Abstract: Provided are sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals capable of long-term storage that have improved stability of sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate, which is effective as an oxidizing 5 agent or bactericide, in the vicinity of normal temperatures, and a method for producing the same. The sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate crystals are such that peaks appear at the locations of the angles of diffraction described in Table 1 of claim 1 over a range of 10°?2? (angle of diffraction)?65° as measured by powder X-ray diffraction using a Cuk? radiation source.

Abstract: A metal organic framework (MOF) includes a coordination product of a metal ion and an at least bidentate organic ligand, where the metal ion and the organic ligand are selected to provide a deliverable adsorption capacity of at least 70 g/l for an electronic gas. A porous organic polymer (POP) includes polymerization product from at least a plurality of organic monomers, where the organic monomers are selected to provide a deliverable adsorption capacity of at least 70 g/l for an electronic gas.

Abstract: Processes and systems for recovering bromine. A process may comprise contacting a gas stream comprising bromine with a liquid bromide stream comprising bromide anions to produce at least an off-gas stream that is substantially bromine free and a liquid stream comprising bromine anionic complexes; and heating at least a portion of the liquid stream to produce at least bromine from at least a portion of the bromine anionic complexes.

Abstract: Elemental fluorine is often manufactured electrochemically from a solution of KF in hydrogen fluoride and contains varying amounts of entrained electrolyte salt in solid form as impurity. The invention concerns a process for the purification of such impure elemental fluorine by contact with liquid hydrogen fluoride, e.g., in a jet gas scrubber or by bubbling the raw fluorine through liquid hydrogen fluoride. After this purification step, any entrained hydrogen fluoride is removed by adsorption, condensing it out or both. After passing through a filter with very small pores, the purified fluorine is especially suited for the semiconductor industry as etching gas or as chamber cleaning gas in the manufacture of semiconductors, TFTs and solar cells, or for the manufacture of micro-electromechanical systems (“MEMS”).

Abstract: In order to remove fluorine from a zinc containing solution before zinc electro-refining in lower cost, fluorine is removed by adsorption from a zinc containing solution (leached solution) utilizing the character of the predetermined iron compound or zinc compound which can adsorb fluorine in an acid solution and desorb fluorine in an alkaline solution. The fluorine adsorbent/desorbent having adsorbed fluorine is treated in an alkaline solution, to desorb the fluorine. This makes it possible to regenerate the fluorine adsorbent/desorbent. Further, an electrolytic solution for zinc electro-refining can be prepared in lower cost, thus total zinc refining costs can be reduced.

Abstract: A portable system for extracting iodine from brine on-site is disclosed. The portable system includes a mobile platform containing a treatment unit for oxidizing iodine ions into elemental iodine, an adsorption unit capable of binding iodine, and may also have an electrolytic cell and/or a gas-liquid separator. The treatment unit and the adsorption unit may be located in the same or different portable operating devices. When transported to a field site containing natural gas wells, the natural gas wells provide a fluid stream containing natural gas and brine. The separators can separate the natural gas from the brine, and the brine is then run through the treatment unit and the adsorption unit to bind iodine present in the brine. The brine is then returned to the natural gas well. Upon saturation, the portable operating device is transported to a second location, where iodine is extracted from the adsorption unit.

Abstract: This disclosure describes systems, methods, and apparatus for recovery and purification of iodine from strong brine solutions having low concentrations of iodine. This can involve acidifying and oxidizing the strong brine solution to produce a solution of processed brine and elemental iodine. This solution can then be passed through a countercurrent sorber causing the elemental iodine to adsorb onto a solid sorbent such as GAC. The iodine-loaded sorbent is separated and regenerated, for instance via heating, producing regenerated sorbent and iodine vapor. The vapor can be condensed thus leaving solid elemental iodine.

