Abstract: A method facilitates operation of an incinerator for solid fuel. The incinerator includes a device for separating ash from flue gas. The method includes collecting ash deposits originating from the flue gas, resulting in collected ash. To improve the flowability of the ash collected, the method further includes introducing a powdery additive material including i) clay and ii) calcium carbonate into the flue gas. At the location where the additive material is introduced, the flue gas has a temperature of at least 700° C. The additive is introduced with a rate R of at least 0.1 times the mass of ash in the stream of flue gas.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide separation recovery method includes: bringing a particulate carbon dioxide adsorbent and a treatment target gas containing carbon dioxide into contact with each other to make the carbon dioxide adsorbent adsorb the carbon dioxide contained in the treatment target gas; and bringing the carbon dioxide adsorbent which has adsorbed the carbon dioxide and desorption steam into contact with each other to desorb the carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide adsorbent, and thereby, regenerate the carbon dioxide adsorbent and recover the desorbed carbon dioxide. The step of recovering the carbon dioxide includes utilizing a recovery gas as a heat source of a heat exchanger, the recovery gas containing the desorption steam which has contacted the carbon dioxide adsorbent and the carbon dioxide which has been desorbed from the carbon dioxide adsorbent.

Abstract: A membrane method processing system and process for a high-concentration salt-containing organic waste liquid incineration exhaust gas is described. The system consists essentially of a waste liquid incinerator (I), a gas-solid separator (II), a heat exchanger (III), an air blower (IV), an anti-caking agent storage tank (V), a membrane method dust cleaner (VI), an induced draft fan (VII), a check valve (VIII), and a desulfurization tower (IX). The present invention introduces the dust collecting membrane into the tail gas treatment system and utilizes the small pore size and high porosity of the dust collecting membrane to prevent inorganic salt particles from entering the internal of the filter material and agglomerating there. When the humidity of the gas entering the dust collector increases during the dust removing process, the anti-caking agent is also introduced into the tail gas treatment system to change the surface structure of the inorganic salt crystal to prevent the crystal from agglomeration.

Abstract: SOx removal equipment for reducing sulfur oxides from flue gas from a boiler, a cooler which is provided on a downstream side of the SOx removal equipment for reducing the sulfur oxides that remain in the flue gas and for decreasing a gas temperature, CO2 recovery equipment which includes a CO2 absorber, and an absorption liquid regenerator, and mist generation material reduction equipment for reducing a mist generation material which is a generation source of mist that is generated in the CO2 absorber of the CO2 recovery equipment before introducing the flue gas to the CO2 recovery equipment are included.

Abstract: A system for removing SO3 from a flue gas is provided. The system includes a conduit and an injector. The conduit is operative to define a flow path of the flue gas. The injector is operative to inject at least one gaseous state alkali-containing species into the conduit at an injection point. The temperature of the flue gas at the injection point is above the condensation temperature of sulfuric acid.

Abstract: The combustion system includes a boiler and a flue gas treatment system downstream of the boiler. The flue gas treatment system includes a desulphurization unit, a carbonator and a calciner defining a carbonator/calciner loop. The flue gas from the desulphurization unit is fed into the carbonator. No air pre-heaters, for pre-heating combustion oxidizer to be supplied into the boiler using heat of flue gas, are provided at the boiler and between the boiler and the carbonator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a CO2 y SO2 capture method comprising the following steps consisting in: a) introducing an aqueous stream of a hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal and another gas stream of CO2 into a bubble column purifier/reactor, in order to form a carbonate of the alkali or alkaline-earth metal; b) introducing the carbonate of the alkali or alkaline-earth metal into a bubble column purifier/reactor, into which a stream of a gas mixture of CO2 and SO2 is introduced in order to form sulphite of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal and carbon dioxide; c) transforming the sulphite from step (b) into sulphate of said metal by means of oxidation with air; and d) re-circulating the unreacted CO2 produced during step (b) by reacting the slurry with the SO2, in the reactor from step (a).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for removing sulfur dioxide from a flue gas is described. The apparatus has sequentially operable scrubbing zone and regeneration zone, which communicate with one another via a molten eutectic mixture of lithium, sodium and potassium carbonates. In the scrubbing zone, an ingress flue gas interacts with the molten carbonates, resulting in chemical absorbance of the sulfur dioxide and in discharge of reaction gases. In the regeneration zone, ether a chemical or electrochemical melt regeneration takes place resulting in formation of sulfur-containing vapor which is cooled down for converting the sulfur-containing vapor into a liquid and solid phase for a further collection and utilization.

