Abstract: Advanced oxygen enrichment technologies for Claus plants are presented that provide an oxygen rich gas stream to the Claus burner of the thermal stage and one or more oxygen rich bypass gas streams to at least one of the catalytic stages to so increase the capacity of the plant while reducing the amount of recycle gases needed for flame temperature moderation.

Abstract: A flue gas-treating method for treating acid tail gas by using an ammonia process, comprising the following steps of: 1) controlling the concentration of sulfur dioxide in an acid tail gas entering an absorber to be ?30,000 mg/Nm3; 2) spraying and cooling with a process water or/and an ammonium sulfate solution in the inlet duct of the absorber or inside the absorber; 3) providing an oxidation section in the absorber, wherein the oxidation section is provided with oxidation distributors for oxidizing the desulfurization absorption solution; 4) providing an absorption section in the absorber wherein the absorption section achieves desulfurization spray absorption by using absorption solution distributors via an absorption solution containing ammonia; the absorption solution containing ammonia is supplied by an ammonia storage tank; 5) providing a water washing layer above the absorption section in the absorber, wherein the water washing layer washes the absorption solution in the tail gas to reduce the slip of

Abstract: The preparation of nano-oxide coated adsorbent, which is useful for treatment of toxic gases, by coating of composite materials containing hydrotalcite over ceramic monolithic substrates. Oxides and salts of metals are reacted in a known manner to prepare hydrotalcites or mixed metal layered hydroxides such as Mg—Al, Ca—Al, Zn—Al, Zn—Cr type possessing positive layer charge, from which a stable gel is prepared by adding swellable clay, e.g., montmorillonite etc. in different hydrotalcite:clay ratio in an aqueous medium and homogenizing the same with high speed homogenizer and ultrasonicator in a high intensity ultrasonic processor. The gel is dip-coated over cordierite/mulite honey-comb monolithic supports. The dip-coated monoliths are dried and calcined to develop the alumino-silicate supported nano-oxide coats over honey-comb ceramic substrates for carrying out adsorption of H2S and SO2 gas in a He flow in various flow rates at 400 to 1000° C. temperature in a cylindrical quartz tube.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for treating carbon dioxide in an environmentally effective manner. Systems and methods include providing a carbon dioxide enriched stream having CO2 and at least one oxidizable sulfur compound and passing at least some of the carbon dioxide enriched stream to carbon dioxide storage, wherein the method further comprises passing at least some of the carbon dioxide enriched stream to selective sulfur removal during a period of system upset. Selective sulfur removal may comprise treatment with an solid or liquid capable of oxidizing the oxidizable sulfur compound.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from an oxygen-containing acid gas in configurations and methods in which oxygen is catalytically removed using hydrogen sulfide, and in which the sulfur oxides react with the hydrogen sulfide to form elemental sulfur. A first portion of the remaining sulfurous compounds is reduced to form the hydrogen sulfide for oxygen removal, while a second portion of the sulfurous compounds is further converted to elemental sulfur using a Claus reaction or catalytic direct reduction reaction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating COS and/or CS2 from a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream, and further eliminating H2S from such feed stream or converting all sulfur species in such feed stream to H2S and SO2 to allow for easy subsequent conversion of such H2S and SO2 to elemental sulfur in a Claus reaction. The method comprises: (i) injecting water so that the feed stream contains greater than 10 vol % (water equivalent); (ii) passing the feed stream through catalyst means which hydrogenates COS and/or CS2 to H2S; (iii) injecting O2 so that the stoichiometric ratio of O2 to H2S is at least 0.5:1.0; (iv) passing the stream though a reaction zone having oxidation catalyst means which oxidizes H2S to elemental sulfur or SO2 (depending on the amount of oxygen and water added); where the temperature of the reaction zone is above the elemental sulfur dew point.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for processing a sulfur-containing gas and a hydrogenation catalyst used therefor. The method comprises introducing the sulfur-containing gas into the tail gas hydrogenation unit of a sulfur recovery device, processing it with the hydrogenation catalyst of the present invention, and absorbing the hydrogenated tail gas with a solvent. The hydrogenation catalyst comprises from 0.5 to 3 wt. % of an active component nickel oxide, from 1 to 4 wt. % of an active component cobalt oxide, from 8 to 20 wt. % of an active component molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide, from 1 to 5 wt. % of a deoxidation auxiliary agent, from 10 to 40 wt. % of TiO2, the balance being ?-Al2O3, based on the weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for removing mercaptans from a gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas and mercaptans, the process comprising the steps of: (a) contacting a first gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas and mercaptans with a hydrodesulphurization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen in a hydrodesulphurization unit to obtain a second gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas, which is depleted of mercaptans and enriched in H2S; (b) removing H2S from the second gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas in a H2S removal unit to obtain a purified gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas, which is depleted of mercaptans.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the removal of sulfur from a fuel gas stream that additionally contains carbon dioxide and a light olefin as well as an organic sulfur compound. The process includes hydrotreating the fuel gas stream followed by a catalytic reduction of the resulting hydrotreated fuel gas to remove the carbonyl sulfide contained therein that is yielded in the hydrotreating step as a result of the equilibrium reaction of hydrogen disulfide with carbon dioxide to yield carbonyl sulfide and water.

