Abstract: Air is fed to a cabin after having been purified to remove sulfur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons therefrom, e.g. to serve a space occupied by a human. According to the invention, an ozonizer is provided to generate ozone which is reacted with the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen monoxide to produce sulfur trioxide and nitrogen dioxide respectively. The pollutants are then taken up in part on sorption masses and the air is then heated before it is introduced into a catalyst mass wherein the carbon monoxide is reacted to form carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide can then be absorbed and the purified air, after cooling, can be fed to the cabin.

Abstract: A process for removing SO.sub.x pollutants from a stack gas by (1) absorbing the SO.sub.x pollutants into an aqueous absorbent containing a formate compound and (2) regenerating the spent absorbent containing dissolved SO.sub.x compounds by contact, in the presence of added formate anion, with a water-insoluble, solid substance containing one or more tertiary amine functional groups. Nitrogen monoxide is removed by providing in the aqueous absorbant an iron(II) chelate, such as a chelate of ferrous ion with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Regeneration of the spent absorbent containing absorbed NO is accomplished under the same conditions as for spent absorbents containing absorbed SO.sub.x compounds. SO.sub.x and NO pollutants dissolved in the absorbent are, during regeneration, converted to hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen, respectively.

Abstract: An air purification system chills incoming air to condense water and toxic gases, adsorbs toxic molecules, reheats the air to reduce its relative humidity, and then converts oxidizable contaminants into carbon dioxide with an oxidation catalyst.

Abstract: Improved process for the production of sulphur from a gas containing H.sub.2 S, SO.sub.2, H.sub.2 and/or CO, in which the gas is caused to pass through a CLAUS catalyst in a primary catalytic stage operating at between 200.degree. and 460.degree. C. in order to form sulphur, and thereafter the sulphur contained in the reaction mixture issuing from this stage is condensed through indirect heat exchange with water to produce steam.The improved process consists in constituting at least the final eighth of the catalyst volume in this stage by a composite mass formed from a refractory oxide on which is fixed a transition metal compound, for example Co and/or Mo, and in entering into contact the gas with this composite mass at between 300.degree. and 460.degree. C. in order to oxidize H.sub.2 and CO.The energy resulting from this oxidation is recovered in the form of a supplementary quantity of steam during the sulphur condensation.

Abstract: A method for the disposal of waste gas, which method comprises (a) heating the incoming waste gas containing hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and other inflammable organic compounds with the gas obtained by removing heat from the outlet gas of the catalytic-oxidation reactor, (b) further heating the resultant hot waste gas with part of the outlet gas of the catalytic-oxidation reactor, (c) subjecting the heated waste gas to complete oxidation in the catalytic-oxidation reactor thereby rendering the waste gas no longer noxious, (d) diverting part of the outlet gas of the catalytic-oxidation reactor to be used for heating the aforementioned heated waste gas, (e) causing at least part of the outlet gas of the reactor which has been used for heating the waste gas to mingle with the remainder of the outlet gas of the reactor, (f) causing the remainder of the outlet gas of the reactor which has been used for heating the waste gas to mingle with the aforementioned heated waste gas, and (g) subjecting to heat recovery

Abstract: A catalytic oxidation apparatus comprising a cylindrical honeycomb structure including a multiplicity of small passageways extending therethrough in parallel and having an oxidizing catalyst deposited thereon, a number of the passageways being separated as a catalyst regenerating zone from the other passageways, the regenerating zone being continuously shiftable throughout the entire honeycomb structure circumferentially thereof to render the honeycomb structure serviceable, from portion to portion, as the regenerating zone provided by the number of passageways.

Abstract: Reactor and method for providing improved conversion of oxidizable pollutants from a waste gas stream by passing such a gas stream at a velocity of less than about 200 feet per minute through a chamber containing a thin catalyst bed capable of oxidizing the oxidizable pollutants and having a temperture rise from the inlet side to the outlet side of the bed of between about 50.degree. C. and about 400.degree. C. and a distributor plate located upstream and parallel to the bed. The distributor plate contains a plurality of openings such that the plate surface has a total open area of less than about 10% therein. In a preferred embodiment wherein a plurality of catalyst beds are provided, separate distributor plates are placed between the inlet for each bed and the bed itself.

Abstract: In a process for oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid the carbon monoxide present in the recycle gas can be selectively oxidized to carbon dioxide with substantially no oxidation of the methacrolein content. A preferred catalyst for such an oxidation is a crystalline alumino silicate having pores of about 4-5 angstroms diameter and containing within the pores at least one metal or compound of the noble metal group, particularly platinum.

