Abstract: A method of extracting germanium from a germanium deposit using a thermal reduction process is disclosed. The method includes: adding sodium monophosphate to a germanium deposit to obtain a mixed germanium deposit; isolating the mixed germanium deposit from air; increasing the temperature and then baking the mixed germanium deposit; and obtaining a germanium concentrate after volatilization of the mixed germanium deposit.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for secondary enrichment of germanium from low-grade lignite germanium concentrates in vacuum, and particularly a method and apparatus for secondary enrichment and recovery of germanium from low-grade lignite germanium concentrates with microwave heating in vacuum, which belongs to a germanium extraction method and apparatus in the field of metallurgy.

Abstract: A process for recovering a metal chloride or mixed metal chloride from a solid waste material comprising recoverable metal containing constituents produced by lead, copper or zinc smelting and refining processes, said process comprising the steps of: (i) heating the solid waste material; (ii) treating the heated material of step (i) with a gaseous chloride to form a gaseous metal chloride containing product; and (iii) treating the gaseous metal chloride containing product of step (ii) to recover the metal chloride or mixed metal chloride. The metal chloride may be further treated to extract the metal itself.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for the recovery of germanium from the Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition (MCVD) processing wastes by chemical conversion and recovery of germanium from the solid cake product. In the present method, the direct reaction of gaseous hydrogen chloride with the recovered materials effects the rapid and complete chlorination of the germanates, yielding germanium tetrachloride. The germanium tetrachloride product is completely volatilized and removed from the mixture during the exothermic process.

Abstract: The method of the invention comprises a method of melting tin-plated iron type scrap using tin-plated iron type scrap of loose packing as a portion of the iron type scrap and conducting melting while controlling the post combustion ratio of the gas by adjusting the amount of the combustion sustaining gas blown from the secondary tuyeres and a method of melting tin-plated iron type scrap packing the tin-plated iron type scrap prior to the non tin-plated iron type scrap and conducting melting while retaining the tin-melted iron type scrap between the coke packed layer and the non tin-plated iron type scrap packed layer.

Abstract: A method is described which allows two hazardous waste products, namely PVC and electric arc furnace dust, both of which have negative commercial value, to be combined to produce an iron oxide suitable for steel making and making pure cadmium lead and zinc and chlorine, all of which can be sold. The heat generated during the exothermic reaction may be used to generate electricity which may be sold or used in plants where the reaction is carded out. The method can also be used for metal scraps.

Abstract: Metallic constituents, especially heavy metal constituents are removed from dust electrostatically separated from a gas mixture consisting substantially of carbon monoxide and phosphorus in vapor form obtained during the electrothermal production of yellow phosphorus. To this end, the dust is initially calcined with continuous agitation under oxidizing conditions at temperatures of 300.degree. to 800.degree. C.; next, the resulting calcined matter is mixed with carbon and the mixture is treated at temperatures of 950.degree. to 1200.degree. C. under reducing conditions with volatilization of the metallic constituents; and the volatized metallic constituents are ultimately condensed and separated.

Abstract: Ultra-fine spherical particles of a metal oxide having an average particle diameter of 40 nm or smaller can be prepared by a method in which a vaporizable metal compound is vaporized and decomposed under heating to give ultra-fine particles of a metal oxide followed by immediate cooling down to a temperature at which coalescence of the fine particles are prevented from coalescence. The fine particles have characteristics such as an excellent power of ultraviolet scattering.

Abstract: Hazardous waste containing inorganic compounds which contain heavy metals or particular hazardous anionic groups or which are hazardous halides or non-metal oxides or sulfides is contacted with molten aluminum to provide reduction to lower less hazardous oxidation state.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovering gallium and/or germanium from fly ash which comprises pelletizing the fly ash, treating the pellets in the presence of an oxidizing gas at a temperature of from about 900.degree. C. to just below the fusion temperature of the pellets, treating the pellets in the presence of a reducing gas at the same temperature range, and recovering gallium and/or germanium suboxides from the gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recovering the metal values from materials containing at least one of zinc and tin, by smelting the starting materials under oxidizing conditions and reducing the resultant molten bath. The starting materials are first smelted in a furnace while adding flux, to form a slag which is sluggish at selected reduction temperatures and has a low lead contents. The reduction process is carried out while charging solid carbonaceous reduction agent and optionally also sulphur- and/or chlorine-donor material to the slag. The reduction agent and optionally supplied donor material is brought into suspension with the slag, and this suspension is sustained at least during the latter phase of the reduction period, at which the lead content of the slag has fallen to beneath about 1-2%, during which phase the reduction of zinc and tin takes place.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating tin scraps such as tin cans and home scrap, to reduce the tin content of the scrap to a sufficient level to permit the scrap to be reprocessed in an electric furnace. In the process, the scrap metal is first shredded, or chopped, to a managable size which is then utilized as a charge to a kiln. The kiln is maintained as an oxidizing atmosphere. The beginning feed end temperature is not less than 2000 degrees F. The temperature is reduced to not less than about 1650 degrees F. to convert a part of the iron-tin alloy into its epsilon phase. The kiln temperature is then further reduced to not less than 1400 degrees F. to further convert a part of the iron-tin alloy to form the zeta phase. The epsilon and zeta phases additionally produce an oxide laden dust that is then removed. As the charge moves through the kiln, the temperature is further reduced to not less than 900 degrees F. to form the eta phase of the iron-tin alloy and additionally a metallic scale formation.