Abstract: Methods of reducing emissions levels during steady-state conditions are disclosed for use with a dry scrubber desulfurization system. A dry calcium hydroxide powder is injected into the gas flowpath and watered in the spray dryer absorber. The resulting slurry is then deposited on the filter bags in the baghouse. This can be done at lower temperatures than the spray dryer absorber would otherwise be operable, enabling desulfurization to occur earlier in the combustion process, particularly during startup of a cold boiler at ambient temperature. The operation of the boiler can also be backed up, made up, trimmed, or augmented depending on various operating scenarios.

Abstract: Methods of reducing emissions levels during upset periods such as startup are disclosed for use with a dry scrubber desulfurization system. A dry calcium hydroxide powder is injected into the gas flowpath and hydrated in the spray dryer absorber. The resulting hydrated powder is then deposited on the filter bags in the baghouse. This can be done at lower temperatures than the spray dryer absorber would otherwise be operable, enabling desulfurization to occur earlier in the combustion process, such as during startup of a cold combustion system at ambient temperature. The operation of the combustion system can also be backed up, made up, trimmed, or augmented depending on various operating scenarios.

Abstract: A process for capturing undesirable combustion products produced in a high temperature combustion system in which a carbonaceous fuel is utilized. Very finely sized particles of alkaline earth carbonates or hydroxides, with or without added ground ash, are provided in slurry form and are injected into the high temperature zone of a furnace. The particles flash calcine to provide substantially unagglomerated particles having a particle size of less than about 0.5 microns to capture and neutralize SOx, NOx, and toxic metals present in the combustion products.

Abstract: A circulating dry scrubber flue gas desulfurization system is disclosed. Hydrated lime is injected into the flue gas upstream of the CDS vessel. The flue gas then passes through a baghouse, where solids are captured. At least a portion of the solids are recycled. The recycle path runs from the baghouse to a splitter, where the solids are divided between the injection points. No distribution box is needed, which permits lowering the height and/or restructuring the location of many components of the system, reducing costs as well as improving or maintaining removal of combustion byproducts from the flue gas.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an improved means of controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired boiler applications. Specifically, the disclosure comprises a static mixing device placed in the flue gas stream. The static mixing device can enhance dispersion of injected sorbents in the flue gas, resulting in improved mercury capture at a lower sorbent injection rate.

Abstract: A process for the energy efficient, environmentally friendly recovery of liquid and gaseous products from solid or semi-solid hydrocarbon resources, in particular, oil shale or tar sands. The process involves non-oxidative pyrolysis to recover fluid energy values, oxidative combustion to recover energy values as recoverable heat, and environmental sequestration of gases produced.

Abstract: Circulating dry scrubbing (CDS) systems and methods utilizes a particle classification unit operation to separate unreacted sorbent (such as lime, limestone, or sodium-based sorbent) such that a reactive fraction of the cut stream may be selectively recovered to a flue gas scrubbing system. This reduces the amount of fresh sorbent that must be supplied for pollutant removal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for combined SO2 and CO2 removal from flue gas, which includes removing both CO2 and SO2 in a primary fractionation column and two polishing columns, the method comprising: a) hot flue as pretreatment, including flue gas SO3 removal by dry sorbent injection; b) compressing the treated hot flue gas by a multi-stage compressor; c) separation of CO2, SO2 and non-condensable gases; d) subjecting the CO2 and SO2 to separate polishing columns; and e) combining streams from the primary fractionation column and the two polishing columns for power recovery.

Abstract: An acid gas sorbent composition is disclosed. The composition comprises a compound having the following formula: (SiO2)x(OH)yF.B wherein F optionally exists and said F is at least one of the following: a functionalized organosilane, a sulfur-containing organosilane, or an amine-containing organosilane; and wherein B is a hygroscopic solid at a preferred water to solid molar ratio of about 0.1 to about 6, and more particularly, B is a basic inorganic solid including, but not limiting to, alkali or alkali-earth metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or bicarbonates, containing at least one of the following metal cations: calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium, sodium, lithium, potassium, cesium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium, scandium, ytterbium, yttrium, or erbium; wherein the molar ratio of y/x is equal to about 0.01 to about 0.5.