Abstract: Elemental fluorine is often manufactured electrochemically from a solution of KF in hydrogen fluoride and contains varying amounts of entrained electrolyte salt in solid form as impurity. The invention concerns a process for the purification of such impure elemental fluorine by contact with liquid hydrogen fluoride, e.g., in a jet gas scrubber or by bubbling the raw fluorine through liquid hydrogen fluoride. After this purification step, any entrained hydrogen fluoride is removed by adsorption, condensing it out or both. After passing through a filter with very small pores, the purified fluorine is especially suited for the semiconductor industry as etching gas or as chamber cleaning gas in the manufacture of semiconductors, TFTs and solar cells, or for the manufacture of micro-electromechanical systems (“MEMS”).

Abstract: In order to remove fluorine from a zinc containing solution before zinc electro-refining in lower cost, fluorine is removed by adsorption from a zinc containing solution (leached solution) utilizing the character of the predetermined iron compound or zinc compound which can adsorb fluorine in an acid solution and desorb fluorine in an alkaline solution. The fluorine adsorbent/desorbent having adsorbed fluorine is treated in an alkaline solution, to desorb the fluorine. This makes it possible to regenerate the fluorine adsorbent/desorbent. Further, an electrolytic solution for zinc electro-refining can be prepared in lower cost, thus total zinc refining costs can be reduced.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing chlorine, by which it is possible to remove impurities contained with hydrogen chloride in a raw material gas and further to recover unreacted hydrogen chloride after an oxidation reaction efficiently in a method for producing chlorine by oxidizing hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing chlorine with improved efficiency, which can remove impurities other than hydrogen chloride contained in a raw material gas and can recover unreacted hydrogen chloride after an oxidation reaction efficiently.

Abstract: Processes are provided for conjointly producing Br2 and a concentrated aqueous solution containing at least about 5 wt % CaCl2, based on the weight of the concentrated aqueous solution, from an HBr-rich recycle stream and a feed brine dilute in CaCl2. wherein the aqueous HBr-rich stream is produced from an HBr-rich recycle stream and a portion of the feed brine.

Abstract: A process for producing a fluorine gas of the invention comprises a step (1) of generating a fluorine gas by sectioning the interior of a fluorine gas generation container equipped with a heating means, by the use of a structure having gas permeability, then filling each section with a high-valence metal fluoride and heating the high-valence metal fluoride. The process may comprise a step (2) of allowing the high-valence metal fluoride, from which a fluorine gas has been generated in the step (1), to occlude a fluorine gas. According to the process of the invention, a high-purity fluorine gas that is employable as an etching gas or a cleaning gas in the process for manufacturing semiconductors or liquid crystals can be produced inexpensively on a mass scale.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing manganese fluoride, comprising a step (1) of allowing a manganese compound such as MnF2 having been dried at a temperature of not lower than 100° C. to react with a fluorinating agent such as F2 at a temperature of 50 to 250° C. and a step (2) of further allowing a product obtained in the step (1) to react with a fluorinating agent at a temperature of 250 to 450° C. According to this process, manganese fluoride capable of generating a fluorine gas can be easily and inexpensively produced on a mass scale under the conditions of low temperature and low pressure without going through steps of sublimation and solidification.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for recovering iodine, which can be carried out simply and economically without practicing mixing processing operation of iodine-containing material, an alkali metal compound and a solvent in advance before introducing to a combustion furnace. The object of the present invention can be attained by a method for recovering iodine which comprises feeding an iodine-containing solution containing iodine and/or iodine compound, a basic alkali metal compound solution and/or a basic alkaline earth metal compound solution separately to a roasting furnace, oxidatively decomposing a combustible material by heat treatment, and absorbing iodine and/or iodine salt contained in a component at heat treatment exit with water or an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A step (1) of heating a fluoronickel compound to release a fluorine gas, a step (2) of allowing a fluorine gas to be occluded into a fluorinated compound, and a step (3) of heating the fluoronickel compound and reducing an inner pressure are conducted in a container, respectively, at least once, and thereafter a high-purity fluorine gas is obtained in the step (1). Also, a step (5) of heating a fluoronickel compound and reducing an inner pressure and a step (6) of allowing a fluorine gas reduced in a hydrogen fluoride content to be occluded into the fluoronickel compound are conducted in a container having a fluorinated layer formed on its surface, respectively, at least once, the step (5) is further conducted, and thereafter a fluorine gas containing impurity gases is contacted with the fluoronickel compound to fix and remove the fluorine gas, and the impurities are analyzed by gas chromatography.