Abstract: Methods and configurations are drawn to a plant in which an effluent gas (102) comprising oxygen and sulfur dioxide is catalytically reacted with hydrogen sulfiden (148) and hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide (114) to form a treated gas that is substantially oxygen free and in which sulfur dioxide is converted to hydrogen sulfide. In most preferred aspects, the hydrogen sulfide is provided to the process via a recycle loop (134B).

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst using an additive layer method includes: (i) forming a layer of a powdered catalyst or catalyst support material, (ii) binding or fusing the powder in said layer according to a predetermined pattern, (iii) repeating (i) and (ii) layer upon layer to form a shaped unit, and (iv) optionally applying a catalytic material to said shaped unit.

Abstract: A feed gas comprising CO2, H2S and H2 is treated to produce an H2-enriched product and an H2S-lean, CO2 product. The feed gas is separated to provide the H2-enriched product and a stream of sour gas. The stream of sour gas is divided into two parts, one of which is processed in an H2S removal system to form one or more streams of sweetened gas, and the other of which bypasses the H2S removal system, the stream(s) of sweetened gas and the sour gas bypassing the H2S removal system then being recombined to form the H2S-lean, CO2 product gas. The division of the sour gas between being sent to and bypassing the H2S removal system is adjusted responsive to changes in the H2S content of the sour gas, so as to dampen or cancel the effects of said changes on the H2S content of the H2S-lean, CO2 product gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and catalyst for the oxidative desulfurization of hydrocarbonaceous oil. In one aspect, solid carbon materials are provided having stable sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide oxidative species on the surface thereof. Such materials are useful in the production of low sulfur hydrocarbon feedstocks and in the removal of refractory sulfur compounds.

Abstract: The method deacidifies a gas including H2S and CO2. The gas is subjected to an absorption to collect the CO2 and the H2S in an absorber, then to conversion through hydrolysis of the COS to H2S and CO2 in a reactor, and to a second absorption to collect the H2S and the CO2 formed in the reactor. The absorbent solution is regenerated in regenerator.

Abstract: Provided are a catalyst for removing mercury metal, which has high activity for a long time even in an exhaust gas containing SO2, and a method for oxidizing mercury metal using the catalyst. A method for purifying exhaust gas, including bringing an exhaust gas containing mercury metal into contact with a catalyst containing titanium oxide as a first component and a sulfate or phosphate of nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) or vanadium as a second component, at a temperature of from 100° C. to 200° C., and thereby oxidizing the mercury metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing organic sulfur from more than one reactive fuel gas stream. A reactor vessel that is provided with at least one bed of hydrodesulfurization catalyst is used to hydrodesulfurize multiple reactive fuel gas streams with a less reactive fuel gas stream being introduced into the reactor vessel at a point above the introduction point of a more reactive fuel gas stream. An hydrotreated fuel gas is yielded from the reactor vessel having a hydrogen sulfide concentration and a low organic sulfur content.

