Abstract: A method for producing functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose, the method comprising the steps of providing cellulose, mixing said cellulose with a peroxide, thereby producing a reaction mixture, and heating the reaction mixture, and/or exposing the reaction mixture to UV radiation is provided. Functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose produced by this method is also provided.

Abstract: An automatic ironing system and method comprise a volumetric enclosure configured to receive an article to be steamed, and a base configured to support, power, and provide steamed water to the volumetric enclosure. The system also comprises a rotary engine configured to rotate the article when activated, and at least one steam nozzle configured to direct steam towards the article. The system also comprises a receptacle configured to receive condensed steam from the volumetric enclosure and to recirculate the condensed steam for re-use, and a controller configured to monitor one or more variables of the automatic ironing system and adjust parameters according to instructions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for production of hydrogen peroxide according to the anthraquinone process including altemate hydrogenation and oxidation of one or more quinones selected from anthraquinones and/or tetrahydro anthraquinones in a working solution comprising at least one quinone solvent and at least one hydroquinone solvent, wherein said at least one quinone solvent comprises isodurene in an amount from 15 to 100 wt %. The invention also relates to a composition useful as a working solution at production hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is prepared by an auto-oxidation method via oxidation in a microreactor. A working solution containing a reactive carrier compound is hydrogenated with hydrogen in a first step and is subsequently oxidized in a microreactor to produce hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the preparation of hydrogen peroxide by the anthraquinone cyclic process. The process includes a regeneration stage in which working solution is regenerated by being brought into contact with an aqueous solution containing an alkyl anthrahydroquinone and/or an alkyl tetrahydroanthrahydroquinone in deprotonated form. The working solution regenerated in the regeneration stage is returned to the cyclic process.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a continuous hydrogenation process in which a hydrogenable compound is dissolved in a working solution with hydrogen and a heterogeneous catalyst. At least part of the hydrogen-containing waste hydrogenation gas generated in the reaction is compressed and then recycled into the hydrogenation reactor. A jet pump is used for the compression of the waste hydrogenation gas and a liquid or gaseous feedstock of the hydrogenation process is used as the motive agent. Preferred motive agents are the hydrogenation gas or a working solution recycled into the process. The process is particularly suitable for performing the hydrogenation step in the anthraquinone process for the production of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for production of hydrogen peroxide according to the anthraquinone process including alternate hydrogenation and oxidation of one or more quinones selected from anthraquinones and/or tetrahydro anthraquinones in a working solution comprising at least one quinone solvent and at least one hydroquinone solvent, wherein said at least one quinone solvent comprises isodurene in an amount from 15 to 100 wt %. The invention also relates to a composition useful as a working solution at production of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: A continuous catalytic hydrogenation process, in which a reaction mixture containing the substance to be hydrogenated, the hydrogenation product, hydrogen and the hydrogenation catalyst suspended in the reaction mixture is recirculated in a reactor. Part of the hydrogenation product is removed from the reactor and the substance to be hydrogenated and hydrogen are fed into the reaction. In this process the substance to be hydrogenated and the hydrogen are mixed before entering the reactor. A venturi nozzle is particularly suitable as the mixing device.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for production of hydrogen peroxide according to the anthraquinone process comprising the steps of alternate hydrogenation and oxidation of anthraquinones and tetrahydro anthraquinones in a working solution comprising a mixture of alkyl-substituted anthraquinones and alkyl-substituted tetrahydro anthraquinones dissolved in at least one organic solvent, wherein from 10 to 55 mole % of the anthraquinones and the tetrahydro anthraquinones are substituted with one amyl group, and the molar ratio of alkyl-substituted tetrahydro anthraquinones to alkyl-substituted anthraquinones is at least 1:1. The invention also concerns a composition useful as a working solution in said process.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide comprises the steps of: synthesizing an analog of anthraquinone that is miscible or soluble in carbon dioxide; reacting the analog of anthraquinone with hydrogen in carbon dioxide to produce a corresponding analog of tetrahydroquinone; and reacting the analog of tetrahydroquinone with oxygen to produce the hydrogen peroxide and regenerate the analog of anthraquinone. A chemical compound having the formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 are independently, the same or different, H, RC, or RSRC, wherein RS is a spacer group and RC is a fluoroalkyl group, a fluoroether group, a silicone group, an alkylene oxide group, a fluorinated acrylate group, or a phosphazine group, and wherein at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, and R8 is not H.