Abstract: Low heating value gases are combusted substoichiometrically in two combustion zones in series in contact with two different supported platinum catalysts in which the concentration of platinum in the catalyst in the first zone is higher than the concentration of platinum in the second catalyst. The combusted gas of reduced carbon monoxide can be directly vented to the atmosphere after energy has been extruded from it for a useful purpose.

Abstract: The combustible component of a stream of low heating value gas comprising carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane is combusted using less than a stoichiometric amount of air in the presence of an oxygenation catalyst and the heat energy in the combusted gas is utilized, for example, by expansion in a gas turbine.

Abstract: The combustible component of a gas stream of low heating value is combusted using less than a stoichiometric amount of oxygen with minor production of carbon monoxide due to the use of an oxygenation catalyst comprising at least three metals in a perovskite-type crystal structure. This combusted gas can be directly vented to the atmosphere after energy has been extracted from it for a useful purpose.

Abstract: A catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas comprising a carrier substantially composed of calcium aluminate and titanium oxide. The carrier is deposited with a platinum group metal or a metal oxide capable of oxidizing reductive gases into innoxious ones. The titanium oxide is applied on the surface of the carrier or incorporated in the carrier. The carrier may further comprise a transition metal oxide showing catalytic activity. A method of making a catalyst is also disclosed in which titanium oxide is applied on the surface of a solid mass of calcium aluminate.

Abstract: A unique class of copper zeolite combustion catalysts which are both highly siliceous and contain an extraordinary amount of zeolitic divalent copper cations which are prepared by ion exchanging the predominantly alkali metal cation form of ZSM-5 type zeolites with divalent copper cations and subjecting the resulting compositions to rigorous oxidation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for directing waste gases to a by-pass conduit from a conduit to a waste gas purifier in response to signals indicating predetermined conditions which are harmful to the waste gas purifier to which the waste gases are normally directed while at the same time maintaining a substantially uniform pressure at the source of the waste gases. Preferably, the source of the waste gases is a scrubber unit for a maleic anhydride production unit. The waste gas purifier is preferably a catalytic oxidation unit for oxidizing hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the waste gases.

Abstract: A process for the continuous and simultaneous conversion of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides contained in hot gases, and in particular from hot exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, is disclosed. The hot gases are passed in contact with a catalystic composite comprising uranium, rhodium, and platinum and/or palladium dispersed on a porous alumina surface.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I are useful in the separation of a gas such as oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur dioxide, alkenes and carbon monoxide from a fluid comprising the gas.Mn.sup.11 LX.sub.2 IIn formula I: L represents a monodentate ligand of formula IA and X is a species capable of existing as an anionPR.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 IAwherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 which may be identical or different represent substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl groups or hydrogen and X represents --Cl, --Br, --I, --CN, --NO.sub.2, --NO.sub.3, --OH, --NCS or --NCO, provided that no more than two of the groups R.sup.1 R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups and that at least one of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for treating a pollutant-containing gaseous effluent of the kind in which the pollutant is susceptible to catalytic oxidation to render it inoffensive, characterized by the steps of passing a major fraction of the effluent through material which will adsorb substantially all of the pollutant therein, while utilizing the remainder of the effluent to transfer, for catalytic oxidation in a catalytic reactor at an elevated temperature, pollutant which has already adsorbed on such material from said major fraction, and to promote the circulation of gases through the catalytic reaction zone, and repeatedly and appropriately changing the role of material from an adsorbing role to a catalytic oxidation role and back again. The process may involve two beds of material which are used alternately as adsorbing beds, the other bed meanwhile being stripped of adsorbed pollutant for catalysis.

Abstract: Catalysts for the low temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, used in smoking product filters, are described. The catalysts are carried upon a support which should be microporous. The catalysts may include mixtures of tin or tin compounds with other catalytic material. The catalysts may involve a Redox mechanism. The catalysts exhibit resistance to deactivation caused by contact with water.

Abstract: Small amounts of a promoter comprising palladium and ruthenium enhance the combustion of carbon monoxide within the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit without simultaneously causing the formation of excessive amounts of nitrogen oxides. The palladium-ruthenium promoter also enhances the capture of sulfur oxides by suitable absorbents within the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit without causing the formation of excessive amounts of nitrogen oxides. The ratio by weight on an elemental metal basis of palladium to ruthenium is from about 0.1 to about 10.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic combustion of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and the catalytic reduction of the oxides of nitrogen contained in a gas stream. The process involves intimately contacting the gaseous stream with a catalyst bed comprising copper metal or copper ion and a high silica zeolite.