Abstract: A particulate desulfurization material includes one or more nickel compounds, a zinc oxide support material, and one or more alkali metal compounds wherein the nickel content of the material is in the range 0.3 to 10% by weight and the alkali metal content of the material is in the range 0.2 to 10% by weight. A method of making the desulfurization material includes the steps: (i) contacting a nickel compound with a particulate zinc support material and an alkali metal compound to form an alkali-doped composition, (ii) shaping the alkali-doped composition, and (iii) drying, calcining, and optionally reducing the resulting material. The desulfurization material may be used to desulfurize hydrocarbon gas streams with reduced levels of hydrocarbon hydrogenolysis.

Abstract: A procedure for obtaining mixed multimetallic oxides derived from hydrotalcite type compounds, characterized in that the laminar metallic hydroxides obtained are constituted by three or four metallic cations, forming part of the sheets of the hydrotalcite type material represented by the formula: [M(II)1?x?y?zM(II)?xM(III)yM(III)?z(OH)2](An?y+z/n).mH2O. by a process comprising: (1) preparing an aqueous or organic solution containing three or more cations; (2) preparing an alkaline solution; (3) slowly combining solutions (1) and (2) to cause the co-precipitation of the cations in the form of hydroxides; (4) washing the precipitate containing the hydrotalcites with water, until removal of the non-precipitated ions; (5) drying; and (6) calcining the hydrotalcites.

Abstract: A flue-gas purification system includes a flue-gas cycling system, a reactor, an absorbent adding system having at least a catalytic absorbent, wherein the catalytic absorbent is being gasified for reacting with the flue-gas in the reactor in a homogenous gas-gas phase reacting manner. Therefore, the purification system has fast reaction rate between the pollutants of the flue-gas and the catalytic absorbent, which is preferably ammonia, to efficiently remove pollutants, so as to effectively purify the flue-gas.

Abstract: A process for removing organic sulfur from a fuel gas stream that further contains light olefins by catalytic hydrodesulfurization to yield a treated fuel gas having an very low concentration of organic sulfur. The effluent of the catalytic hydrodesulfurization reactor may be cooled with a portion thereof being recycled and introduced along with the fuel gas stream that is charged to the hydrodesulfurization reactor. The remaining, unrecycled portion of the effluent may further be treated to remove the hydrogen sulfide that is yielded from by the hydrodesulfurization of the fuel gas stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing emissions of particulate matter from a gaseous stream are provided. The subject systems include a catalyst that reduces the amount of particulate matter emissions in the gaseous stream. Embodiments of the subject systems may also reduce the amount of particulate matter precursor emissions in the gaseous stream. In some cases, the subject systems and methods include a sorber that facilitates the reduction in particulate matter and particulate matter precursors in the gaseous stream. The subject methods and systems find use in a variety of applications where it is desired to reduce particulate matter emissions from a gaseous stream.

Abstract: A mixer and mixer assembly for turbulent mixing and enhancing a chemical reaction is provided. A method for using a mixer and mixer assembly for treatment of fluids is also provided. The mixer generally includes a first and second end, a surface configured for turbulent mixing, a catalyst supported thereon, and surface structure configured to increase interaction of catalyst and reactant. The mixer assembly generally includes a mixer inserted inside a fluid container or a tube and may also include a catalytic sleeve for enhancing interaction between catalyst and reactant.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from an oxygen-containing acid gas in configurations and methods in which oxygen is removed from the acid gas using reducing gases at relatively high temperature. The so treated acid gas is then fed to a direct reduction reactor in which the sulfur species are converted to elemental sulfur. Contemplated configurations are particularly effective and economically attractive as they are generally not limited by reaction equilibrium as present in a Claus reaction and do not require solvent and solvent-associated equipment.