Abstract: Process for the purification and concentration of isotopes which isotopes are dissolved in a dilute acidic solution and adsorbed on an (optionally) activated surface of a d10-metal whereby the isotopes are selectively desorbed by elution whereby in situ reduction of oxidation products is achieved and an apparatus for performing said process.

Abstract: Sulphides and selenides are prepared by dissolving sulphur or selenium in an aqueous or non-aqueous solution of hydrazine hydrate. The solution is combined with a solution of an appropriate cation to precipitate the corresponding sulphide or selenide. Solutions of two or more cations may be used to produce ternary compounds of sulphur and selenium, for example thio-gallates. Likewise both sulphur and selenium can be used together to produce sulpho-selenides. The method is particularly applicable to the production of doped phosphors by the inclusion of solutions containing the appropriate dopant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for separating chlorine gas from a mixture of gases. The mixture of gases is cooled to a temperature less than 0.degree. C. and is contacted with ice, which results in the formation of chlorine hydrate on the ice. The ice is separated from the mixture of gases and is heated or the operating pressure reduced to release chlorine.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method to be practiced in a gas purification apparatus that is suitable for contacting a chlorine-containing mixture of gases with carbon tetrachloride in order to remove one of the gases from the mixture. The gas removed can be either chlorine or another gas such as nitrogen trichloride. In the method of the invention, one of the gases is removed from the mixture in that apparatus without using carbon tetrachloride by contacting the chlorine-containing gas mixture in the apparatus with a chlorinated organic liquid which can either be chloroform or ethylene dichloride.

Abstract: A method and system for treating liquid chlorine to remove inert gases therefrom. Liquid chlorine is treated by passing it through a molecular sieve having a molecular pore diameter greater than the molecular diameter of the inert gases and smaller than the molecular diameter of chlorine so that the inert gases are adsorbed by the sieve while the liquid chlorine passes therethrough. The sieve may be regenerated by heating the sieve and evacuating by vacuum, followed by a purging with a gas and then a further vacuum evacuation.

Abstract: The present invention provides anticorrosive pigments on the basis of tertiary alkaline-earth aluminum phosphates, particularly those where the numerical atomic ratio x:y:z of formula AE.sub.x Al.sub.y (PO.sub.4).sub.z of alkaline earth to aluminum to phosphorus or phosphate is 50-70% to 5-30% to 20-50%. It also provides a process for their production in which an alkaline-earth compound and aluminum compound sufficiently soluble with phosphoric acid are reacted with phosphoric acid, the precipitated pigment is filtered off as usual and dried, optionally calcined and optionally ground.

Abstract: Bromine is advantageously recovered from a free bromine-containing aqueous solution or gas by placing the solution or gas in contact with an adsorbent comprising a ZSM-5 zeolite having an SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 molar ratio of at least 70 and heating the adsorbent at a temperature of at least 60.degree. C.

Abstract: Solid chlorinating agents can be stored highly stably and safely in a closed system for a long period of time without discoloring or deterioration, when a storage stabilizer of alumino-silica gel obtained from allophane incorporated with active carbon is placed in the ambient atmosphere enclosing the chlorinating agents, preferably not in direct contact with the agents. In addition, the agents do not cause damages on the surface and material of, or breakdown of, the container constituting the closed system, and no offensive odor is generated upon opening even after a prolonged storage.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing hydrogen halides having substantially no sulfur impurities by means of a catalytically active molten salt is disclosed. A mixture of the subject hydrogen halide and an oxygen bearing gas is contacted with a molten salt containing an oxidizing catalyst and alkali metal normal sulfates and pyrosulfates to produce an effluent gas stream rich in the elemental halogen and substantially free of sulfur oxide gases.

