Abstract: Methods of recovering manganese in the form of manganese carbonate from ores containing manganese and iron while also removing substantially all of the iron contained in the sulfurous acid leach solution are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing intermediate grade manganese concentrate from low grade manganiferous ores is disclosed. A low grade manganiferous ore containing silicon, iron, between 1 and 20 per cent manganese and oxides of silicon, iron and manganese is first crushed to reduce the size of the manganiferous ore to a fraction of its original size. The crushed manganiferous ore is then heated to a temperature sufficient to chemically transform the manganese and iron in the manganiferous ore to an artificial magnetic, manganese-iron spinel. The heat treated manganiferous ore is cooled, preferably by air, and then beneficiated by further crushing and grinding to liberate the artificial manganese iron spinel from the silicon and other oxides within the ore. Finally, the artificial manganese-iron spinel is magnetically separated from the silicon and other oxides within the ore to increase the concentration of the manganese and thereby provide an intermediate grade manganese concentrate.

Abstract: Oceanographic mining uses a flexible cover draped over a submarine ore-bearing stratum. The cover serves as a blanket-like structure for application of a leaching substance and isolation of the leachate and stratum from the surrounding water. The leachate infiltrates the stratum and becomes pregnant with intended materials. The leaching solution is subsequently pumped to the surface. The ores are separated from the pregnant leaching solution, enabling the solution to be used again. The cover supports and arranges anchor and sealing tubes and leachate and pregnant liquor tubes. Pumps are mounted on a platform connected to the cover. The cover is deployed by sinking parallel coils and filling peripheral tubes to uncoil and anchor the cover on a sea bed. One cover is spread by tube and is sunk in a controlled manner.

Abstract: A process is described for recovering metal values, e.g., gallium, contained in an aqueous solution by extraction comprising the steps of contacting the aqueous solution with a water immiscible organic phase comprising a water-insoluble substituted 8-hydroxyquinoline whereby the metal values are transferred into the organic phase; separating the organic phase from the aqueous solution and recovering the metal values from the organic phase. The novel feature comprises recovering the metal values by contacting the organic phase containing metal values with an aqueous solution of a strong base whereby metal values are removed from the organic phase to the aqueous solution with the aqueous solution containing the recovered metal values having a concentration of at least 4.6 moles per liter total hydroxide, and then separating the metal values from the aqueous phase.

Abstract: A process for extracting and purifying the gallium contained in an industrial solution of sodium aluminate by fixing the gallium on a stationary phase constituted by porous polystyrene adsorbent resin which is impregnated with an extracting agent, optionally in the presence of a surface-active agent. After elution of the gallium in acid medium, the resultant gallium salt is purified and concentrated so as to be reduced directly to the state of high purity metallic gallium, by electrolysis.

Abstract: In a method of preparing high-purity manganese compounds, wherein the method comprises adding a member selected from ferromanganese and metallic manganeses to an aqueous electrolyte-containing solution, dissolving said member while stirring and maintaining a pH of 2 to 9, and then removing insolubles by filtration and recovering solubles by precipitation, heavy metal elements as well as non-metllic elements, such as P, Si, etc. can be removed efficiently, and high-purity manganese compounds of stable quality can be prepared.

Abstract: An improved hydrometallurgical process for extracting metals from ocean-mined ferromanganese nodules. The process includes the steps of contacting the ferromanganese nodules in an extraction zone with an aqueous solution containing effective amounts of chloride ions and nitrate ions necessary to displace metal values in the ore at an elevated temperature and continuing the contact to form an extraction mixture slurry including a liquid component comprising an aqueous solution containing extracted metal values from the ferromanganese nodules dissolved therein and a solid tailing component; and, separating the liquid and solid components of the extraction mixture slurry.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of manganese nodules or deep-sea ores containing manganese of more recent or older crustal layers as catalysts or for the manufacture of catalysts for the reduction of NO.sub.x components in exhaust gases or for the oxidation of NO.sub.x components and SO.sub.2 particles in exhaust gases.With the use of such catalysts, it becomes possible to reduce the NO.sub.x components in exhaust gases by using reduction agents such as NH.sub.3 at relatively low temperatures, for example, 250.degree. C. It is also possible to perform an oxidation reaction first in exhaust gases with the use of such catalysts, for example, with excess oxygen from NO to NO.sub.2.

Abstract: A method of processing manganese ore by adding the ore to an aqueous solution of acid and H.sub.2 O.sub.2 to form a leach pulp. The leach pulp is agitated for a predetermined time period at predetermined temperatures. The leach pulp is then separated into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction containing solubilized metals. The solubilized metals are then recovered from the liquid fraction.

