Ortho-para Conversion Patents (Class 423/649)
  • Patent number: 10479678
    Abstract: A cryogenic hydrogen storage system reduces hydrogen loss by providing an initial supply of hydrogen wherein the initial hydrogen has an initial para/ortho hydrogen ratio. The initial hydrogen having an initial para/ortho hydrogen ratio is adjusted to produce final hydrogen having a final para/ortho hydrogen ratio with a greater amount of ortho hydrogen, The cryogenic hydrogen storage system is refueled with the final hydrogen having a final para/ortho hydrogen ratio with a greater amount of ortho hydrogen.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 15, 2014
    Date of Patent: November 19, 2019
    Assignee: Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC
    Inventors: Guillaume Petitpas, Salvador M. Aceves
  • Publication number: 20140099253
    Abstract: Magnetic treatment devices used in a system to enhance fuel combustion for the reduction of carbon emissions and to increase fuel efficiency. A series of uniquely constructed ferrous back plates with accompanying permanent homopolar magnetic assemblies are utilized to produce the aforementioned effect. The homopolar assemblies are field specific to the combustion fluid.
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 5, 2012
    Publication date: April 10, 2014
    Inventor: Peter A. Kulish
  • Patent number: 8522573
    Abstract: A system for conversion of waste and solar heat energy into a carbon sequestration device, including as a collector for collecting carbon dioxide gas from a carbon dioxide gas source, such as ambient air. The Joule Thompson effect is used to cool and thereby refrigerate/liquefy ambient air and then extracting carbon dioxide therefrom, comprising steps of and means for providing a hydride heat engine, operating the hydride heat engine utilizing hydride thermal compression technology to compress hydrogen gas and thereby to cool ambient air to a temperature rendering air into a refrigerated/liquefied state by use of a Joule-Thompson type process, and extracting carbon dioxide from the refrigerated/liquefied ambient air and collecting the carbon dioxide.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 13, 2012
    Date of Patent: September 3, 2013
    Assignee: Ergenics Corporation
    Inventor: P. Mark Golben
  • Patent number: 8042357
    Abstract: The present invention provides a method of liquefying a hydrogen feed stream and a liquefier for carrying out such a method in which ortho-species of hydrogen contained in a hydrogen feed stream is converted to the para-species in higher and lower temperature catalytic converters. An adsorption unit, located between the higher and lower temperature catalytic converters, adsorbs a portion of the ortho content of the feed stream. The adsorbed portion is desorbed during regeneration of an adsorbent bed of the adsorption unit and is recirculated back for treatment in the higher temperature catalytic converter to reduce the degree to which the ortho-species are converted to the para-species in the lower temperature catalytic converter and at lower temperatures.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 23, 2009
    Date of Patent: October 25, 2011
    Assignee: Praxair Technology, Inc.
    Inventors: Joseph Michael Schwartz, Raymond Francis Drnevich, Philip Alexander Barrett, Bernard Thomas Neu
  • Publication number: 20100272634
    Abstract: The present invention provides a method of liquefying a hydrogen feed stream and a liquefier for carrying out such a method in which ortho-species of hydrogen contained in a hydrogen feed stream is converted to the para-species in higher and lower temperature catalytic converters. An adsorption unit, located between the higher and lower temperature catalytic converters, adsorbs a portion of the ortho content of the feed stream. The adsorbed portion is desorbed during regeneration of an adsorbent bed of the adsorption unit and is recirculated back for treatment in the higher temperature catalytic converter to reduce the degree to which the ortho-species are converted to the para-species in the lower temperature catalytic converter and at lower temperatures.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 23, 2009
    Publication date: October 28, 2010
    Inventors: Joseph Michael Schwartz, Raymond Francis Drnevich, Philip Alexander Barrett, Bernard Thomas Neu
  • Publication number: 20100015038
    Abstract: Provided is hydrogen supply equipment that, when switching hydrogen supplied to equipment using hydrogen from (i) hydrogen produced at a normal temperature or hydrogen stored at a normal temperature to (ii) hydrogen stored at a low temperature, supplies the equipment using hydrogen with normal hydrogen obtained by returning the hydrogen at the low temperature to a normal temperature and then passing this hydrogen through equipment for accelerating a conversion from parahydrogen to orthohydrogen.
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 16, 2009
    Publication date: January 21, 2010
    Applicant: SHIN-ETSU CHEMICAL CO., LTD.
