Abstract: A phosphorus production method can include reducing feed containing phosphate ore and providing a silica ratio from 0.3 to 0.7 in a reaction chamber from 1250 to 1380° C. Less than 20% of the phosphate remains in the residue. Another phosphorus production method includes continuously moving a reducing bed through the reaction chamber with the feed agglomerates substantially stable while in the reducing bed. Reaction chamber temperature can be from 1250 to 1380° C. A phosphorus production system includes a barrier wall segmenting the reaction chamber into a reduction zone differentiated from a preheat zone. The bed floor is configured to move continuously from the preheat zone to the reduction zone during operation. A method for producing a reduction product includes exothermically oxidizing reduction/oxidation products in the reaction chamber, thereby adding heat to the reducing bed from the freeboard as a second heat source.

Abstract: A method of selecting or determining a candidate compound suitable for use as a phosphate binder is disclosed. The candidate compound includes ferric compounds, ferric compound complexes, and their derivatives, salts, analogs, and metabolites. The effectiveness of the candidate compound as a phosphate binder is evaluated by a method, comprising measuring and correlating reduction of phosphate concentration in solution and reduction of phosphate absorption in cells.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an apparatus for thermally refining phosphorus. The apparatus comprises: a melting furnace for melting rock phosphate into melts, including a feed port and a melt outlet; and a reduction-oxidation furnace including a furnace body which gas a melt inlet, a slag outlet, and a fume outlet, and a blow gun, wherein the melt inlet and the melt outlet are in communication with each other and wherein the blow gun has an end inserted into the furnace body. The content of impurities in fumes containing phosphorus pentaoxide is low, and the phosphorus pentaoxide can be easily extracted with a high purity of the phosphorus pentaoxide and at low cost by means of the apparatus for thermally refining phosphorus according to the present invention.

Abstract: A method for making a phosphorated composite is provided. First, a mixture is obtained by mixing a source material with red phosphorus. The weight ratio of the source material to the red phosphorus ranges from about 1:10 to about 5:1. Second, the mixture is dried in an inert atmosphere or vacuum. Third, the mixture is heated in a reacting room filled with an inert atmosphere so that the red phosphorus sublimes. Finally, the reacting room is cooled down.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a reduction-oxidation furnace for thermally refining phosphorus. The reduction-oxidation furnace comprises a furnace body and a blow gun, wherein the furnace body has a slag outlet, a fume outlet, and a melt inlet for feeding melts formed by melting rock phosphate into the furnace body and wherein the blow gun has an end inserted into the furnace body. The content of impurities in fumes containing phosphorus pentaoxide is low, the phosphorus pentaoxide can be easily extracted with a high purity of the phosphorus pentaoxide and at low cost by means of the reduction-oxidation furnace for thermally refining phosphorus according to the present invention.

Abstract: Methods for preparing a tricalcium phosphate coarse particle composition are provided. Aspects of the methods include converting an initial tricalcium phosphate particulate composition to hydroxyapatite, sintering the resultant hydroxyapatite to produce a second tricalcium phosphate composition and then mechanically manipulating the second tricalcium phosphate composition to produce a tricalcium phosphate coarse particle composition. The subject methods and compositions produced thereby find use in a variety of applications.

Abstract: A composition of matter and method of forming a radiation shielding member at ambient temperatures in which the composition of matter includes a ‘cold-fired’ chemically bonded oxide-phosphate ceramic cement matrix; with one or more suitably prepared and distributed radiation shielding materials dispersed in the ‘cold-fired’ chemically bonded oxide-phosphate ceramic cement matrix.

Abstract: A lithium-ion battery includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. The anode includes a phosphorated composite including a conductive matrix and a red phosphorus. The conductive matrix includes a material being selected from the group consisting of conductive polymer and conductive carbonaceous material. A weight percentage of the conductive matrix in the phosphorated composite ranges from about 10% to about 85%. A weight percentage of the red phosphorus in the phosphorated composite ranges from about 15% to about 90%.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a particle production method whereby spherical fine particles of a crystalline calcium phosphate-based compound can be efficiently produced at low cost, fine particles (especially, spherical particles) with good flowability produced by the particle production method, and a high-quality sintered body obtained by sintering a molded body of the particles.