Abstract: A method for the removal of CO from flue gas which comprises contacting a spent noble metal reforming catalyst with flue gas from a cat cracker regenerator at 1000.degree.-1350.degree. F. to effectively oxidize CO to CO.sub.2. The spent catalyst while no longer efficient in a reforming process is found to be effective in reducing the CO level to a concentration range of 5000 parts per million and less.

Abstract: Device and method for removing dissolved organic acids from entrained liquid droplets in a waste gas stream comprising (1) heating the liquid droplets in the waste gas stream to the vaporization temperature, and (2) contacting the waste gas stream with a collecting means whereby the dissolved organic acids are deposited on the means of evaporization of the liquid droplets to thereby produce the heated gas stream substantially free of the liquid droplets.

Abstract: Separating carbon monoxide from mixed gases containing the same with an adsorbent which is the product of heating a mixture of ferrous acetate and polyacrylonitrile in a ratio of ferrous acetate to polyacrylonitrile of 0.5:1.0 to 2.0:1.0 at a temperature of about 200.degree.-400.degree. C. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere for from about 2 to 10 hours.

Abstract: Systems and methods for directing waste gases to a by-pass conduit from a conduit to a waste gas purifier in response to signals indicating predetermined conditions which are harmful to the waste gas purifier to which the waste gases are normally directed while at the same time maintaining a substantially uniform pressure at the source of the waste gases. Preferably, the source of the waste gases is a scrubber unit for a maleic anhydride production unit. The waste gas purifier is preferably a catalytic oxidation unit for oxidizing hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the waste gases.

Abstract: Method for removal of carbon monoxide from air wherein air to be purified is passed through a catalyst for promotion of oxidation of carbon monoxide consisting of a carrier including powdered activated carbon, an alkali, and a bonding agent and inpregnated with palladium alone or in combination one or more of the elements ruthenium, rhodium, and platinum. The amount of included alkali is made such that there is reduced risk of combustion due to presence of activated carbon, and the bonding agent renders the catalyst more resistant to vibration, while high rates of carbon removal are achieved at comparatively low temperature and high rates of air flow through the catalyst.

Abstract: The combustible component of a gas stream of low heating value is combusted using less than a stoichiometric amount of oxygen with minor production of carbon monoxide in the presence of an oxygenation catalyst comprising platinum and a cocatalyst selected from Groups IIA and VIIB, Group VIII up through atomic No. 45, the lanthanides, chromium, zinc, silver, tin and antimony. This combusted gas can be directly vented to the atmosphere after energy has been extracted from it for a useful purpose.

Abstract: Process for the selective catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in the presence of olefin monomers without appreciable oxidation of such monomers. According to this process, a gaseous waste stream containing carbon monoxide, olefin monomers, and a variety of other agents, is contacted with a catalytically effective amount of copper chromite, preferably in an oxygen enriched environment, at temperatures in the range from about 200.degree. C. to about 325.degree. C. The contact time of the stream with the catalyst bed can vary within broad limits, and the duration of which will vary inversely with the temperature of the catalyst bed.

Abstract: A carbon supported catalyst used for carbon monoxide oxidation is chemically modified by treating the activated carbon support with an oxidizing agent and/or a hydrophobic compound prior to impregnation with the catalyst mixture. The thus treated catalytic carbon is capable of oxidizing carbon monoxide in an air stream containing sulfur dioxide over an extended period of time.

Abstract: Oxidation of suitable feedstock is provided wherein such feedstock is subjected to oxidation conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of a solid containing, at least in part, a synthetic amorphous solid prepared by hydrolyzing and polymerizing in the presence of water a silane having the formula R(Si)X.sub.3, wherein R is a non-hydrolyzable organic group, X is a hydrolyzable group and (Si) is selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## and ##STR2## and calcining the polymerized product, said silane being admixed with a second compound, R'.sub.n MY.sub.m, wherein R' is selected from the group consisting of the same groups as R, Y is selected from the group consisting of the same groups as X and oxygen, M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of elements of Groups IIIA, IVA, IVB, VA, VB, VIB, VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table, m is any number greater than 0 and up to 8 and n is from 0 to any number less than 8.