Abstract: A particulate desulfurization material includes one or more nickel compounds, a zinc oxide support material, and one or more alkali metal compounds wherein the nickel content of the material is in the range 0.3 to 10% by weight and the alkali metal content of the material is in the range 0.2 to 10% by weight. A method of making the desulfurization material includes the steps: (i) contacting a nickel compound with a particulate zinc support material and an alkali metal compound to form an alkali-doped composition, (ii) shaping the alkali-doped composition, and (iii) drying, calcining, and optionally reducing the resulting material. The desulfurization material may be used to desulfurize hydrocarbon gas streams with reduced levels of hydrocarbon hydrogenolysis.

Abstract: Process for producing sodium bicarbonate for purifying flue gases, according to which an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfate is subjected to electrodialysis to produce a sodium hydroxide solution and a sodium bisulfate solution, the sodium hydroxide solution being carbonated in order to obtain sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: Dry-scrubbing media compositions, methods of preparing same, and methods of use are provided. The compositions contain activated alumina and potassium carbonate. Optionally, activated carbon and other impregnates, such as sulfates of group 1A metals, are included in the compositions. The compositions exhibit improved efficiency and capacity for the removal of compounds such as chlorine or sulfur dioxide from an air-stream. The compositions are particularly useful for reducing or preventing the release of toxic gaseous compounds from the areas such as petroleum storage areas, refineries, drinking water systems, sewage treatment facilities, swimming pools, hospital morgues, animal rooms, and pulp and paper production sites.

Abstract: A method of producing trona suitable for flue gas desulfurization comprising mechanically mining a trona ore deposit containing insoluble impurities; crushing the mined trona ore to create a mixture of uncalcined trona-rich particles and impurities-rich particles; beneficiating the crushed uncalcined trona ore to obtain a trona-rich, impurities-depleted ore fraction; and drying the trona-rich ore fraction under non-calcining conditions to yield a dry uncalcined trona ore. A preferred embodiment includes concurrently milling and drying the trona-rich, impurities-depleted ore fraction to recover a low moisture content trona product having a high NaHCO3:Na2CO3 ratio, useful for the efficient dry injection desulfurization of flue gas streams.

Abstract: A process for capturing undesirable combustion products produced in a high temperature combustion system. Very finely sized particles of alkaline earth carbonates or hydroxides, with or without added ground fly ash, are provided in slurry form and are injected into the high temperature zone of a furnace. The particles flash calcine to provide substantially unagglomerated particles having a particle size of less than about 0.5 microns to capture and neutralize SOx, NOx, and toxic chemicals.

Abstract: A method of offsetting losses of ammonia from a pulping mill comprising cooking a lignocellulosic material in a cooking liquor, wherein cooking in the cooking liquor separates the lignocellulosic material into a pulp, capturing a vapor of the cooking liquor, condensing the vapor of the cooking liquor to yield a spent cooking liquor condensate, washing the pulp in a wash liquid, wherein washing the pulp removes at least a portion of the spent cooking liquor from the pulp, capturing the wash liquid, removing ammonia from the wash liquid to yield a regenerated ammonia, regenerating the cooking liquor from the spent cooking liquor condensate and the regenerated ammonia, combusting a waste material and a concentrated spent cooking liquor, wherein combusting the waste material and the concentrated spent cooking liquor yields a flue gas and heat, transferring the heat from combusting the waste material and the concentrated spent cooking liquor to water to generate steam, removing a sulfur-containing compound from th

Abstract: A method of protecting a NOx reducing catalyst 140 from fouling, where the NOx reducing catalyst 140 is downstream of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler 120 and upstream of a particulate removal device 150. The method includes introducing a SOx removing reagent 212 in a calcium to sulfur molar ratio greater than that required for SO2 removal from a flue gas 122 generated by a CFB 120, thereby preventing SO3 formation and fouling of the NOx reducing catalyst 140.