Abstract: A method for obtaining silver and manganese metal from a silver-manganese ore includes the step of leaching the ore with acidified thiourea. More specifically, the method includes the step of leaching the ore with an acidic thiourea solution to form a leach liquor containing compounds of silver and manganese and an insoluble ore residue. The leach liquor is contacted with a quantity of activated carbon to adsorb the silver thiourea complexes on the carbon and to form an extract solution containing the manganese compounds. Next, the carbon which contains adsorbed silver thiourea complexes is contacted with an eluant to desorb the silver complexes from the carbon. The silver metal is recovered from the silver complexes obtained from desorbing the carbon. The manganese metal is recovered from the extract solution. The ore subjected to acidic thiourea leaching is selected from the group consisting of in situ ore, mined ore, comminuted ore, and ore concentrate.

Abstract: A process for at least one of (1) recovering at least one first metal other than manganese from a first ore containing reducible manganese, and (2) recovering at least one second metal from a second ore containing the second metal and at least one metal sulfide of a metal other than the second metal and manganese; the process comprising at least one of: (A) contacting the first ore with an aqueous composition and a material containing at least one metal sulfide in the presence of a metal redox couple more positive than about +0.1 versus the standard hydrogen electrode, W. M.

Abstract: A process for treating a first metal, manganese-containing ore comprising contacting the manganese-containing ore with an aqueous, acidic composition and a material containing at least one metal sulfide at conditions effective to (1) chemically reduce at least a portion of the manganese, (2) solubilize at least a portion of the metal from the metal sulfide, and (3) at least partially liberate the first metal from the ore; and recovering the first metal from the ore. The use of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and/or added ferric ion in the contacting step are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for recovering at least one first metal from a metal sulfide-containing ore comprising contacting the ore with an aqueous, acidic composition and at least one reducible manganese-containing material at conditions effective (1) to chemically reduce the manganese, (2) solubilize at least a portion of the metal from the sulfide, and (3) at least partially liberate the first metal from the ore; and recovering the first metal from the ore. The use of added ferric ion and/or Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria in the above-noted contacting is also disclosed.

Abstract: This method of obtaining an aqueous solution of metal values from an insoluble metal oxide is possible where the metal has a lower oxidation number in the solution than in the insoluble oxide, for example manganese (+2 and +4 respectively).The oxide, such as MnO.sub.2, is treated with hot mineral acid such as HCl in the presence of coal. After some hours, the liquid comes to contain most of the manganese as dissolved Mn(II) ion.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of a complex manganese ore, wherein it comprises the following stages:(a) crushing the ore,(b) subdividing the crushed ore into a first part and a second part,(c) preparing the first pulp from the first part of the crushed ore,(d) reacting the first pulp with a reducing agent to obtain a manganous sulphate solution,(e) separating the liquid phase constituted by the thus obtained manganous sulphate solution from the solid phase of the thus treated first pulp,(f) preparing a second pulp from the second part of the crushed ore,(g) subjecting the second pulp to a solubilization treatment of the nickel, copper and cobalt by reacting it hot with sulphuric acid and the manganous sulphate solution obtained in stage (e),(h) separating the liquid phase and the solid phase of the thus treated second pulp, and(i) recovering the nickel, copper and cobalt from the liquid phase separated in stage (h).

Abstract: The selective leaching of metal ions from various iron oxide and manganese oxide containing ores employs intermediary solutions. The leaching processes are based upon a redox acid leach step employing stabilized cuprous ions and, in one instance, a combination thereof with ferrous ions. Leaching is conducted at low temperatures, up to about 90.degree. C. and low pressures, up to about 1.5 MPa and at a pH of about 1.5 to 2.5. Nickel and cobalt recoveries from the ores, employing these processes, will usually equal or exceed 90 percent. The intermediary solutions comprise stabilized acidic cuprous ions Cu.sup.+ L wherein L is a stabilizing ligand selected from the group consisting of CO, XRCN and Cl.sup.-, X being --H or --OH and R being aliphatic having from one to about four carbon atoms. In at least one process, ferrous ions are introduced for a separate leaching step.

Abstract: A process for separating trivalent iron from an aqueous chloride solution comprising contacting the aqueous solution with an organic phase containing an organophosphoric compound as an extracting agent for trivalent iron and at least 40 percent in volume of a long chain aliphatic alcohol, separating the iron-loaded organic phase from the aqueous solution, and re-extractng the iron from the iron-loaded organic phase by contacting the latter with water or acidulated water so as to produce an aqueous iron chloride solution.Owing to the high alcohol content of the organic phase, iron can be re-extracted with a small amount of water.