    Inventors: Dai Inoue, Takaaki Nagao, Hiroyuki Koide
  • Patent number: 7025941
    Abstract: A reactor system for reacting a hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative charging material comprises a catalyst-coated reaction chamber, to which a reaction educt stream can be fed through a reaction chamber inlet, and electric heating means. The reaction chamber inlet has a flat, electrically heatable, catalyst-coated, and reaction educt stream-permeable heater, which covers at least partially the inlet cross section of the reaction chamber inlet and through which the educts for reacting the charging material can be fed at least in a start operating phase of the reactor system. An electric heater may be provided in front of the reaction chamber inlet, for the purpose of heating at least one reaction educt in a start operating phase and there are means for point-by-point injection of at least one reaction educt, heated in the heater, into the reaction chamber.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 18, 2000
    Date of Patent: April 11, 2006
    Assignee: DaimlerChrysler AG
    Inventors: Rainer Autenrieth, Andreas Docter, Norbert Wiesheu
  • Patent number: 5580793
    Abstract: Process and device for determining para content X.sub.1 of a hydrogen gas stream, in which temperature T.sub.1 as well as pressure p.sub.1 of the hydrogen gas stream are measured before its entry into at least adiabatically-operated para-ortho-conversion catalyst. The hydrogen gas stream flows through the para-ortho-conversion catalyst until equilibrium is established. Thereafter, temperature T.sub.2 as well as pressure p.sub.2 of the hydrogen gas stream are measured after the hydrogen gas exits from the para-ortho-conversion catalyst or are measured after the last of the latter exits the catalyst. Para content X.sub.1 of the hydrogen gas stream, at the instant before entering the para-ortho-conversion catalyst, is determined by relations h.sub.1 (X.sub.1, T.sub.1, p.sub.1)=h.sub.2 (X.sub.2, T.sub.2, p.sub.2) and X.sub.2 =X.sub.g (T.sub.2) in equilibrium, in which h.sub.1 is the enthalpy of the hydrogen gas stream at the inlet of the para-ortho-conversion catalyst and h.sub.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 2, 1995
    Date of Patent: December 3, 1996
    Assignee: Linde Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventor: Manfred Wanner
  • Patent number: 5374476
    Abstract: A passive insulating system can provide highly effective protection in the presence of transient high temperatures. The system comprises, for example, a porous body forming a multiplicity of fine cells with a material having low thermal conductivity, a thermally absorptive liquid, providing an endothermic reaction in the presence of a catalyst, and a finely divided catalyst for the reaction uniformly distributed in the porous body. In preferred systems, the thermally absorptive liquid is para-hydrogen, the catalyst is granulated ferric oxide, and the liquid para-hydrogen changes to gaseous para-hydrogen, and from para-hydrogen to ortho-hydrogen in the presence of the ferric oxide catalyst, absorbing heat by its heat of vaporization and endothermic catalytic reaction and reducing heat transfer through the porous body.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 22, 1990
    Date of Patent: December 20, 1994
    Assignee: Ball Corporation
    Inventor: William J. Horsley
  • Patent number: 4474592
    Abstract: The apparatus for preparing liquid para-hydrogen from normal hydrogen has a reservoir for the liquid para-hydrogen. A gas space of the reservoir communicates via a line with the suction side of an ejector. The ejector extracts the para-hydrogen vapor evolved by heating and returns it to the reservoir in the form of liquid para-hydrogen.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 19, 1983
    Date of Patent: October 2, 1984
    Assignee: Sulzer Brothers Ltd.
    Inventor: Andres Kundig
  • Patent number: 4393039
    Abstract: The cooling capacity of a solid hydrogen cooling system is significantly increased by exposing vapor created during evaporation of a solid hydrogen mass to a catalyst and thereby accelerating the endothermic para-to-ortho transition of the vapor to equilibrium hydrogen. Catalysts such as nickel, copper, iron or metal hydride gels of films of nickel, copper or iron or hydride gels of nickel, copper or iron in a low pressure drop catalytic reactor are suitable for accelerating the endothermic para-to-ortho conversion.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 10, 1981
    Date of Patent: July 12, 1983
    Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    Inventor: Allan Sherman
  • Patent number: 4205056
    Abstract: A process for ortho-para-hydrogen conversion characterized by the use as a catalyst of a sulphur-containing semiconductive polymer produced by the dehalogenation of a poly(tetrahalophenylene sulphide) in the presence or absence of an organic solvent at 150.degree.-500.degree. C.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 11, 1979
    Date of Patent: May 27, 1980
    Assignee: Japan Synthetic Rubber Company, Limited
    Inventors: Hiroo Inokuchi, Kentaro Murano, Hiroshi Kawazura, Tsutomu Kobayashi
  • Patent number: 3992167
    Abstract: A low temperature refrigeration process wherein a feed gas mixture comprising hydrogen or helium as major component and a minor component with normal boiling point above 170.degree. K and molecular weight of at least 28 is dynamically compressed at higher temperature and cooled to intermediate temperature for condensation and separation of the minor component. Pure major component is further cooled and work expanded at lower temperature and recycled for mixing with the condensed minor component during rewarming to form at least the major fraction of the feed gas mixture.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 2, 1975
    Date of Patent: November 16, 1976
    Assignee: Union Carbide Corporation
    Inventor: Robert Arthur Beddome