Abstract: Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate crystals, according to which: a solid powder derived from sodium sesquicarbonate, having a mean particle diameter comprised between 0.1 and 10 mm is dissolved in water; the resulting water solution is introduced into a crystallizer, wherein a first water suspension comprising sodium carbonate crystals is produced; the first water suspension is subjected to a separation, in order to produce crystals comprising sodium carbonate on the one hand, which are valorized, and a mother liquor on the other hand; and a part of the mother liquor is taken out of the crystallizer and put into contact in, a gas liquid contactor, with a gas comprising carbon dioxide, in order to produce a second water suspension comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals, which are separated and valorized. A reagent powder comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals made by such process.

Abstract: Combustion flue gas containing SOX is treated to remove SOX using a dry particulate sorbent injection procedure in which a sodium-based sorbent precursor is calcined immediately prior to its introduction into the flue gas stream, to activate the sorbent for reaction with SOX. The sorbent precursor is a NaHCO3-containing compound, and trona is preferred as the sorbent precursor.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed power plant 100 includes; a circulating fluidized bed boiler 110 which generates flue gases, a flash dry absorber scrubber 140 configured to receive the flue gases from the circulating fluidized bed boiler 110, and a lime feed 150 configured to introduce lime into the flash dry absorber scrubber 140.

Abstract: A method of removing SOx from a flue gas stream including SOx includes providing a source of trona and injecting the trona as a dry sorbent into the flue gas stream. The temperature of the flue gas is at an elevated temperature greater than 400° F., preferably between about 600° F. and about 900° F. The trona is maintained in contact with the flue gas for a time sufficient to react a portion of the trona with a portion of the SOx to reduce the concentration of the SO2 and/or SO3 in the flue gas stream.

Abstract: A system and method for removing sulfur-containing contaminants from indoor air includes a panel system having a first layer and a second layer. The first layer can include a base media onto which sodium bicarbonate is attached. The second layer can include a base media onto which activated carbon is attached. Indoor air including sulfur-containing contaminants can contact and pass through the first layer. Sulfuric acid can react with the sodium bicarbonate to produce sodium sulfate, which can, in turn, act as a drying agent for organic sulfur-containing contaminants in the indoor air, such as carbon disulfide and carbonyl sulfide. As a result of such drying, the second layer can more effectively trap and/or bind (adsorb) the organic sulfur-containing contaminants so that these contaminants are removed from the contaminated air. The treated air can be returned to an indoor space of the structure.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed power plant 100 includes; a circulating fluidized bed boiler 110 which generates flue gases, a flash dry absorber scrubber 140 configured to receive the flue gases from the circulating fluidized bed boiler 110, and a lime feed 150 configured to introduce lime into the flash dry absorber scrubber 140.

Abstract: A method for combustion of a carbon-containing fuel, especially a fossil fuel, further preferred coal. The flue gas is at least dedusted, is desulfurized with an absorbent containing calcium compounds, and in a two-stage high temperature process is decarbonized with calcium oxide in a carbonator accompanied by formation of calcium carbonate and the calcium carbonate is regenerated in a calcinator, while heat is supplied and while carbon dioxide is set free, to form calcium oxide, which is recirculated into the carbonator. At least to one of the stages of the high temperature process fresh calcium containing absorbent is added. Calcium compounds from the carbonator and/or calcinator are used as absorbent with the flue gas desulfurization.

Abstract: A method of protecting a NOx reducing catalyst 140 from fouling, where the NOx reducing catalyst 140 is downstream of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler 120 and upstream of a particulate removal device 150. The method includes introducing a SOx removing reagent 212 in a calcium to sulfur molar ratio greater than that required for SO2 removal from a flue gas 122 generated by a CFB 120, thereby preventing SO3 formation and fouling of the NOx reducing catalyst 140.

Abstract: A system and method for beneficiation of fly ash particles which at least partially reduces sulfur emissions includes at least one mixing reactor with a chamber and at least one exhaust, at least one fly ash source connected to provide fly ash particles to the chamber, at least one sorbent source, and at least one fluid supply system. The sorbent source provides at least one type of sorbent particles to be mixed with the fly ash particles to reduce sulfur emissions. A mass of the fly ash particles in the chamber is greater than a mass of the sorbent particles in the chamber. The fluid supply system provides at least one fluid to the chamber during a beneficiation of at least a portion of the fly ash particles in the chamber.