Abstract: A process for recovering nonferrous nickel, copper and cobalt from deep sea nodules to obtain a concentrate rich in the nonferrous metals, a middlings less concentrated in the nonferrous metals and a tailings with a very low concentration of the nonferrous metals. The crushed nodules are mixed with middlings, a carbonaceous reductant and a chlorinating agent which is a mixture of sodium chloride with either calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide. In a non-oxidizing atmosphere, the mixture is roasted at a temperature about 850.degree. C. and then cooled. The roasted material is finely ground, slurried and magnetically separated into the three fractions.

Abstract: This invention provides a sorbent composition, manganese nodules with occluded sulfur, effective for removing metal contaminants from gases or liquids. It is effective for removing lead contaminant from gasoline and mercury from water or natural gas. It may be used in the chlor-alkali process for cleaning by-product hydrogen. The sorbent also may be used for recovering valuable metals, for example from mine seepage waters.

Abstract: A process for separating metal values from sea nodules by sulfating the nodule ore under substantially dry conditions, followed by leaching of the sulfated ore; separation of the leaching solution from water-insoluble residue and recovery of the metal values from the leaching solution.

Abstract: A process in which manganese is recovered from manganese nodules after the nodules have been treated to recover base metals such as copper, nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum. The process includes the steps of reacting the manganese in the nodules to yield a carbonate and subjecting the manganese carbonate to flotation. The manganese carbonate froth is collected from the top of a flotation cell, is dried to produce a manganese concentrate, and is sintered to produce a synthetic manganese oxide. Sintering of such concentrates at 1000.degree. C. yields a product containing greater than 50% manganese.The effect of reagent dosage, pH control, and temperature control on the yield of the synthetic manganese oxide is also disclosed.

Abstract: Poly[di-1,2-(diazinylidene)-ethene-1,2-diols] having the structure:X--C.sub.4 H.sub.2 N.sub.2 --C(OH).dbd.C(OH)--C.sub.4 H.sub.2 N.sub.2 --C(OH) ].sub.n C(OH)--C.sub.4 H.sub.2 N.sub.2 --Yin which the C.sub.4 H.sub.2 N.sub.2 group is a diazinylidene diradical having each C(OH) group adjacent (ortho) to one but not two ring nitrogen atoms and not adjacent (ortho) to each other; X and Y are terminal formyl (CHO) groups or groups derived from them by oxidation; and n has a value of zero to seven--are prepared by a cyanide ion catalyzed condensation of pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxaldehyde, pyridazine-3,6-dicarboxaldehyde; or pyrimidine-4,6-dicarboxaldehyde as the only aldehydes which provide the requisite structures. The polymers form complexes with metal ions including manganese, which is insoluble, and vanadium, which is soluble.

Abstract: A process for separating molybdenum values from sea nodules which includes sulfation of the sea nodules, volatilization of the molybdenum values from the sea nodules and collection of the volatile molybdenum values.

Abstract: Nickel, cobalt and manganese are selectively recovered from Atlantic deep sea nodules by means of a preliminary treatment with acetic acid, followed by leaching with sulfurous acid.

Abstract: A system for treating waste gas in which the waste gas is contacted with an absorbent which contains manganese dioxide; thereafter contacting the absorbent with water to solubilize salts of manganese with an acidic ion exchange resin that retains manganese and passes acids formed from manganese salts; contacting the ion exchange resin and contained manganese with dilute nitric acid to obtain Mn(NO.sub.3).sub.2 solution; and precipitating MnO.sub.2 from the Mn(NO.sub.3).sub.2 solution.

Abstract: The process of leaching manganiferous ocean nodule ores with HCl whereby the manganese and other metals present, such as iron, zinc, cobalt, nickel, copper, and like are converted from oxides, silicates or other insoluble forms to water soluble chlorides, and are thereafter separated, purified, and the manganese recovered as MnO.sub.2 by oxidation with chlorine to provide a material suitable for use in metallurgical applications, may be improved by controlling the chlorine pressure and the pH of the leaching reaction in order to first leach out the metals other than manganese; as chloride, and thereafter recovering the manganese in the form of its silicate, aluminate, oxide, or the like.

Abstract: This invention provides a two-stage leaching procedure for manganese nodules for obtaining directly from a second leaching stage a substantially pure stream of copper free of other metal values, the other metal values, including manganese, nickel and cobalt, having been previously extracted in an earlier leaching stage. Both leaching operations are carried out utilizing an ammoniacal aqueous solution on a reduced manganese nodule.

Abstract: Nickel, cobalt and manganese are recovered from deep sea nodules by leaching with sulfurous acid. In addition, selective extraction of nickel and cobalt from copper is achieved by suitable adjustment of process variables such as leaching time and volume and concentration of acid.

Abstract: This invention provides a two-stage leaching procedure for manganese nodules for obtaining directly in one leaching stage the metal values other than manganese in one ammoniacal aqueous solution. The manganese nodules are reduced and then leached initially utilizing a solution of an ammonium salt, e.g., ammonium sulfate, to selectively leach out the manganese value, followed by a second stage leaching with an ammoniacal solution, to leach out the nickel, cobalt and copper values. The nickel, cobalt and copper values can then be individually separated from the second leach solution by liquid ion exchange extraction.

Abstract: A method for selectively extracting metal values from manganese bearing ores such as marine nodules. The ore is initially leached to solubilize manganese and other desirable metals as nitrates. The resulting solution is then treated with manganous hydroxide to selectively precipitate metals such as copper, nickel and cobalt. The enriched mixture of metal hydroxides is separated from the manganese nitrate solution, which is decomposed to recover high purity MnO.sub.2.

Abstract: A process in which copper, nickel, cobalt and molybdenum are recovered by reducing comminuted raw manganese nodules with an aqueous solution containing cuprous ions. An improvement is disclosed in which copper is oxidized to provide a starting solution of cuprous ions for the process. In one important embodiment of the invention wet copper cement is added to a solution of carbon dioxide and ammonia and ground manganese nodules are then added to the mixture. As a result, a starting solution containing cuprous ions is produced. A major advantage gained from utilizing manganese nodules as an oxidizing agent is that the manganese nodule is itself reduced and its metal values are added to the reaction solution.

Abstract: This invention provides a leaching procedure for manganese nodules for obtaining directly from a leaching stage all of the metal values, including manganese, utilizing an ammoniacal aqueous solution. The manganese nodules are reduced and then leached utilizing an ammoniated solution of an ammonium salt comprising at least about 150 grams per liter of ammonium ion and at least 0.83 Normal in the anion, other than hydroxyl. The resultant leach solution comprises the dissolved manganese, nickel, cobalt and copper values from the nodule ore, and can subsequently be treated, as by liquid ion exchange, to separate out the individual metal values.

Abstract: A process for extracting metal values from sea nodules is provided in which nickel, cobalt and copper values are selectively extracted by leaching raw sea nodules in an aqueous ammoniacal medium in the presence of a reducing agent for tetravalent manganese and carbonate to precipitate the reduced manganese as manganous carbonate.

Abstract: After the non-cobalt values are stripped from the co-loaded organic, the cobalt ions on the organic are reduced to the divalent state. The organic loaded with divalent cobalt ions is easily stripped with a dilute acid to render the organic recyclable.In another embodiment of the invention simultaneous reduction and "crowding" is utilized to strip cobalt from the organic. In this embodiment, a convenient source of both reductant Cu.sup.+ and of copper and/or nickel such as pregnant leach liquor is used to crowd the reduced cobalt from the organic.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for extracting nickel, copper, cobalt and molybdenum from a complex ore containing copper, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese and iron. The process features treatment of the ore with gaseous compound followed by leaching with an aqueous ammonia/ammonium salt solution into which is additionally introduced sulfite.

Abstract: A process which enables cumulative recovery of nonferrous metal values from manganiferous sea nodules and a limonitic ore comprises treating the limonitic ore in an aqueous acidic medium under reducing conditions to extract nonferrous metals and iron from the ore and form a solution containing ferrous iron and then leaching the sea nodules with such solution to extract nonferrous metals from the sea nodules and precipitate a predominant amount of the iron as hydrated ferric oxide.

Abstract: Process in which manganese nodules are treated to enable metal values to be recovered. Manganese ore nodules are treated in a two-stage fluid bed process to produce a leachable product. In the first stage, dried nodules are calcined using direct fuel injection under a neutral or slightly oxidizing atmosphere to remove about one-half of the oxygen content. Subsequently, in the second stage, the calcined nodules are reduced with synthesis gas to render the metal values leachable. The metal values such as copper and nickel are leached from the reduced nodules with an ammonia-ammonium carbonate leach solution.