Abstract: Active materials of the invention contain at least one alkali metal and at least one other metal capable of being oxidized to a higher oxidation state. Preferred other metals are accordingly selected from the group consisting of transition metals (defined as Groups 4-11 of the periodic table), as well as certain other non-transition metals such as tin, bismuth, and lead. The active materials may be synthesized in single step reactions or in multi-step reactions. In at least one of the steps of the synthesis reaction, reducing carbon is used as a starting material. In one aspect, the reducing carbon is provided by elemental carbon, preferably in particulate form such as graphites, amorphous carbon, carbon blacks and the like. In another aspect, reducing carbon may also be provided by an organic precursor material, or by a mixture of elemental carbon and organic precursor material.

Abstract: Methods for producing an electrode active material precursor, comprising: a) producing a mixture comprising particles of lithium hydrogen phosphate, having a first average particle size, and a metal hydroxide, having a second average particle size; and b) grinding said mixture in a jet mill for a period of time suitable to produce a generally homogeneous mixture of particles having a third average size smaller than said first average size. The precursor may be used as a starting material for making electrode active materials for use in a battery, comprising lithium, a transition metal, and phosphate or a similar anion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to acids of the general formula [I], [RyPF6-y]?H+ [I], where y=1, 2 or 3, and in which the ligands R may be identical or different and R is a perfluorinated C1-8-alkyl or aryl group or R is a partially fluorinated C1-8-alkyl or aryl group, in which some of the F or H may have been substituted by chlorine. The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the acids according to the invention, to salts comprising a cation and the anion of the acid according to the invention, and to a process for the preparation of the salts. The invention furthermore relates to the use of the acids and salts according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for upgrading feedstock prepared from raw phosphate ore. Phosphorus sludge is burned to produce impure phosphoric acid and the acid is combined with beneficiated phosphate ore to prepare anhydrous monocalcium phosphate. Feedstock prepared from raw phosphate ore is blended with anhydrous monocalcium phosphate to upgrade the feedstock.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluoroalkyl phosphates, to a process for the preparation, and to their use as conductive salts in batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors and galvanic cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures of fluoroalkylphosphate salts and polymers, methods of producing same, and their use in electrolytes, batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors and galvanic cells.

Abstract: To provide an adhesive film having a high durability. A protective film comprising a cured resin and a filler dispersed in said cured resin, wherein said filler is composed of ceramic particles made of a composition containing alumina and zirconia, and said zirconia has mainly a tetragonal crystal form and is dispersed in said ceramic particles.

Abstract: Bismuth- and phosphorus-containing catalyst supports, naphtha reforming catalysts made from such supports, methods of making both support and catalyst, and a naphtha reforming process using such catalysts.

Abstract: A method of recovering elementary phosphorus from an aqueous sludge containing about 1 to about 15 wt % dispersed particles of phosphorus is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a phosphorus treated activated carbon composition suitable for use as a catalyst support, a catalyst, and an adsorbent. The invention method involves treating (e., mixing or impregnating) an activated carbon material having a surface area greater than 100 m2/g with a phosphorus-containing compound, drying, and heating to a temperature of from 450° C. to about 1200° C., wherein the resulting composition is characterized by a phosphorus compound combined with the carbon in an amount of from above 2.5% to about 10% phosphorus, based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel lithium fluorophosphates of the general formula Li+[PFa(CHbFc(CF3)d)e]−,  (I) wherein a is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, b is 0 or 1, c is 0, 1, 2 or 3, d is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and e is 1, 2, 3 or 4, with the condition that the sum of a+e is equal to 6, the sum of b+c+d is equal to 3 and b and c are not simultaneously 0, with the proviso that the ligands (CHbFc(CF3)d) may be different, a process for producing said compounds, their use in electrolytes, and also lithium batteries produced using said electrolytes.