Abstract: After dissolving irradiated nuclear fuel in a nitric acid medium, the vapor produced by this dissolution and consisting of water, nitrogen oxides and iodine is passed into a condenser, then into a column for the absorption of the nitrous vapor in which is formed recombined nitric acid containing iodine and nitrous ions, the iodine contained in the recombined acid being then separated-out. The nitrous ions present in the recombined acid have a favorable influence on the important first stage of that separation.

Abstract: An improved method of removing bromine from fluid streams comprises contacting the fluid stream with an aqueous solution of certain asymmetrical quaternary ammonium bromides whereby a liquid, water immiscible bromine complex is formed that can be stored, manipulated and readily handled and which complex can be dissociated to liberate molecular bromine.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of azodicarbonamide by oxidation of hydrazodicarbonamide in an aqueous suspension containing hydrogen peroxide wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of iodine at a temperature between 50.degree. and 95.degree. C. while the reaction mixture has a pH ranging from 1.0 to 5.0.

Abstract: A process for the production of dibasic magnesium hypochlorite comprises the reaction of a solid magnesium salt and a solid hypochlorite where one of the solid reactants is in the hydrate form. The process produces dibasic magnesium hypochlorite with excellent recovery of chlorine values and with reduced requirements for the disposal of solutions containing available chlorine.Dibasic magnesium hypochlorite, Mg(OCl).sub.2 . 2 Mg(OH).sub.2 is useful in bleaching and sanitizing applications.

Abstract: Iodine is recovered from a process stream containing it or iodine-containing compounds by passing said stream while in the vapor state in contact with a solid treating agent or adsorbent comprising alumina impregnated with the oxides of copper and chromium and thereafter subjecting said solid treating agent to heating to a temperature from about 400.degree. to about 600.degree. C while passing a stream containing air or oxygen over it. The resulting effluent gas containing iodine can be fed directly back to the process from which it was derived or otherwise treated as by sublimation, for example, if desired.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of purifying hydrogen chloride gas containing small quantities of chlorine. The purifying method comprises passing impure hydrogen chloride over carbon, at a temperature from 30.degree. to 200.degree. C, in the presence of at least one olefin, possibly containing chlorine. The method of the invention applies particularly to the hydrogen chloride obtained from a chloroethane cracking operation initiated by chlorine.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen and oxygen from water comprising the steps of forming ferric chloride from ferriferrous oxide by reaction with a chloride ion yielding substance, reducing the ferric chloride produced with a reducing agent to produce ferrous chloride, thermally reducing the ferric chloride to produce ferrous chloride, then oxidizing either the ferrous compound or metallic iron with water so as to produce hydrogen. The metallic iron may be formed by reducing the ferrous compound with hydrogen. Four specific reactant regenerative closed cycle systems are disclosed utilizing the process of this invention for the production of hydrogen with high energy efficiencies.

Abstract: A simple, inexpensive system for purifying and storing pure fluorine is described. The method utilizes alkali metal-nickel fluorides to absorb tank fluorine by forming nickel complex salts and leaving the gaseous impurities which are pumped away. The complex nickel fluoride is then heated to evolve back pure gaseous fluorine.

Abstract: Installation for the production of chlorine or chlorine dioxide water or of solutions of a mixture of halogen and halogen derivatives, characterized by a closed circuit under pressure in which circulates water to be enriched, with an over-pressure produced by a pump, the basic chemical element being permanently injected into this circuit by means of a water-ejector, the discharge of the terminal solution, which leaves the reactor under pressure, being compensated by a supply of water to the closed circuit.Application to the treatment of water for drinking, for industrial use and for swimming pools.