Abstract: Process for the joint production of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate crystals, according to which: Solid powder derived from sodium sesquicarbonate, having a mean particle diameter comprised between 0,1 and 10 mm is dissolved in water; The resulting water solution is introduced into a crystallizer, wherein a first water suspension comprising sodium carbonate crystals is produced; The first water suspension is subjected to a separation, in order to produce crystals comprising sodium carbonate on the one hand, which are valorized, and a mother liquor on the other hand; Part of the mother liquor is taken out of the crystallizer and put into contact in, a gas liquid contactor, with a gas comprising carbon dioxide, in order to produce a second water suspension comprising sodium bicarbonate crystals, which are separated and valorized

Abstract: In a method for processing flue gases, flue gases from an incineration plant for non-condensable gases of a kraft pulp mill are scrubbed by means of a calcium compound. The calcium compound is lime mud taken from the chemical recirculation of the kraft pulp mill after causticization and before a lime reburning kiln, and it is used in the scrubbing of gas as a substance reacting with sulphur dioxide.

Abstract: A method of removing SO2 from a flue gas stream including SO2 includes providing a source of trona and injecting the trona into the flue gas stream. The temperature of the flue gas is between about 600° F. and about 900° F. The trona is maintained in contact with the flue gas for a time sufficient to react a portion of the trona with a portion of the SO2 to reduce the concentration of the SO2 in the flue gas stream.

Abstract: Controlling the reductive capacity of an aqueous alkaline slurry (23) in a wet scrubber makes it possible to accurately control the mercury emission from the scrubber to a desired value. One method of controlling the reductive capacity of the slurry is to measure the reduction-oxidation potential (“redox potential”) of the aqueous alkaline slurry (23) and to add or remove substances that affect the redox potential and thus the reductive capacity of the slurry. In wet scrubbers in which limestone is used for absorption of acid gases and where a gypsum slurry is circulated, it has been found to be an attractive solution to control the amount of oxidation air blown into the scrubber in order to control the redox potential and thereby the mercury emissions.

Abstract: Methods for scrubbing gas streams to remove acid gases including sulfur dioxide, mercury-containing substances, and/or nitrogen oxides from the gas stream. The gas stream is contacted with a potassium-based sorbent effective for removing at least a portion of the acid gases. The partially cleaned gas stream is then contacted with an oxidant effective to remove at least a portion of the nitrogen oxides and/or mercury-containing substances after partially removing the acid gas substance.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and systems for sequestering and/or reducing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or carbon dioxide present in industrial effluent fluid streams. A solid particulate material comprising a slag component, a binder component (distinct from the slag component), and optionally water is formed and then contacted with the effluent fluid stream to reduce at least one of the sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and/or carbon dioxide. The contacting of the effluent stream may occur in a packed bed reactor with the solid dry particulate material. Methods of reducing pollutants from exhaust generated by combustion sources, lime and/or cement kilns, iron and/or steel furnaces, and the like are provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the fouling during the removal of sulfur trioxide from a flue gas stream by maintaining the reagent (i. e. sodium sesquicarbonate) in contact with the flue gas for a sufficient time and temperature to react a portion of the reagent with a portion of the sulfur trioxide to substantially avoid formation of liquid phase NaHSO4 reaction product that combines with the fly ash so as to not form a sticky ash residue that adheres to the flue gas duct, wherein the reaction product of the reagent and the sulfur trioxide is selected from the group consisting of Na2SO4, Na2S2O7 and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method and apparatus for purifying carbon dioxide. Sulfur species are efficiently and effectively removed from the carbon dioxide by a series of steps which include heater/heat exchange means, impurity adsorption means and cooling means.

Abstract: A system and method of reducing SO2 emissions of a carbonaceous fuel fired hot gas stream in a system including a precipitator by injecting trona into the hot gas stream prior to the gas stream being cooled by an apparatus such as an air heater.