Abstract: Elemental phosphorus was produced by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) at Muscle Shoals, Ala. by smelting phosphatic material with carbon in electric furnaces. Solid wastes containing elemental phosphorus accumulated at the production facility as a result of TVA's operation at Muscle Shoals. Soil became polluted with elemental phosphorus from contact with phosphorus-containing wastes and remediation of the polluted soil is needed to restore land at the site to usefulness. The present invention entails agglomeration of the polluted soil by nodulizing to prepare feedstock for electric furnaces; reacting phosphoric acid with finely divided phosphate ore forming a porous, monolithic mass of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate; disintegrating the monolithic mass to form lumps; heating lumps to obtain anhydrous monocalcium phosphate; and simultaneous smelting of agglomerated soil and anhydrous monocalcium phosphate with carbon in an electric furnace.

Abstract: This invention encompasses porous, nanocrystalline, biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings of the order of 2-30 microns that can be grown on metal implants. The chemical surface treatments and methods for making the calcium phosphate coatings are disclosed. Post treatment with dilute hydrogels such as phema reinforce the inorganic structure and enhance the mechanical strength of the coatings. Methods are also disclosed for adsorbing or covalently attaching growth factor proteins to derivatives of the hydrogel coated calcium phosphate coatings. Such hydrogel reinforced calcium phosphate coatings show equivalent bone tissue growth as the currently used implants and are easily resorbed. This property in combination with the immobilized growth factors is expected to enhance the process of osseointegration of the disclosed coatings.

Abstract: Phosphorus furnaces were operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) to produce elemental phosphorus beginning over the period 1936-1976. Elemental phosphorus was lost in phosphorus-containing waste throughout the 40 years TVA produced the element. Large quantities of phosphorus-containing wastes remain at the site where TVA produced the chemical.Technology has not been available to treat phosphorus-containing waste so as to recover elemental phosphorus and produce an innocuous waste material. White phosphorus is a dangerous chemical and it is very toxic. Essentially all the elemental phosphorus must be recovered if an innocuous waste is produced. Commercial processes have not been available to recover elemental phosphorus from phosphorus-containing wastes.Elemental phosphorus is produced commercially by smelting phosphatic material in electric furnaces. A process has been invented to prepare phosphatic feedstock from phosphorus-containing waste.

Abstract: Phossy water is a toxic liquid waste that is generated when elemental phosphorus is manufactured, stored, or processed into phosphorus-containing products. Elemental phosphorus may be prsent as a solution, as colloidal particles, and as settleable particles.The primary objects of the invention are as follows:1. To provide a process for the disposal of phossy water stored at the TVA National Fertilizer and Environmental Research Center.2. To provide a process for the recovery of phossy water that will be generated when hazardous wastes stored at the TVA National Fertilizer and Environmental Research Center are recycled.Phossy water can be disposed of by using it to quench and granulate molten slag at electric furnaces used to manufacture elemental phosphorus. The elemental phosphorus content of the phossy water is limited to about 2 parts per million.Phossy water that will be generated during recycling of hazardous wastes can be recovered by using it in the process to produce fluid fertilizers.

Abstract: A process for the production of a red phosphorus powder, which comprises heating a yellow phosphorus at the boiling point therof in the presence of a dispersant selected from the group of a surfactant, a sparingly in water, finely powdered inorganic compound, an inorganic ammonium salt or an organic compound containing an amino group, thereby to partly convert the yellow phosphorus to red phosphorus, removing most of the unconverted yellow phosphorus by distillation at the boiling point of yellow phosphorus, and further removing the slight amount of the still remaining yellow phosphorus by heating a temperature not lower than the boiling point of yellow phosphorus to obtain a red phosphorus fine powder which is less apt to undergo a disproportionation reaction.

Abstract: A process for reprocessing sulfuric acid obtained in the purification of yellow phosphorous, which comprises mixing the contaminated sulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide and reacting this mixture in a vessel containing hot concentrated sulfuric acid at 110.degree. to 210.degree. C. in the presence of FeSO.sub.4, MnSO.sub.4 or NiSO.sub.4 as a catalyst is described.

Abstract: Amorphous red phosphorus useful for matches, or as flame retardant is made by forming a slurry of 10-45% red phosphorus in molten white phosphorus, reducing the content of yellow phosphorus to less than 20% of the red phosphorus by separation at less than 280.degree. C., and then heating the product at above 295.degree. C. to convert, and preferably also evaporate, the white phosphorus.