Abstract: Process for the industrial production of hyperpure hydrogen peroxide also having high titre up to 60-70% by weight characterized in that the hydrogen peroxide produced in an industrial plant is directly fed to a purification unit, being part of the same production plant, in which the inverted osmosis, separation of the the high purity permeate flow and direct recycle of the concentrated flow to the production plant, are carried out.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing hydrogen peroxide comprises the steps of: synthesizing an analog of anthraquinone that is miscible or soluble in carbon dioxide; reacting the analog of anthraquinone with hydrogen in carbon dioxide to produce a corresponding analog of tetrahydroquinone; and reacting the analog of tetrahydroquinone with oxygen to produce the hydrogen peroxide and regenerate the analog of anthraquinone.

Abstract: A cyclic anthraquinone process for producing hydrogen peroxide using at least two differently substituted 2-alkylanthraquinones and/or their tetrahydro derivatives. The working solution to be used contains (i) at least one reaction carrier from the series 2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl) anthraquinone (IHEAQ), 2-(4-methylpentyl) anthraquinone (IHAQ) and their di- and tetrahydro derivatives such as, in particular 2-(4-methylpentyl)-.beta.-tetrahydroanthraquinone (THIHAQ), and (ii) at least one reaction carrier from the series of the 2-(C.sub.1 - to C.sub.5)-alkylanthraquinones, especially 2-ethylanthraquinone (EAQ), and their tetrahydro derivatives. The reaction carriers according to (i) make up 5 to 95 molar %, especially 20 to 50 molar % of all reaction carriers. The method is distinguished by greater H.sub.2 O.sub.2 capacity, improved hydrogenation kinetics and lesser susceptibility to disturbances. A method for making THIHAQ is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydrogen peroxide in accordance with an anthraquinone method, comprising hydrogenating at least one anthraquinone with a hydrogenation catalyst comprising palladium and at least one alkali metal, supported on a silica carrier, wherein the at least one alkali metal is in an amount of 0.1% to 5 wt % based on the weight of the silica carrier.

Abstract: A method using auto-oxidation of an anthraquinone derivative in three successive steps, comprising hydrogenating the working solution (at 1), oxidizing the hydrogenated working solution (at 2), and removing hydrogen peroxide using water (at 3). The hydrogenation step is performed in such a way that a hydrogen peroxide equivalent of around 7.9 g/l is achieved at the inlet of the oxidizer (2), and the oxidation step (b) is performed in such a way that the temperature at the top of the oxidizer (2) is below about 50.degree. C., and preferably around 35.degree.-40.degree. C. The method is useful for producing hydrogen peroxide in situ in a paper pulp bleaching plant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for regenerating a hydrogenation catalyst employed in the production of hydrogen peroxide, being characterized in that the catalyst to be regenerated is treated with an oxidized working solution used in the production of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is produced by oxidizing alkylammonium salts of sulfonic acid-substituted anthrahydroquinones. As said salts are highly soluble in protic polar solvents such as water and lower aliphatic alcohols, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the reaction product thereby obtained may be advantageously high. The anthraquinone salt co-product generated by such oxidation may be readily converted in high yield back to the starting anthrahydroquinone salt by hydrogenation.

Abstract: Process for obtaining aqueous hydrogen peroxide solutions by the alkylanthraquinone process, providing a concentrated aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with a low content of impurities, according to which a continuous addition of acidifying compounds and/or of stabilising compounds is performed, consisting in recycling towards the oxidation unit at least a part of the purge leaving the distillation unit.