Abstract: A carbon supported catalyst used for carbon monoxide oxidation is chemically modified by treating the activated carbon support with an oxidizing agent and/or a hydrophobic compound prior to impregnation with the catalyst mixture. The thus treated catalytic carbon is capable of oxidizing carbon monoxide in an air stream containing sulfur dioxide over an extended period of time.

Abstract: Hydrogen-containing gas mixtures including saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon gases, carbon monoxide and organic sulfur contaminants are purified by passing them over a hydrogenation catalyst containing phosphorus with the addition of predetermined limited amounts of water. The process makes it possible to produce hydrogen-containing gases which can be used for hydrogenation processes with the elimination or reduction of carbon monoxide, olefins and organic sulfur, all brought about simultaneously by passing the gas mixture over the same catalyst and in the same reactor.

Abstract: Catalyst useful to purify exhaust gases from motor vehicles and the like comprising SnO.sub.2 and at least one of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir and Ru added thereto to ensure improved activity. The catalyst may further contain silica and is thereby improved in mechanical strength. Ceramic fibers, when additionally incorporated into the catalyst, further increases the mechanical strength of the catalyst.

Abstract: A method of purifying a hydrogenated gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide, for example a gaseous mixture obtained by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, has a hydrogen sulphide elimination step which comprises a reaction between sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide to form sulphur, the reaction being carried out in a solvent for sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide.

Abstract: A process for the separation of carbon monoxide from mixed gases comprising contacting the mixed gases with an absorbent system consisting essentially of an inert diluent and a copper (I) salt of a sulfonic acid or of a dialkyl phosphate.

Abstract: Alloys reacting with water, water vapor and reactive gases at temperatures in the range of about 200.degree. to about 650.degree. C have essential components of nickel, titanium an zirconium. The alloys can be made by arc melting zirconium, nickel and titanium and can be formed into sheet or foil by inert-atmosphere hot rolling. The alloys can also be made by plating nickel on a sheet of zirconium-titanium alloy and then conduction a diffusion process by heating the plated alloy in vacuum.

Abstract: The system for removing carbon monoxide from compressed air comprises two towers, each of which has a section containing a desiccant and an adjacent section containing hopcalite for converting the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. A four-way, reversible main valve communicates with the desiccant end of either tower. The hopcalite end of the towers is connected through a pressure reducer which reduces pressure of all the compressed air in the system. After the compressed air is dried and the carbon monoxide removed, the air passes through the desiccant containing moisture from a previous cycle so as to be rehumidified for its exit from the main valve and so as to regenerate the desiccant for a reverse cycle. The two towers may be side by side or may be concentrically positioned, in which case a common heat conducting wall assists in drying the moisture containing desiccant. The system operates with no loss of air and with no net gain or loss of moisture in the system.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for catalytically oxidizing organic compounds (for example, methane, ethane, propylene and carbon monoxide), catalytically reducing oxides of nitrogen with a reducing fuel as well as for the production of methane by the steam reforming of naphtha and naphtha distillates. The catalyst used in such processes consists essentially of an inert, rigid, porous refractory honeycomb structure coated with a mixture or alloy of platinum, rhodium and a base metal in which rhodium constitutes from 1 - 50 weight % and the base metal constitutes from 0.01 to 25 weight % of the total metal content.

Abstract: In catalytic gas phase reactions there is used a catalyst comprising a sputtered deposit of catalytic material equivalent to between 0.5 and 5 monatomic layers upon a hard, substantially non-porous substrate. The substrate being hard and non-porous is of low surface area, that is not greater than 20 square meters per gram, and preferably comprises particles having a size in the range 0.1 micron to 0.5 centimeters.

Abstract: A reducing gas, such as, carbon monoxide (CO) or unsaturated hydrocarbons, is oxidized by contacting a mixture of the gas and oxygen with a catalyst or reagent which includes palladium sulfate and ammonium molybdate adsorbed on silica gel. The reducing gas is oxidized by the reagent and simultaneously reduces the reagent from a first oxidation state to a second, with an accompanying color change, which indicates the presence of the reducing gas. If the reducing gas is an unsaturated hydrocarbon it can be converted to an oxygenated hydrocarbon. A salt of a transition metal (such as, copper, iron, or nickel) is included in the reagent so it is oxidized back to the first state (regenerated) by atmospheric oxygen. The catalyst also promotes the synthesis of oxygenated hydrocarbons from the reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbons with other hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Certain crystalline aluminum borate catalyst supports containing about 8-25 weight-percent of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 are found to provide unusually stable and active catalysts for high-temperature chemical conversions, particularly exhaust gas conversion, when prepared by precalcining shaped composites of alumina and boria at temperatures between about 1250.degree. and 2600.degree. F, prior to the addition thereto of active metal or metals. Calcination at below 1250.degree. F is found to yield amorphous catalysts of inferior activity, while at temperatures above 2600.degree. F drastic reductions in surface area may occur.