Abstract: A carbon-based catalyst for flue gas desulfurization is brought into contact with a flue gas containing at least SO2 gas, oxygen and water vapor so that the SO2 gas can react with the oxygen and the water vapor to form sulfuric acid which is to be recovered. On a surface of the carbon-based catalyst, iodine, bromine or a compound thereof is added, ion exchanged or supported and a water-repellent treatment is applied. The carbon-based catalyst can also be used as a mercury adsorbent for flue gas treatment for adsorbing and removing metallic mercury from a flue gas containing metallic mercury, SO2 gas, oxygen and water vapor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for removing sulfur compounds from hydrocarbonaceous gases by using catalysts, with the exception of activated carbons and zeolites, which comprise copper, silver, zinc, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, nickel or mixtures thereof at temperatures of from (?50) to 150° C. and a pressure of from 0.1 to 10 bar.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to processes for efficient incineration and conversion of the tail gas streams from sulfur recovery units containing sulfur compounds such as H2S, CO2, COS, CS2, and other sulfur species and sulfur vapors from S1 to S8 to SO2. The present disclosure describes the use of a combination of catalysts to achieve efficient oxidation of all reduced sulfur compounds as well as oxidation of CO and H2 to meet the industry emission requirements. The catalytic tail gas incineration process described herein can advantageously operate at lower temperatures, which in turn can represent a savings in reduced fuel gas costs.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for disposal of di-sulphide compounds having the general formula of R—S—S—R, wherein R is an alkyl group, the method comprising the steps of: (a) combusting said di-sulphide compounds in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas in a sulphur dioxide generation zone, whereby at least part of the di-sulphide compounds is converted to sulphur dioxide to obtain a gas stream comprising sulphur dioxide; (b) reacting the gas stream comprising sulphur dioxide with hydrogen sulphide to obtain elemental sulphur.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing sulfur from a fuel gas stream that comprises an organic sulfur compound and a light olefin. The process includes introducing a fuel gas stream into an elongated hydrotreating reactor vessel in which it is contacted with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst under hydrodesulfurization process conditions. A quench gas stream is also introduced into the elongated hydrotreating reactor vessel at a location below the point of introduction of the fuel gas stream. A reactor effluent is yielded that contains hydrogen sulfide and a significantly reduced organic sulfur concentration that is below the organic sulfur concentration of the fuel gas stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing emissions of particulate matter from a gaseous stream are provided. The subject systems include a catalyst that reduces the amount of particulate matter emissions in the gaseous stream. Embodiments of the subject systems may also reduce the amount of particulate matter precursor emissions in the gaseous stream. In some cases, the subject systems and methods include a sorber that facilitates the reduction in particulate matter and particulate matter precursors in the gaseous stream. The subject methods and systems find use in a variety of applications where it is desired to reduce particulate matter emissions from a gaseous stream.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided with a NOx removing device and a particulate filter in an exhaust system. A temperature of the exhaust system is detected. A switching control is performed for alternately performing a process for removing sulfur oxide accumulated in said NOx removing device and a regeneration process for burning particulates trapped in said particulate filter, when it is determined to be necessary to perform at least one of the removal of the sulfur oxide in said NOx removing device and the regeneration of the particulate filter. The switching control is performed according to the detected exhaust system temperature.

Abstract: A sulfur species-containing feed gas is processed in a treatment plant in which COS is hydrolyzed, and in which so produced hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur species are absorbed in a lean hydrocarbon liquid. The sulfur species in the so formed rich hydrocarbon liquid are then subjected to catalytic conversion into disulfides, which are subsequently removed from the rich solvent. Most preferably, sulfur free lean solvent is regenerated in a distillation column and/or refinery unit, and light components are recycled from the rich hydrocarbon liquid to the absorber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and to an apparatus for continuously preparing hydrogen sulfide H2S, polysulfanes (H2Sx) being present in an H2S-containing crude gas stream obtained in the preparation. The crude gas stream is passed at temperatures of from 114 to 165° C. through catalytically active material (41) present in a vessel (42), and sulfur obtained here is collected in the bottom (43) of the vessel (42) and recycled to the preparation of H2S. The inventive apparatus comprises a reactor (1) for reacting sulfur and hydrogen, a cooler (40) connected to the reactor (1) for cooling an H2S-containing crude gas stream passed out of the reactor (1) to from 114 to 165° C., a vessel (42) which is connected to the cooler (40), comprises catalytically active material (41) and has a bottom (43) for collecting sulfur obtained from the crude gas stream comprising polysulfanes in the vessel (42) at from 114 to 165° C.