Abstract: A flame retardant comprising of spherical red phosphorus free of pulverized face which is directly produced in the form of fine powder by conversion of yellow phosphorus, without pulverizing process. The red phosphorus characterized by its surface state and shape entirely different from any prior pulverized red phosphorus has not only a high flame retarding ability, but also a superior combination of chemical and physical properties, particularly with regard to corrosion resistance, moisture resistance, mechanical strength and dielectric properties which make it highly valuable and useful as a flame retardant for various nonflammable resinous compositions used in electric articles including electronic parts, machines, automobiles and buildings. The flame retardant is desirably coated with thermosetting rein and/or hydroxide of aluminum and/or zinc, thereby greatly improved in its stability.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting precipitator dust obtained during production of elemental phosphorus into feedstock for the submerged-arc electric furnace. Precipitator dust is agglomerated and indurated to prepare furnace feedstock. A binder is made by reacting acidic phosphorus compounds with alkaline substances. The preferred acidic phosphorus compound is phosphoric acid, and the preferred alkaline substance is ground phosphate ore. Precipitator dust is tumbled with the binder to form agglomerates, and the agglomerates are then indurated by heating. Gases evolved during preparation of binder, agglomeration of precipitator dust, and induration of the agglomerates are scrubbed with an aqueous medium having a pH in the range of 5.5 to 6.0. Scrubber effluent is used as feedstock for the production of suspension fertilizer. The indurated agglomerates are smelted in a submerged-arc electric furnace.

Abstract: Elemental phosphorus contained in waste ponds can be appropriately passivated to render them substantially less pyrophoric by bringing the elemental phosphorus-containing wastes into contact with an oxygen-containing gas. Substantially pure oxygen can be used to appropriately sparge the elemental phosphorus-containing wastes submerged in the waste pond. If desired, phosphorus values can be recovered in the form of an aqueous phosphate solution.

Abstract: New processes and equipment are disclosed for producing elemental phosphorus and thermal phosphoric acid. Benefits are listed below.1. Phosphorus-containing solids are recycled to smelting furnaces thus eliminating hazardous waste generation.2. Phosphorus furnace feedstock is upgraded and this permits unbeneficiated phosphate ore to be smelted.3. Energy is conserved during manufacture of elemental phosphorus and phosphoric acid.4. Electric energy is produced by cogeneration.5. Fluorine in phosphate ore is recovered as ammonium fluoride.6. Phosphorus-containing liquids are used as feedstock for production of suspension fertilizers.Benefits are achieved by agglomerating phosphate ore with monocalcium phosphate binder by a method which upgrades the ore. Phosphorus-containing solids are fluidized and burned to form an impure phosphoric acid mixture which is reacted with small sized phosphate ore to form monocalcium phosphate binder.

Abstract: A process is provided for working up dusts which have been precipitated electrostatically from the gas mixture composed essentially of carbon monoxide and phosphorus vapor produced in the electrothermal production of yellow phosphorus, which process comprises converting the dusts into a calcinate at 300.degree. to 800.degree. C. under oxidizing conditions in a first step, leaching the calcinate with phosphoric acid in a second step, adjusting the pH of the solution in phosphoric acid to 0 to 1.5 with sodium hydroxide solution in a third step, precipitating the sulfides of lead, copper and cadmium from the partially neutralized solution in phosphoric acid by adding sulfide and filtering them off in a fourth step, adjusting the pH of the filtered, partially neutralized solution in phosphoric acid to about 1.5 to 5.

Abstract: Metallic constituents, especially heavy metal constituents are removed from dust electrostatically separated from a gas mixture consisting substantially of carbon monoxide and phosphorus in vapor form obtained during the electrothermal production of yellow phosphorus. To this end, the dust is initially calcined with continuous agitation under oxidizing conditions at temperatures of 300.degree. to 800.degree. C.; next, the resulting calcined matter is mixed with carbon and the mixture is treated at temperatures of 950.degree. to 1200.degree. C. under reducing conditions with volatilization of the metallic constituents; and the volatized metallic constituents are ultimately condensed and separated.