Abstract: A process for preparing an oxidic, carrier catalyst comprising at least one heavy metal compound as active component, said process comprising providing a carrier comprising a temperature resistant material with a catalytically active coating by intensively mixing said carrier with a binding agent, and at least one pulverulent, oxidic heavy metal compound or with a pulverulent mass containing at least one of said oxidic heavy metal compounds or at least one hydroxyl group-containing precursor of said heavy metal compounds, and subsequently heating the resulting mass to remove said binding agent. The catalyst and the process of using the catalyst in the purification of exhaust gases are provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for catalytically oxidizing organic compounds (for example methane, ethane, propylene and carbon monoxide) catalytically reducing oxides of nitrogen with a reducing fuel and the production of methane by the steam reforming of naphtha and naphtha distillates. In particular the invention relates to a process for the oxidation of carbon monoxide or a hydrocarbon present in an oxygen-containing gas stream to carbon dioxide and water.

Abstract: Zeolitic molecular sieves having high SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratios and containing Ag.sup.+ cations are found to exhibit a high degree of selectivity and affinity for CO molecules and are capable of separating CO from gas streams even when water vapor is present.

Abstract: Oxidation and reduction reactions using metal oxyhalide catalysts of the general formula ABO.sub.3.sub.-f X.sub.f having perovskite-type crystal structures in which A and B are each cations of at least one metal and a portion of the type B cations are catalytically active; X is fluoride or chloride; and f is about from 0.01 to 2.5.

Abstract: Polluted air containing carbon monoxide can be cleaned by passing at ambient temperature the polluted air, firstly through a filter for adsorbing materials capable of reducing at ambient temperature the oxidation activity of a noble metal catalyst and then through a catalyst layer, which is composed of the noble metal catalyst supported by active carbon and contains 20 to 50% by weight of water based on the weight of total weight of the noble metal catalyst and the active carbon.

Abstract: Catalyst members of a class exemplified by La.sub.0.8 K.sub.0.2 MnO.sub.3 catalyze the conversion of NO.sub.x pollutants to the non-polluting materials N.sub.2 O, N.sub.2, and O.sub.2. These compounds are also effective for promoting oxidation reactions such as CO to CO.sub.2.

Abstract: Gases are removed from enclosed spaces by (1) purging the space to be enclosed with a reactive gas such as carbon dioxide, (2) adding a metal hydrocarbyloxide and a solid absorbent for the volatile reaction products of the reactive gas and the metal hydrocarbyloxide, e.g., a solid absorbent such as activated charcoal, and (3) enclosing the space, e.g., by hermetically sealing the container. This method for gas removal is particularly useful in the production of thermal insulating articles such as double walled vacuum containers for storage of foods and beverages.

Abstract: A method for removing efficiently and economically harmful materials from a waste gas exhausted in a process for producing acrylonitrile by ammoxidation of propylene, which comprises dividing the waste gas exhausted after the absorption of acrylonitrile into two flows, mixing the first flow gas with air in an amount necessary for combustion of the combustible gas contained in the whole waste gas, subjecting the main flow gas of the mixed gas thus obtained to heat-exchange with the gas of the outlet of the first catalyst layer, combining the main flow gas with the remainder of the mixed gas, preheating thereby the mixed gas at a temperature of 200.degree. to 450.degree. C, passing the preheated mixed gas through the first catalyst layer wherein at least one noble metal is dispersed on an alumina carrier, and therein burning the gas at a temperature of 650.degree. to 750.degree.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyst suitable for use in the process of a) the reduction of an oxide of nitrogen present in a gas containing nitrogen, and b) for the oxidation of carbon monoxide or one or more organic compounds present in a gas. The catalyst comprises an inert material impregnated or coated with a mixture or alloy comprising 5-75 weight % ruthenium, optionally 0-30 weight % base metal and balance platinum in an amount not less than 5 weight %.

Abstract: A process and catalyst are disclosed for purifying an atmosphere containing carbon monoxide by passing the atmosphere through a bed of a catalyst of TbO.sub.x, where x = 1.8 to 1.5, which oxidizes the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.