Abstract: The inventive method for hydrogen sulphide and/or mercaptans decomposition consists in passing hydrogen sulphide and/or mercaptan-containing gas at a temperature less than 200° C. through a hard material layer (catalyst) which decomposes said hydrogen sulphide or mercaptans in such a way that hydrogen or hydrocarbons are released and sulphur-containing compounds are formed on a material surface. Said hard material is placed in a liquid medium layer. Said invention makes it possible to use a hard material (catalyst) without a periodical regeneration thereof.

Abstract: Oxidic composition consisting essentially of oxidic forms of a first metal, a second metal, and optionally a third metal, the first metal being either Ca or Ba and being present in the composition in an amount of from about 5 to about 80 wt %, the second metal being Al and being present in the composition in an amount of from about 5 to about 80 wt %, the third metal being selected from the group consisting of La, Ti, and Zr, and being present in an amount of from 0 to about 17 wt %—all weight percentages calculated as oxides and based on the weight of the oxidic composition, the oxidic composition being obtainable by (a) preparing a physical mixture comprising solid compounds of the first, the second, and the optional third metal, (b) optionally aging the physical mixture, without anionic clay being formed, and (c) calcining the mixture. This composition is suitable for use in FCC processes for the passivation of metals with only minimal influence on the zeolite's hydrothermal stability.

Abstract: A filtering method and a filter device (10) for removing impurities from the breathing air (24) in a room, an air raid shelter or a vehicle. According to the filtering method, the air to be filtered is driven through a carbon dioxide filter (13) by a fan (15), with the result that at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and/or mold spores and other impurities in the air are trapped in the carbon dioxide filter. After the filtering, the filter is regenerated and the carbon dioxide and/or mold spores trapped in it are removed by a technique whereby air heated by a thermal resistor (20) is passed through the filter, this air preferably consisting of the same air to be filtered.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to processes for efficient incineration and conversion of the tail gas streams from sulfur recovery units containing sulfur compounds such as H2S, CO2, COS, CS2, and other sulfur species and sulfur vapors from S1 to S8 to SO2. The present disclosure describes the use of a combination of catalysts to achieve efficient oxidation of all reduced sulfur compounds as well as oxidation of CO and H2 to meet the industry emission requirements. The catalytic tail gas incineration process described herein can advantageously operate at lower temperatures, which in turn can represent a savings in reduced fuel gas costs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compressed metal oxide composition particle comprised of metal oxide and an organic binder, with the binder preferably being a water insoluble cellulose composition. The present invention also relates to a method for forming a compressed metal oxide composition particle, with the preferred method including compressing a metal oxide and binder mixture to form compressed metal oxide composition particles having a final particle size of between about 0.1 mm and about 200 mm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the regeneration of a SOx removal catalyst (14) and a NOx reducing catalyst (12). Additionally, this invention relates to the reduction or elimination of sulfur breakthrough from the SOx removal catalyst (14) to the NOx reducing catalyst (12) that may occur during or after a regeneration sequence.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a reverse-flow reactor comprising at least one catalyst bed which is preceded and followed by at least one bed containing selectively adsorbing material, and its application for in a process for the removal of contaminants from a process stream.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved apparatus and method of minimizing catalyst poisoning from exhaust gas streams containing inorganic deposits and particulate matter. More specifically, the present invention is directed to an upstream metallic foam trap and a downstream monolithic precious metal catalyst, wherein the trap physically blocks inorganic deposits and particulate matter from poisoning the downstream catalyst. The present invention is also directed to a metallic foam trap containing a coat comprising a first metallic thermal arc sprayed layer and optionally a second refractory metal oxide.