Abstract: The process of concentrating tin oxide minerals of fine particle size from material containing the same comprising the steps of forming an aqueous slurry of said material and subjecting said slurry to high intensity wet magnetic separation at a field strength and for a time sufficient to form a concentrate containing a major proportion of the tin oxide minerals originally present in the slurry.

Abstract: Process for recovering tin or other non-ferrous metal values from low-grade ores, concentrates, or mineral mixes which consist mainly of iron sulphide minerals. The ore is added to a two-phase reactor containing liquid iron sulphide matte and a liquid iron silicate slag, and tin volatilization is achieved by a process akin to matte conversion.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for the manufacture of metal chlorides by the double-decomposition reaction between a metal chlorinating agent and a metal oxide having greater affinity for chlorine than does the oxide of the metal chloride, and in the presence of small amounts of boron chloride or functionally equivalent boron compounds that increase the rate and degree of completion of the reaction.A major application of this invention is for the making by the chlorination of clay of aluminum chloride and alumina intermediates for the manufacture of aluminum metal.SiCl.sub.4 is formed in the carbo-chlorination of clay or other aluminous-siliceous ores. The SiCl.sub.4 by this invention is catalyzed with BCl.sub.3 and reacted with calcined clay to produce AlCl.sub.3 and SiO.sub.2. The practical use of SiCl.sub.4 to make AlCl.sub.3 thus eliminates the previous costly burden of waste SiCl.sub.4 production.

Abstract: Tin is recovered from a molten tin-bearing silicate slag by stirring the molten slag in the presence of calcium chloride and a carbonaceous material. The tin in the slag is rapidly converted to a volatile tin chloride compound, which is removed and contacted with a hot calcium chloride solution trickling over a bed of limestone rock to precipitate tin oxide, which is separated from the calcium chloride solution, which may be reused.

Abstract: A method for the production of gaseous sulphur from sulphur dioxide by means of a thermally balanced mixture which comprises a mixture of sulphur dioxide with air or oxygen and a gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon, the proportions of the components of such a mixture being so adjusted as to conform to the conditions that the gaseous reaction products from such a mixture shall have a minimum temperature determined by the liquidus temperature of the melt into which such reaction products are to be injected or the liquidus temperature of the products of reaction between the components of the melt and the injected gaseous reaction products, whichever is the greater, and that the partial pressure of oxygen in such gaseous reaction products is in accord with the desired composition of the melt.

Abstract: Halogenosilanes and halogenogermanes which are contaminated by a boron-coining impurity are purified by treatment with an effective amount of a hydrated metal oxide or a hydrated silicate containing from about 3 to about 8% by weight of water, and then distilling the treated halogenosilane or halogenogermane at a temperature about 3.degree. to about 15.degree. C above its boiling temperature, and at atmosphere pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing aluminum and aluminum alloy objects for plating which results in an article which exhibits improved corrosion resistant characteristics. The process includes anodizing the aluminum object in an acid bath, placing the anodized object in contact with a chemical which impregnates and is absorbed by the oxidized crystalline surface and finally exposing the treated aluminum object to heat so that the impregnating chemical is pyrolyzed to form an electronically conductive oxide thereby permitting the plating process while preserving an anodic coating of high ionic resistance.

Abstract: A process for substantially reducing the presence of impurities from a sulfur-containing feed material such as dust and hydrometallurgical wastes that result from smelting and refining operations. Pelletized feed materials are heated to 800.degree. to 1150.degree. C and reacted with a gas stream containing chlorine and oxygen. In the presence of sulfur dioxide formed in situ and due to the presence of residual sulfur, the order of volatilization of the elements contained in the feed material is changed from that known for conventional chloridization processes to a more advantageous order. The elements Cd, Bi, Re, Pb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Zn, and As are volatilized and thereby separated from the solid feed material which is consequently enriched in Cu, Ag, Co, Fe, Ni, Au, and precious metals. The feed material is subsequently refined conventionally.

Abstract: This invention relates to refining platinum group metal concentrates and the separation therefrom of silver and of the majority of base metals with which they naturally occur. In more detail the process comprises the steps of:(a) contacting a solid particulate mixture of base, silver and precious metal components, any of which components may be in metallic or chemically combined form, with a halogen-containing gas at a temperature which is sufficiently high for the base metal and silver components to form their halides and for the said halides substantially to volatilize from the said solid mixture, and(b) removing the said volatilized halides from the solid precious metal-containing component which remains.

Abstract: This invention relates to refining platinum group metal concentrates and the separation therefrom of silver and of the majority of base metals which are present with them. In more detail, the process comprises reacting together gaseous hydrogen and chlorine so as to produce a flame and passing into the reaction zone of the said flame the said mineral concentrate in finely divided particulate form.The specification also describes an apparatus for carrying out the above process comprising a tubular burner having a hydrogen-chlorine flame discharging into an inner heat resistant tube and means for maintaining the inner tube at an elevated temperature up to at least 2500.degree. C.