Abstract: A flame retardant comprising of spherical red phosphorus free of pulverized face which is directly produced in the form of fine powder by conversion of yellow phosphorus, without pulverizing process. The red phosphorus characterized by its surface state and shape entirely different from any prior pulverized red phosphorus has not only a high flame retarding ability, but also a superior combination of chemical and physical properties, particularly with regard to corrosion resistance, moisture resistance, mechanical strength and dielectric properties which make it highly valuable and useful as a flame retardant for various nonflammable resinous compositions used in electric articles including electronic parts, machines, automobiles and buildings. The flame retardant is desirably coated with thermosetting resin and/or hydroxide of aluminum and/or zinc, thereby greatly improved in its stability.

Abstract: A process for treating a pyrophoric P.sub.4 -containing material to convert it to a substantially non-pyrophoric P.sub.2 O.sub.5 material is described. The process comprises supplying streams of fluid P.sub.4 -containing material and an oxygen-containing gas to a reactor filled with water. The P.sub.4 -containing material and the oxygen and the oxygen-containing gas react with one another after both have entered the aqueous medium within the reactor to thereby form the desired P.sub.2 O.sub.5 material.

Abstract: Compacted shapes of phosphatic material, suitable as a charge for a phosphorus furnace, are produced by compacting a mixture of calcined phosphate fines and phosphoric acid. The compacted shapes are conveniently produced on a roll briquetting press.

Abstract: Ferrophos is treated in a plasma furnace by maintaining an electric arc between a cathode and at least one point on the surface of the ferrophos which serves as the anode in the presence of an inert plasma gas, maintaining the average temperature of the ferrophos at about 2,000.degree. C. to about 2,700.degree. C., evolving gaseous phosphorus from the ferrophos until it contains less than about 7% by weight phosphorus, removing a purified phosphorus gas as one product and a metal concentrate having a reduced phosphorus content as a coproduct.

Abstract: Nodule fines, formed by abrasion of an electric furnace feed material of phosphate shale nodules, are utilized by mixing a recycle stream of the nodule fines with fresh phosphate in the presence of phosphoric acid prior to forming the shale into nodules. The phosphoric acid prevents loss in mechanical strength of the nodule caused by admixture with the nodule fines.

Abstract: Phosphorus values in the raffinate from wet acid purification and nodule fines from an electric phosphorus furnace are recovered as elemental phosphorus by forming briquettes with a bed of the raffinate and nodule fines, curing the briquettes and feeding the cured briquettes plus the requisite coke and silica fluxing agent into an electric phosphorus furnace.

Abstract: A process for producing phosphorus, which comprises supplying a phosphorite ore to melting simultaneously with feeding paraffin or higher fatty acids C.sub.20 -C.sub.24, melting the phosphorite ore in the presence of a reducing agent and quartzite with the formation of flue gases containing vapours of phosphorus. The flue gases are subjected to cleaning and condensation with the recovery of phosphorus and the formation of a slime. The slime is subjected to extraction with paraffin or higher fatty acids C.sub.16 -C.sub.24 to recover phosphorus therefrom.

Abstract: Phosphorus mud and other phosphorus-containing waste materials are processed to remove water and phosphorus and to leave a solid mass which is safe for disposal. The phosphorus mud is heated to boil off the water and then to boil off yellow phosphorus, which is subsequently condensed. The residual phosphorus then is removed mainly by burning off in air along with some volatilization, so as to increase the recovery rate of solids from the waste material, when compared to removal of residual phosphorus by volatilization under nitrogen. A significant improvement in processing rate is achieved at the expense of a loss of a minor amount of recoverable phosphorus.

Abstract: A method of decontaminating a location containing pyrophoric P.sub.4 -contamination is described. It comprises bringing to the location a portable vehicle which comprises at least one of the necessary items needed to accomplish the contacting of the P.sub.4 -contaminated material, while it is under a protective blanket of a nonflammable fluid, with an oxygen-containing gas, such as air, pure oxygen, or mixtures thereof. The portable vehicle may contain, for example, a scrubber, a source of oxygen, a pump, means to convey the oxygen-containing gas to the P.sub.4 -contaminated material, and means to convey any effluent resulting from the treatment to suitable recovery or treatment apparatus.