Abstract: The production of organic hydrogen peroxide solutions which are practically water-free until now has had the problem of either too high a water content of the solution or too great a loss of hydrogen peroxide through decomposition and passing over as distillate during the distillative drying. By selection of specific esters in combination with commensurately high pressures in the azeotropic removal of water, these disadvantages can be avoided. Extremely low water content solutions of hydrogen peroxide in high boiling solutions are produced by mixing hydrogen peroxide solutions in solvents whose azeotropic boiling point with water is below the boiling point of hydrogen peroxide with higher boiling solvents which form the highest azeotrope with water, whose boiling point is near or above the boiling point of hydrogen peroxide. Thereupon, the mixture is freed from both water and the lower boiling solvent. The mixture can be formed by an in situ method.

Abstract: The invention is for a process for removing unalkylated anthraquinones from alkylated anthraquinone by forming a solution thereof, reducing the solution sufficiently so that at least part of the unalkylated anthraquinone is in the reduced form, and extracting the reduced solution in the absence of an oxidizing agent with an aqueous alkaline solution. The process is especially suited for removing anthraquinone from an alkylated anthraquinone for use in the manufacture of hydrogen peroxide by reducing and oxidizing a solution of the alkylated anthraquinone.

Abstract: An alkylanthraquinone working solution as used in the manufacture of hydrogen peroxide, in the oxidized form is cooled to from 20.degree. to 40.degree. C. and fed to a slurry type catalytic hydrogenator maintained at from 38.degree. to 60.degree. C., and 10 to 100 psig. From 10 to 90% of the catalyst free hydrogenated working solution is cooled to from 20.degree. to 40.degree. C. and recycled to the hydrogenator.

Abstract: Process for continuous production of substantially anhydrous solutions of percarboxylic acid in solvent. Aqueous hydrogen peroxide is first reacted with the corresponding carboxylic acid in the presence of acid catalyst to form percarboxylic acid and water (1). The percarboxylic acid is extracted with solvent (5), to provide a solvent phase containing the percarboxylic acid (11) and an aqueous raffinate (7). The solvent phase is subjected to distillation (12) to provide the anhydrous solution (13). In this distillation (12) the hydrogen peroxide remaining in the solvent phase produced in the extraction (5), is distilled off together with water and some solvent, and the hydrogen peroxide is recovered as an aqueous phase and recycled (14). The aqueous raffinate, which contains hydrogen peroxide, is distilled to remove water (8) and the resulting concentrate is recycled (2) for use in the reaction (1).

Abstract: Process for continuous production of substantially anhydrous solutions of perpropionic acid in benzene. Aqueous hydrogen peroxide is first reacted with propionic acid in the presence of acid catalyst to form perpropionic acid and water (1). The perpropionic acid is extracted with benzene (5), to provide a benzene phase containing the perpropionic acid (11) and an aqueous raffinate (7). The benzene phase is subjected to an extraction with water (12) involving at least 3 stages, to remove hydrogen peroxide, and the resulting benzene extract (15) is subjected to azeotropic distillation (26) to provide the anhydrous solution (17). The aqueous raffinate, which contains hydrogen peroxide, is distilled to remove water (8) and the resulting concentrate is recycled (2) for use in the reaction (1).

Abstract: Process for purifying trioctyl phosphate containing emulsifier impurities comprising alkali metal salts of dioctyl phosphoric acid and monooctyl phosphoric acid by contacting the trioctyl phosphate with a mineral acid to neutralize the emulsifier impurities and to provide a two-phase system having an organic phase and an aqueous phase wherein the pH value of the aqueous phase is below 3.0, separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase, dehydrating the organic phase, and removing neutralized impurities by absorption on an absorbent material leaving a substantially pure trioctyl phosphate having an interfacial tension of about 18 to about 24 dynes/cm. The purified trioctyl phosphate has exceptional utility as a solvent in the anthraquinone process for producing hydrogen peroxide.