Abstract: A sulfur species-containing feed gas is processed in a treatment plant in which COS is hydrolyzed, and in which so produced hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur species are absorbed in a lean hydrocarbon liquid. The sulfur species in the so formed rich hydrocarbon liquid are then subjected to catalytic conversion into disulfides, which are subsequently removed from the rich solvent. Most preferably, sulfur free lean solvent is regenerated in a distillation column and/or refinery unit, and light components are recycled from the rich hydrocarbon liquid to the absorber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for removing sulfur from a fuel gas stream that comprises an organic sulfur compound and a light olefin. The process includes introducing a fuel gas stream into an elongated hydrotreating reactor vessel in which it is contacted with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst under hydrodesulfurization process conditions. A quench gas stream is also introduced into the elongated hydrotreating reactor vessel at a location below the point of introduction of the fuel gas stream. A reactor effluent is yielded that contains hydrogen sulfide and a significantly reduced organic sulfur concentration that is below the organic sulfur concentration of the fuel gas stream.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for removing mercaptans from a gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas and mercaptans, the process comprising the steps of: (a) contacting a first gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas and mercaptans with a hydrodesulphurisation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen in a hydrodesulphurisation unit to obtain a second gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas, which is depleted of mercaptans and enriched in H2S; (b) removing H2S from the second gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas in a H2S removal unit to obtain a purified gas stream comprising natural gas or inert gas, which is depleted of mercaptans.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for disposal of di-sulphide compounds, the method comprising the steps of: (a) combusting di-sulphide compounds at elevated temperature in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas in a sulphur dioxide generation zone, whereby at least part of the di-sulphide compounds is converted to sulphur dioxide to obtain a gas stream comprising sulphur dioxide; (b) reacting the gas stream comprising sulphur dioxide with hydrogen sulphide to obtain elemental sulphur.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method and apparatus for purifying carbon dioxide. Sulfur species are efficiently and effectively removed from the carbon dioxide by a series of steps which include heater/heat exchange means, impurity adsorption means and cooling means.

Abstract: Processes comprising: providing a crude gas comprising hydrogen chloride and at least one sulfur compound; and passing the crude gas across a sacrificial material such that at least a portion of the at least one sulfur compound is oxidized and precipitated as sulfate onto the sacrificial material to provide a hydrogen chloride product gas.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction apparatus has at least first and last catalyst layers in series for reducing nitrogen oxides in a flue gas, at least one interstage heat exchanger located after the first layer and before the last layer, that lowers flue gas temperature, and that acts as a mixing body to lower the standard deviation of the NH3/NO ratio entering catalyst layers after the first catalyst layer, thus providing better consumption of both ammonia and NOx in the reactor than would be achieved in the absence of the at least one interstage heat exchanger.

Abstract: A process for removing organic sulfur from a fuel gas stream that further contains light olefins by catalytic hydrodesulfurization to yield a treated fuel gas having an very low concentration of organic sulfur. The effluent of the catalytic hydrodesulfurization reactor may be cooled with a portion thereof being recycled and introduced along with the fuel gas stream that is charged to the hydrodesulfurization reactor. The remaining, unrecycled portion of the effluent may further be treated to remove the hydrogen sulfide that is yielded from by the hydrodesulfurization of the fuel gas stream.

Abstract: A reaction-based process has been developed for the selective removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from a multicomponent gas mixture to provide a gaseous stream depleted in CO2 compared to the inlet CO2 concentration in the stream. The proposed process effects the separation of CO2 from a mixture of gases (such as flue gas/fuel gas) by its reaction with metal oxides (such as calcium oxide). The Calcium based Reaction Separation for CO2 (CaRS—CO2) process consists of contacting a CO2 laden gas with calcium oxide (CaO) in a reactor such that CaO captures the CO2 by the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCOa). Once “spent”, CaCO3 is regenerated by its calcination leading to the formation of fresh CaO sorbent and the evolution of a concentrated stream of CO2. The “regenerated” CaO is then recycled for the further capture of more CO2. This carbonation-calcination cycle forms the basis of the CaRS—CO2 process.

Abstract: Systems and processes for removing a first sulfur compound from a hydrocarbon stream. The systems and process utilize at least one reaction vessel incorporating a hydrolysis catalyst suitable for hydrolyzing the first sulfur compound to a second sulfur compound. The reaction vessel also incorporates a sorbent material suitable for absorbing the second sulfur compound. Following hydrolysis of the first sulfur compound to the second sulfur compound and absorption of the second sulfur compound, a hydrocarbon-containing stream having a reduced sulfur content is produced. The hydrolysis catalyst and sorbent material may be provided in separate zones within the reaction vessel or provided as a mixture in a single zone. The hydrocarbon-containing stream having a reduced sulfur content is suitable for a variety of uses, including as a feedstreams for hydrogen plants, process gas streams for power generation plants, or for other uses for hydrocarbon-containing stream having reduced sulfur content.