Abstract: In the electric arc furnace production of elemental phosphorus, cold phossy water is segregated from hot phossy water. The cold phossy water is discharged to a lined pond wherein solids settle to form a clarified cold water which is recycled for cooling and washing purposes. The hot phossy water is passed through a lamellar settler wherein phosphorus and solids are separated as a sludge to form a clarified hot water. The clarified hot water, without requiring additional heat, is recycled for process use. Phosphorus is recovered from the sludge to reduce to a minimum the amount of phosphorus discharged with dirt from the hot phossy water to the pond.

Abstract: A process of recovering elemental phosphorus from sludge is disclosed wherein the sludge is flash evaporated utilizing a heat transfer means and then separated from the solid impurities contained therein.

Abstract: Pyrophoric elemental phosphorus-containing material, e.g., solid waste containing high levels of elemental phosphorus (P.sub.4), is treated by contact with an oxygen-containing gas, such as air, to reduce the amount of elemental phosphorus contained therein while it is otherwise protected from contact with oxygen in the air by being blanketed by a non-flammable fluid (e.g., while under an aqueous protective layer). This renders the material less pyrophoric and also enables the recovery of phosphorus values therefrom, e.g., in the form of a weak phosphoric acid solution. This treatment, for example, mobilizes highly pyrophoric solid waste into a more flowable sludge or mud form while rendering it substantially more non-pyrophoric.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for recovering solid wastes containing elemental phosphorus. The wastes may cause serious environmental problems at phosphorus furnaces because elemental phosphorus is toxic to marine animals. Recovery of the wastes was considered for the following.1. At phosphorus furnace plants making phosphoric acid as one of the products, when the objective is to produce only high-quality phosphoric acid.2. At phosphorus furnace plants making elemental phosphorus as a final product, and the objective is to provide only high-quality phosphorus.3. At plant sites where neither phosphoric acid nor phosphorus is produced.The processes include recycling the wastes to phosphorus furnaces. All of the phosphoric acid produced in 1 can be highly concentrated with low impurities content. In 2, all the low-quality phosphorus is recycled to the phosphorus furnaces and all the produce is high grade. In 3, phosphorus furnaces are not available at the plant site and recycling the solid wastes is impractical.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an improvement in the electric furnace process for making elemental phosphorus. The invention features the deliberate addition of an alkali to the burden or charge that is fed to the furnace. Several advantages are gained by the addition of an alkali: pollution is reduced by scavenging fluorine compounds, operating efficiencies are gained, and control over the process is simplified.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for removing foreign components, especially zinc, from the product cycle during the production of yellow phosphorus inside and electrothermal furnace. To this end, the disclosure provides for molten ferrophosphorus and a calcium metasilicate slag and also a dust-containing gas mixture consisting essentially of carbon monoxide and phosphorus in vapor form to be taken from the furnace charged with phosphate pellets, coke and gravel. After electrostatic separation of the dust from the gas mixture, the dust is water-treated and made into a dust suspension. Crude phosphate is granulated on a granulating means using a mixture of dust suspension and binder which preferably is a clay suspension. The granulated material is calcined on a sintering device and made into phosphate pellets. A portion of the molten slag taken from the electrothermal furnace is allowed to solidify and the solidified slag is ground.

Abstract: Red amorphous phosphorus is formed by thermal conversion of yellow phosphorus by a process wherein thermal conversion is effected while simultaneously the heat of conversion is permitted to effect evaporation of yellow phosphorus. The evaporated yellow phosphorus is condensed, collected and used in a subsequent conversion batch. The red amorphous phosphorus is obtained substantially free from residual unconverted yellow phosphorus and in a physical form which allows ready further processing to particulate form.

Abstract: This a very simple process for making boron nitride by mixing sodium cyanide and boron phosphate and heating the mixture in an inert atmosphere until a reaction takes place. The product is a white powder of boron nitride that can be used in applications that require compounds that are stable at high temperatures and that exhibit high electrical resistance.