Abstract: A method for increasing the nitrogen oxide emissions by either removing or modifying fuel rich nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction processes thereby improving combustion efficiencies especially with low volatile low sulfur coals, and remove unburned carbon, reduce sulfur dioxide and reducing carbon dioxide emissions, while using post-primary combustion urea or ammonia injection with or without a reburn fuel NOx reducing process to restore NOx to regulated emission levels. Furthermore, adding lime or limestone to the urea or ammonia solution to further reduce SO2 and to increase the concentration of the carbon free fly ash to cementitious concentrations. Furthermore, by proper number and disposition of the injectors in the post combustion zone and by further water diluting the mixture, this NOx reduction process is effective at substantially higher gas temperatures than conventional Selective Non-Catalytic NOx Reduction and with no ammonia slip. This method significantly increases the profitability of power plants.

Abstract: Systems and processes for removing a first sulfur compound from a hydrocarbon stream. The systems and process utilize at least one reaction vessel incorporating a hydrolysis catalyst suitable for hydrolyzing the first sulfur compound to a second sulfur compound. The reaction vessel also incorporates a sorbent material suitable for absorbing the second sulfur compound. Following hydrolysis of the first sulfur compound to the second sulfur compound and absorption of the second sulfur compound, a hydrocarbon-containing stream having a reduced sulfur content is produced. The hydrolysis catalyst and sorbent material may be provided in separate zones within the reaction vessel or provided as a mixture in a single zone. The hydrocarbon-containing stream having a reduced sulfur content is suitable for a variety of uses, including as a feedstreams for hydrogen plants, process gas streams for power generation plants, or for other uses for hydrocarbon-containing stream having reduced sulfur content.

Abstract: A method of reducing sulfur dioxide emissions of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. Sulfur-containing carbonaceous fuel is fed to a furnace of the boiler, and calcium carbonate is fed to the furnace at a rate relative to the first stream such that the molar ratio of calcium in the second stream to sulfur in the first stream is at most about 1.0. The fuel is combined so that the sulfur is oxidized to form sulfur dioxide. The calcium carbonate is calcined to form calcium oxide and the calcium oxide is used to sulfate the sulfur dioxide to form calcium sulfate. Flue gas particles are separated using a hot loop separator, and the separated particles are returned to the furnace. A sulfur-reduction stage downstream of the furnace further reduces the sulfur content of the flue gases.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reduction of pollutants in combustion processes using combined rotating opposed fired air (ROFA) and fuel injection sorbents (FSI) for increased chemical reactivity.

Abstract: A process for mitigation of fouling deposits within a combustion zone, capturing of toxic metal emissions, and reduction of visible sulfur emissions attributable to sulfuric acid mist during coal combustion. SO3 formed during coal combustion is reduced by the addition to the coal of raw, unprocessed magnesium-containing minerals such as magnesite ore or brucite ore. The minerals are pulverized to a fine particle size and combined with pulverized coal to provide a mixture of the particles. The mixture is combusted and the ore particles calcine and decrepitate to very fine magnesium oxide particles that have a significant particle surface area. The magnesium oxide particles react with the SO3 produced during combustion of the coal and also capture toxic metals to reduce the quantity of undesirable stack discharge components.

Abstract: A method for reducing the cost of emission control by utilizing a combination of low cost, combustion and post-combustion processes to eliminate emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and trace metals, including mercury, and trace dioxins and furans. These processes are applied sequentially to the combustion flow train of an air-cooled, slagging combustor-boiler, and include two groups of process steps. One group is implemented in the combustor and the other in post combustion zones.

Abstract: A multiple-field precipitator, flue-gas treating device, in accordance with the principles of the invention, includes a first section having a dual-function, sensible-cooling heat exchanger/electrostatic precipitator, a second section having a wet electrostatic precipitator, and a middle section fluidly connecting the first and second sections. In the first section, the exchanger/precipitator sensibly cools the flue gas and collects most of the dust from the flue gas. In the middle section, the dust-reduced flue gas is combined with an alkaline material, thereby forming reaction products. These reaction products and several other pollutants are captured by the wet electrostatic precipitator, in the form of a pollutant-laden liquid. The pollutant-laden liquid is directed to a series of heat exchangers and settling tanks, where various pollutants such as SOx, metals, NOx, and chlorides are removed in different stages.

Abstract: For reducing emissions of oxides of sulphur: a) a sulphur-containing fuel is burned in a combustion zone comprising a heat exchange zone in which at least a portion of the heat is extracted, and effluents or combustion fumes are recovered at a temperature in the range 800° C. to 1200° C.