TETA), tertraethylenepentaamine (TEPA), poly[vinylamine], and branched or linear poly[ethylenimine] (PEI); and (b) a water soluble or dispersible copolymer of a tannin and a cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of methyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate quaternary salt of dimethyl aminoethyl acrylate, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.

Abstract: Provided are a catalyst which inhibits light paraffins form being produced in catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbons and which effectively produces olefins and a process in which the above catalyst is used to produce olefins from heavy hydrocarbons at a high yield. The catalyst is a catalytic cracking catalyst for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon raw material, comprising (A) pentasil type zeolite modified with a rare earth element and zirconium and (B) faujasite type zeolite, and the process is a production process for olefin and a fuel oil, comprising bringing a heavy oil containing 50 mass % or more of a hydrocarbon fraction having a boiling point of 180° C. or higher into contact with the catalyst described above to crack it.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing a polycrystalline block of a halide of formula AeLnfX(3f+e) in which Ln represents one or more rare earths, X represents one or more halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I, and A represents one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of K, Li, Na, Rb and Cs, e, which may be zero, being less than or equal to 3f, and f being greater than or equal to 1, having a low water and oxyhalide content, in which the method comprises heating a mixture of, on the one hand, at least one compound having at least one Ln—X bond and, on the other hand, a sufficient amount of NH4X in order to obtain the oxyhalide content, resulting in a molten mass comprising the rare-earth halide, the heating being followed by cooling, and the heating, after having reached 300° C., never going below 200° C. before the molten mass has been obtained.

Abstract: A process for pretreating organic extractants and its product and application in SX separation of rare earth. The pretreating method is that extractant and rare earth solution are mixed with powder or slurry of alkaline earth metal compound containing magnesium and/or calcium to realize pre-extraction, or the organic extractant are mixed with rare earth carbonate slurry to realize pre-extraction. When rare earth ion in aqueous phase is extracted into organic phase, the exchanged hydrogen ions enter into aqueous phase and dissolve the alkaline earth metal compound or the rare earth carbonate which helps to keep the acidity equilibrium of the system. The obtained organic extractant loaded with rare earth is used for unsaponificated SX separation of rare earth. With this method, there is no need to saponificate organic extractant with liquid ammonia or alkali, and there is no ammonia-nitrogen wastewater produced. So separation cost decrease at a large scale and a lot of the cost to treat the three wastes is cut.

Abstract: A process in which isotopes of the same element belonging to the alkaline earth metals, transition elements and heavy metals having an atomic mass of less than 209, in particular lanthanide metals, are separated in an aqueous medium by treating an aqueous medium.

Abstract: It is aimed at providing an oxynitride powder, which is suitable for usage as a phosphor, is free from coloration due to contamination of impurities, and mainly includes a fine ?-sialon powder. An oxynitride powder is produced by applying a heat treatment in a reducing and nitriding atmosphere, to a precursor compound including at least constituent elements M, Si, Al, and O (where M is one element or mixed two or more elements selected from Li, Mg, Ca, Sr, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), thereby decreasing an oxygen content and increasing a nitrogen content of the precursor.

Abstract: The invention relates to nanoscale rutile or oxide powder that is obtained by producing amorphous TiO2 by mixing an alcoholic solution with a titanium alcoholate and with an aluminum alcohalate and adding water and acid. The amorphous, aluminum-containing TiO2 is isolated by removing the solvent, and is redispersed in water in the presence of a tin salt. Thermal or hydrothermal post-processing yields rutile or oxide that can be redispersed to primary particle size. The n-rutile or the obtained oxide having a primary particle size ranging between 5 and 20 nm can be incorporated into all organic matrices so that they remain transparent. Photocatalytic activity is suppressed by lattice doping with trivalent ions. If the amorphous precursor is redispersed in alcohol, or not isolated, but immediately crystallized, an anatase is obtained that can be redispersed to primary particle size.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oxide material of general formula (I) A2?x?yA?XA?yM1?z M?Z04+?, wherein A and A? are independently a metal cation of a group formed by lanthanides and/or alkalis and/or alkaline earths, A? is a cationic gap, i.e. a cation vacancy A and/or A?, M and M? are independently a metal of a group formed by transition metals such as 0<y<0.30, preferably 0<y=0.20; 0<?<0.25, preferably 0<?<0.10; 0=x=1; and 0=z=1. An air electrode containing said material and an electric power producing device in the form of a fuel cell provided with at least one electrochemical cell comprising said electrode are also disclosed.

Abstract: A mixing reactor for mixing efficiently streams of fluids of differing densities. In a preferred embodiment, one of the fluids is supercritical water, and the other is an aqueous salt solution. Thus, the reactor enables the production of metal oxide nanoparticles as a continuous process, without any risk of the reactor blocking due to the inefficient mixing inherent in existing reactor designs.

Abstract: Medical isotope generator systems are disclosed according to some aspects. In one aspect, a 90Y generator system comprises a generator column, a concentration column, and a flow control system, through which the generator column and the concentration column are in fluid communication. The flow control system provides a plurality of flow configurations for delivering a milking solution to the generator column, the concentration column, or both, and for delivering an eluent solution to the concentration column in either a forward or a reverse flow direction. The generator column can comprise a 90Sr stock adsorbed on a sorbent. The milking solution preferentially elutes 90Y from the generator column. The concentration column comprises a sorbent that captures 90Y from the milking solution without altering the milking solution. The eluent solution elutes 90Y from the concentration column.

Abstract: A method of forming rare earth oxide nanocrystals include the steps of dissolving a rare earth including compound in a solution containing at least one organic solvent, heating the solution to a temperature of at least 160° C., wherein a concentration of the rare earth including compound provided upon decomposition is sufficient to provide critical supersaturation of at least one active intermediate in the solution to nucleate a plurality of rare earth oxide nanocrystals. The plurality of rare earth nanocrystals are then grown, wherein the growing step proceeds at least in part in the absence of critical supersaturation of the active intermediate. The rare earth nanocrystals can assemble into at least one close-packed, ordered nanocrystal superlattice.

Abstract: An alumina-based perovskite is formed by mixing a lanthanide source with a transitional alumina to form a dual-phase composition comprising in-situ formed LnAlO3 dispersed in alumina. The lanthanide content of the composition ranges from 6-35 wt. % to yield a high surface area composition which is useful as a catalyst or catalyst support such as for precious metals.

Abstract: A synthetic catalyst providing superoxide dismutase activity consists essentially of monodispersed nanoparticles of cerium oxide having a crystal lattice containing cerium in mixed valence states of Ce3+ and Ce4+ wherein the Ce4+ valence state predominates and containing an enhanced Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio and an effective number of oxygen vacancies in the crystal lattice so as to increase catalytic efficiency. A method of making the synthetic catalyst includes dissolving hydrous Ce(NO3)3 in water so as to form a solution, stirring the solution, adding hydrogen peroxide, heating and stopping when the solution develops a light yellow color.

Abstract: Rare earth compositions comprising nanoparticles are described along with various nanotechnology applications of such nanoparticles. The compositions of the nanomaterials discussed may include scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu).