Abstract: Effective stimulation of immune responses is achieved through the use of a group A streptococcal antigen combined with proteosome adjuvant. The compositions are provided in particular for intranasal administration. The vaccine compositions are provided for use in inducing an immune response in an individual for the treatment or prophylaxis of group A streptococcal infection in an individual, preferably via prevention or reduction of colonisation of the throat following intranasal administration.

Abstract: This invention relates to conjugates of the O-specific polysaccharide of E. coli O157 with a carrier, and compositions thereof, and to methods of using of these conjugates and/or compositions thereof for eliciting an immunogenic response in mammals, including responses which provide protection against, or reduce the severity of, bacterial infections. More particularly it relates to the use of polysaccharides containing the tetrasaccharide repeat unit: (?3)-?-DGalpNAc-(1?2)-?-D-PerpNAc-(1?3)-?-L-Fucp-(1?4)-?-D-Glcp-(1?), and conjugates thereof, to induce serum antibodies having bactericidal (killing) activity against hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) causing E. coli, in particular E. coli O157. The conjugates, and compositions thereof, are useful as vaccines to induce serum antibodies which have bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity against E. coli, in particular E. coli O157, and are useful to prevent and/or treat illnesses caused by E. coli O157.

Abstract: Immununological compositions and methods for making and using them. The compositions contain at least one antigen and at least one lipoprotein and optionally an adjuvant. The lipoprotein can itself be antigenic or immunogenic. The antigen can be influenza HA and the lipoprotein a recombinantly expressed product having an OspA leader for lipidation and PspA for the protein portion. The antigen can be OspC and the lipoprotein OspA. The components of the composition are co-administered. A potentiated immunological response is obtained by the compositions and methods.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a fragment of IgA1-protease having 40 to 200 amino acid residues and comprising at least 40 amino acids of an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO:1, beginning with the amino acid in any one of positions 1 to 5 and ending with an amino acid in any one of positions 40 to 104 or a homologous sequence, its use as a carrier for a conjugate, particularly in combination with a polysaccharide, and a process for producing the peptide as well as vaccines comprising said peptide.

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic chimeric fimbrin peptides which induce an immunogenic response in animals to non-typable Haemophilus influenzae and that do not require tedious purification techniques. The synthetic chimeric fimbrin peptides reduce the severity of otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae. The synthetic chimeric fimbrin peptides are synthesized using commercially available peptide synthesizers. The synthetic chimeric fimbrin peptides comprises three peptide units. The first peptide unit is a subunit of the fimbrin protein. Preferably, the fimbrin subunit is comprised of the amino acids of Sequence ID No. 1 or Sequence ID No. 2. The second peptide unit is a t cell epitope, and preferably has the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO. 3. The third peptide unit is a linker peptide unit which joins the first and second peptide unit.

Abstract: This invention relates to hepatitis B virus (“HBV”) core antigen particles that are characterized by multiple immunogen specificities. More particularly, the invention relates to HBV core antigen particles comprising immunogens, epitopes, or other related structures, crosslinked thereto by ligands which are HBV capsid-binding peptides that selectively bind to HBV core protein. Such particles may be used as delivery systems for a diverse range of immunogenic epitopes, including the HBV capsid-binding peptides, which advantageously also inhibit and interfere with HBV viral assembly by blocking the interaction between HBV core protein and HBV surface proteins. Mixtures of different immunogens and/or capsid-binding peptide ligands may be crosslinked to the same HBV core particle. Such resulting multicomponent or multivalent HBV core particles may be advantageously used in therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines and compositions, as well as in diagnostic compositions and methods using them.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of a disease in a mammal by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a conjugate comprising a biospecific affinity counterpart and a peptide, wherein the peptide contains an amino acid sequence that is derived from staphylococcal enterotoxin A, binds to a V? of a T cell receptor, and has a D227A mutation so that the peptide has a modified ability to bind to MHC class II antigens.

Abstract: The invention provides polypeptides, polysaccharide-polypeptide conjugates, and expression vectors for treating or preventing pneumococcal infection. The compositions induce an anti-pneumococcal immune response when administered to a mammal. The compositions can be used prophylactically to vaccinate an individual and/or therapeutically to induce a therapeutic immune response in an infected individual.

Abstract: The main object of the present invention is to provide polysaccharide-coated antigens derivatised with lectins for pharmaceutical use. In the vaccines, polysaccharides are preferably selected from the group consisting of chitosan, low-molecular-weight and high-deacetylation-degree chitosan, methyl glycol. chitosan, alginic acid, polymannuronic acid and salts or derivatives thereof. In the vaccines of the invention, antigens are microorganisms, infectious agents or constituents thereof, hormones, enzymes, proenzymes, narcotics, bioactive peptides, metabolites, biological precursors, cell constituents, allergens, and the lectins are of vegetable origin.

Abstract: A nuclear delivery construct comprises (i) protein H or a fragment or derivative thereof that is capable of being targeted to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell; and associated therewith (ii) one or more other components whose targeting to the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell is desired.

Abstract: The present invention pertains generally to novel Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B glycoconjugates. More particularly, the invention pertains to glycoconjugates formed from a Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B capsular oligosaccharide derivative (MenB OS derivative) in which sialic acid residue N-acetyl groups are replaced with N-acyl groups. The invention also pertains to vaccine formulations containing the glycoconjugates, methods of making the vaccine formulations, and methods of using the vaccine formulations to treat or prevent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B or E. coli K1 disease in a mammalian subject.

Abstract: Immunogenic compositions and subunit vaccines for dental caries are described which comprise peptide subunits of glucan binding protein-B and peptide subunits of glucan binding protein-B in combination with peptide subunits of glucosyltransferase. Methods of provoking an immune response to S. mutans glucan binding protein-B or glucosyltransferase. Methods of immunizing a mammal against dental caries are also described, along with antibodies which bind particular epitopes of glucan binding protein-B or glucosyltransferase.

Abstract: This invention provides submicron oil-in-water emulsions useful as a vaccine adjuvant for enhancing the immunogenicity of antigens. The present invention also provides vaccine compositions containing an antigen combined with such emulsions intrinsically or extrinsically. Methods of preparing the emulsions and vaccines are also provided by the present invention.

Abstract: Outer-membrane vesicles, Class 1 outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitidis, fragments or oligopeptides containing epitopes of the Class I OMP can be used to immunize against meningococcal disease.

Abstract: An immunogenic complex, essentially consisting of neisserial outer membrane protein proteosomes hydrophobically complexed to native purified bacterial lipopolysaccaride and formulated in accordance with the current invention for mucosal delivery such as via the oral or intranasal route is used as a vaccine. Specifically, a vaccine using shigella lipopolysaccharides complexed to proteosomes for such mucosal administration induces IgG and IgA antibodies in sera and in respiratory and intestinal fluids. Furthermore, such antibodies are associated with protection against shigella infection and these vaccines are herein demonstrated to protect against mucosal infection with shigella.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical composition containing at least one peptide or protein (fragment) with an immunomodulatory activity together with an adjuvant. The peptide is derived from a pathogenic agent or a tumour antigen. The adjuvant is capable of increasing the binding of the peptide to the cells of the individual to be treated or of increasing the entry of the peptide into the cells and strengthening the immunomodulatory activity of the peptide. Preferred adjuvants are basic polyamino acids such as polyarginine or polylysine, optionally conjugated with a cellular ligand such as a carbohydrate group or transferrin. The composition is particularly intended for use as a vaccine, e.g. as a tumour vaccine.

Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein having a molecular weight of 28 779 Da, and hybrid proteins containing at least portions of its sequence. These proteins may in particular be used in vaccines or for the detection of specific tuberculosis antibodies.

Abstract: The present invention provides glucan-based compositions and methods for stimulating an immune response against mutans streptococci components and vaccines and methods for the treatment and prevention of dental caries. In a preferred embodiment, a glucan polymer, preferably WSG, is covalently bound to one or more T cell-dependent antigens to form a conjugate vaccine. The T cell-dependent antigen preferably contains epitopes of one or more mutans streptococcal proteins, such as a glucosyltransferase. Moreover, one or more moieties, including haptens, may be conjugated to the glucan-T cell-dependent composition. In a preferred embodiment, these moieties are peptides which contain immunogenic epitopes corresponding to components of a mutans streptococcus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vaccine for inducing an immune response in mammal to a specific antigen, where the vaccine comprises a unit dose of a binary toxin protective antigen and the antigen, which is bound to a binary toxin protective antigen binding protein. In one embodiment the vaccine is comprised of an anthrax protective antigen and the antigen bound to anthrax protective antigen binding protein. The present invention also provides a method of immunizing a mammal against an antigen using the vaccine, and a method of inducing antigen-presenting mammalian cells to present specific antigens via the MHC class I processing pathway.

Abstract: Immunogenic polypeptides comprising hepatitis C virus (HCV) immunogens are described. The HCV immunogen comprises the amino acid sequence Xaa-Thr-Xaa-Val-Thr-Gly-Gly-Xaa-Ala-Ala-Arg-Thr-Thr-Xaa-Gly-Xaa-Xaa-Ser-Leu-P he-Xaa-Xaa-Gly-Xaa-Ser-Gln-Xaa-Ile-Gln-Leu-Ile (SEQ ID NO:8). The immunogenic polypeptide can be coupled to a bacterial toxoid, such as a diphtheria toxoid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for increasing HDL cholesterol in a mammal by stimulating an immune response that inhibits the function of CETP. Such an immune response can be induced by immunizing with CETP or fragments of CETP (together termed “CETP Peptides”) which contain an epitope capable of stimulating such a response. The peptides can be conjugated to a carrier, such as KLH or ovalbumin, in order to increase immunogenicity. Adjuvants can also be administered.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel composition which is a hybrid heat labile enterotoxin comprising the A-subunit of the heat labile toxin of Escherichia coli (LT-A) and the B-subunit of the cholera enterotoxin of Vibrio cholerae (CT-B). The hybrid toxin is designated LT-A/CT-B. The LT-A subunit, the CT-B subunit, or both subunits of the hybrid toxin may be mutant subunits, e.g., differing from wild-type subunits by amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions. Also provided are methods of using the novel LT-A/CT-B comprising compositions of the invention as adjuvants for vaccines, methods of making the LT-A/CT-B hybrid holotoxin, and kits.

Abstract: Vaccine compositions and immunogenic compositions are described which are glucosyltransferase subunit vaccines for dental caries and which contain at least one peptide which corresponds to a sequence of glucosyltransferase containing aspartate 413, an equivalent of aspartate 413, aspartate 451, an equivalent of aspartate 451, aspartate 562, an equivalent of aspartate 562, aspartate 567, an equivalent of aspartate 567, histidine 561, an equivalent of histidine 561, tryptophan 491, an equivalent of tryptophan 491, glutamate 489, an equivalent of glutamate 489, arginine 449, an equivalent of arginine 449, or combinations thereof. These subunit vaccines elicit antibodies which protect an immunized mammal from dental caries. Methods of provoking an immune response to intact glucosyltransferase are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel vaccines for the prevention or attenuation of infection by Streptococcus pneunoniae. The invention further relates to isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding antigenic polypeptides of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antigenic polypeptides are also provided, as are vectors, host cells and recombinant methods for producing the same. The invention additionally relates to diagnostic methods for detecting Streptococcus nucleic acids, polypeptides and antibodies in a biological sample.

Abstract: A vaccine, effective in inducing the production of antibodies with which to immunize a second subject passively against infection by Gram-negative bacteria and LPS-mediated pathology, comprises a non-covalent polyvalent complex formed between purified, detoxified LPS derived from E. coli and purified outer membrane protein derived from N. meningitidis. The same vaccine will also actively immunize a host subject against Gram-negative bacterial infections and LPS-mediated pathology. Meningococcal infections are included among those Gram-negative bacterial infections protected against by the vaccine.

Abstract: Multivalent immunogenic molecules comprise a carrier molecule containing at least one functional T-cell epitope and multiple different carbohydrate fragments each linker to the carrier molecule and each containing at least one functional B-cell epitope. The carrier molecule inputs enhanced immunogenicity to the multiple carbohydrate fragments. The carbohydrate fragments may be capsular oligosaccharide fragments from Streptococcus pneumoniae, which may be serotypes 1, 4, 5, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F or 23F, or Neisseria meningitidis, which may be serotype A, B, C, W-135 or Y. Such oligosaccharide fragments may be sized from 2 to 5 kDa. Alternatively, the carbohydrate fragments may be fragments of carbohydrate-based tumor antigens, such as Globo H, LeY or STn. The multivalent molecules may be produced by random conjugation or site-directed conjugation of the carbohydrate fragments to the carrier molecule.

Abstract: A method is provided for identifying, isolating, and producing htrB mutants of gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The method comprises mutating the htrB gene of a gram-negative bacterial pathogen so that there is a lack of a functional htrB protein, resulting in a mutant that lacks one or more secondary acyl chains contained in the wild type gram-negative bacterial pathogen, and displays substantially reduced toxicity as compared to the wild type strain. Also, the present invention provides methods for using a vaccine formulation containing the htrB mutant, the endotoxin isolated therefrom, or the endotoxin isolated therefrom which is then conjugated to a carrier protein, to immunize an individual against infections caused by gram-negative bacterial pathogens by administering a prophylactically effective amount of the vaccine formulation.

Abstract: Immunological compositions and methods for making and using them. The compositions contain at least one antigen and at least one lipoprotein and optionally an adjuvant. The lipoprotein can itself be antigenic or immunogenic. The antigen can be influenza HA and the lipoprotein a recombinantly expressed product having an OspA leader for lipidation and PspA for the protein portion. The antigen can be OspC and the lipoprotein OspA. The components of the composition are co-administered. A potentiated immunological response is obtained by the compositions and methods.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for treatment of amyloidogenic diseases. Such methods entail administering an agent that induces a beneficial immune response against an amyloid deposit in the patient. The methods are particularly useful for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In such methods, a suitable agent is A? peptide or an antibody thereto.

Abstract: The invention concerns an acellular immunogenic or vaccine composition for producing antibodies against Bacillus anthracis comprising a protective antigen (PA) and killed and optionally purified spores, obtained from mutating strains of Bacillus anthracis and their uses.

Abstract: A method for inactivating target cells in the presence of T cells by bringing the two types of cells in contact with a superantigen (SAG) in the presence of an immune modulator, characterized in that at least one of the superantigen and the immune modulator is in the form of a conjugate between a “free” superantigen (Sag) and a moiety targeting the conjugate to the target cells. A superantigen conjugate complying with the formula (1) (T)x(Sag)y(IM)z; a) T is a targeting moiety, Sag corresponds to a free superantigen, IM is an immune modulator that is not a superantigen and T, Sag and IM are linked together via organic linkers B; b) x, y and z are integers that typically are selected among 0-10 and represent the number of moieties T, Sag and IM, respectively, in a given conjugate molecule, with the provision that y>0 and also one or both of x and z>0. The superantigen conjugate is preferably a triple fusion protein.

Abstract: There is provided a DNA molecule derived from a prokaryotic cell in which at least one of the DNA regions encoding NXB (N is asparagine, X is any amino acid other than proline, and B is serine or threonine) has been modified so that no N-glycosylation occurs during the expression in a eukaryotic cell, and since the DNA molecule has been modified at the N-glycosylation site, it produces a non-N-glycosylated protein, which thereby exhibits a high immunogenicity when, for example, it is allowed to produce, in a eukaryotic cell, an antigen protein derived from a prokaryotic cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of the major OprI lipoprotein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to elicit a Type-1 immune response towards a heterologous antigen. The invention relates specifically to the use of OprI—antigen fusion proteins to elicit the Type-1 response. More particularly, the present invention is directed to pharmaceutical formulations comprising OprI and/or OprI fusion proteins, optionally together with a suitable excipient, to stimulate the Th1 dependent, cellular immune response.

Abstract: A negatively-charged Staphylococcus antigen contains amino acids and a N-acetylated hexosamine as a major carbohydrate component. The antigen is common to many coagulase-negative strains of Staphylococcus, including S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. hominis. Staphylococcus strains that carry the antigen include many clinically significant strains of Staphylococcus. The antigen and antibodies to the antigen are useful in kits and assays for diagnosing Staphylococcus infection. Vaccines of the antigen and of whole cells that carry the antigen also are disclosed.

Abstract: The main object of the present invention is to provide polysaccharide-coated antigens derivatized with lectins for pharmaceutical use. In the vaccines, polysaccharides are preferably selected from the group consisting of chitosan, low-molecular-weight and high-deacetylation-degree chitosan, methyl glycol chitosan, alginic acid, polymannuronic acid and salts or derivatives thereof. In the vaccines of the invention, antigens are microorganisms, infectious agents or constituents thereof, hormones, enzymes, proenzymes, narcotics, bioactive peptides, metabolites, biological precursors, cell constituents, allergens, and the lectins are of vegetable origin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for treatment of microbial infections and for the enhancement of resistance to infection. The invention comprises administration of an effective amount of bacterial lysate compositions for the treatment of pathological conditions of microbial infections. The present invention can also be used to enhance the immune system to prevent infections by the administration of an effective amount of the compositions.

Abstract: Methods for treating psychiatric disorders include intracranial administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin type A, to a human patient.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a new approach for the therapy of allergic responses, based on targeted elimination of cells expressing the Fc?RI receptor by a chimeric cytotoxin Fc2?-3-PE40. A sequence encoding amino acids 301-437 of the Fc region of the mouse IgE molecule was genetically fused to PE40—a truncated form of PE lacking the cell binding domain. The chimeric protein, produced in E. coli, specifically and efficiently kills mouse mast cell lines expressing the Fc?RI receptor, as well as primary mast cells derived from bone marrow. The present invention provides a chimeric protein for targeted elimination of Fc?RI expressing cells especially useful for the therapy of allergic responses. The said chimeric protein is comprised of a cell targeting moiety for Fc?RI expressing cells and a cell killing moiety. The preferred killing moiety is the bacterial toxin Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE). This Pseudomonas exotoxin is a product of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Abstract: Purified synthetic polypeptide ligands comprising a 12-mer L-peptide, D-peptides being the D-form of the 12-mer L-peptides, 12-mer retro-inverted peptides being the retro-inverted form of the 12-mer L-peptide, or fragments and homologues thereof, are disclosed. These ligands are for targeting pharmaceutical agents and carriers comprising such agents to intestinal epithelial tissue, especially Peyer's patch and/or M-Cell tissue. Methods of using the ligands are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel vaccines and pharmaceutical compositions using membrane vesicles of microorganisms, methods for preparing same, and their use in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of inducing a CD8+ CTL response to a molecule in an individual deficient in CD4+ T cells comprising administering to the individual an hsp or a portion of an ATP binding domain of an hsp joined to the molecule. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of treating HIV in an individual deficient in CD4+ T cells comprising administering to the individual an hsp or a portion of an ATP binding domain of an hsp joined to the molecule. Also encompassed by the present invention is a method of inducing a CD4+ independent CTL response in an individual comprising administering to the individual a portion of an ATP binding domain of an hsp joined to the molecule. The present invention also relates to a method of inducing a CD8+ CTL response in an individual comprising administering to the individual a portion of an ATP binding domain of an hsp joined to the molecule.

Abstract: This invention relates to conjugates of the O-specific polysaccharide of E. coli O157 with a carrier, and compositions thereof, and to methods of using of these conjugates and/or compositions thereof for eliciting an immunogenic response in mammals, including responses which provide protection against, or reduce the severity of, bacterial infections. More particularly it relates to the use of polysaccharides containing the tetrasaccharide repeat unit: (?3)-?-D-GalpNAc-(1?2)-?-D-PerpNAc-(1?3)-?-L-Fucp-(1?4)-?-D-Glcp-(1?), and conjugates thereof, to induce serum antibodies having bactericidal (killing) activity against hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) causing E. coli, in particular E. coli O157. The conjugates, and compositions thereof, are useful as vaccines to induce serum antibodies which have bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity against against E. coli, in particular E. coli O157, and are useful to prevent and/or treat illnesses caused by E. coli O157.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyepitope carrier proteins that comprise at least five CD4+ T cell epitopes, for conjugation to capsular polysaccharides. The carrier proteins are use useful as components of vaccines that can elicit a T-cell dependent immune response. These vaccines arm particularly useful to confer protection against infection from encapsulated bacteria in infants between the ages of 3 months and about 2 years.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treatment of acute pancreatitis in a mammal. Particular compositions comprise a binding element, a translocation element, and a therapeutic element able to prevent accumulation of digestive enzymes within the pancreas.

Abstract: The production of a purified extracellular bacterial signal called autoinducer-2 is regulated by changes in environmental conditions associated with a shift from a free-living existence to a colonizing or pathogenic existence in a host organism. Autoinducer-2 stimulates LuxQ luminescence genes, and is believed also to stimulate a variety of pathogenesis related genes in the bacterial species that produce it. A new class of bacterial genes is involved in the biosynthesis of autoinducer-2.

Abstract: Vaccine compositions and immunogenic compositions are described which are glucosyltransferase subunit vaccines for dental caries and which contain at least one peptide which corresponds to a sequence of glucosyltransferase containing aspartate 413, an equivalent of aspartate 413, aspartate 451, an equivalent of aspartate 451, aspartate 562, and equivalent of aspartate 562, aspartate 567, an equivalent of aspartate 567, histidine 561, an equivalent of histidine 561, tryptophan 491, an equivalent of tryptophan 491, glutamate 489, an equivalent of glutamate 489, arginine 449, an equivalent of arginine 449, or combinations thereof. These subunit vaccines elicit antibodies which protect an immunized mammal from dental caries. Methods of provoking an immune response to intact glucosyltransferase are also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to hepatitis B virus (“HBV”) core antigen particles that are characterized by multiple immunogen specificities. More particularly, the invention relates to HBV core antigen particles comprising immunogens, epitopes, or other related structures, crosslinked thereto by ligands which are HBV capsid-binding peptides that selectively bind to HBV core protein. Such particles may be used as delivery systems for a diverse range of immunogenic epitopes, including the HBV capsid-binding peptides, which advantageously also inhibit and interfere with HBV viral assembly by blocking the interaction between HBV core protein and HBV surface proteins. Mixtures of different immunogens and/or capsid-binding peptide ligands may be crosslinked to the same HBV core particle. Such resulting multicomponent or multivalent HBV core particles may be advantageously used in therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines and compositions, as well as in diagnostic compositions and methods using them.

Abstract: The invention relates to sequences of protein L which bind to light chains of immunoglobulins. The invention also relates to hybrid proteins thereof which are able to bind to both light and heavy chains of immunoglobulin G, in particular protein LG. The invention also relates to DNA-sequences which code for the proteins, vectors which include such DNA-sequences, host cells which have been transformed with the vectors, methods for producing the proteins, reagent appliances for separation and identification of immunoglobulins, compositions and pharmaceutical compositions and pharmaceutical compositions which contain the proteins.

Abstract: The invention relates to adjuvants that contain a lecithin, an oil and an amphiphilic surfactant and that are capable of forming a stable oil-in-water emulsion vaccine so as to minimize local reactions to the vaccine in the injected animal.

Abstract: An immunogenic complex, essentially consisting of neisserial outer membrane protein proteosomes hydrophobically complexed to native purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide and formulated in accordance with the current invention for mucosal delivery such as via the oral or intranasal route is used as a vaccine. Specifically, a vaccine using shigella lipopolysaccharides complexed to proteosomes for such mucosal administration induces IgG and IgA antibodies in sera and in respiratory and intestinal fluids. Furthermore, such antibodies are associated with protection against shigella infection and these vaccines are herein demonstrated to protect against mucosal infection with shigella.