Subunit Vaccine Containing Hemagglutinin Or Neuraminidase Patents (Class 424/210.1)
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Publication number: 20100183671Abstract: An influenza vaccine that lacks at least three of a mercurial preservative; an antibiotic; formaldehyde; and egg-derived materials. In some embodiments, the vaccine includes none of these four components.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 27, 2008Publication date: July 22, 2010Applicant: Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics GmbH & Co., KGInventors: Jens-Peter Gregersen, Holger Luebben, Juergen Vorlop
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Patent number: 7744901Abstract: Polypeptides, polynucleotides, methods, compositions, and vaccines comprising (avian pandemic) influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase variants are provided.Type: GrantFiled: January 15, 2009Date of Patent: June 29, 2010Assignees: MedImmune, LLC, National Institute of HealthInventors: Chin-Fen Yang, George Kemble, Kanta Subbarao, Brian Murphy
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Publication number: 20100129401Abstract: The present invention discloses and claims virus like particles (VLPs) that express and/or contains seasonal influenza virus proteins, avian influenza virus proteins and/or influenza virus proteins from viruses with pandemic potential. The invention includes vector constructs comprising said proteins, cells comprising said constructs, formulations and vaccines comprising VLPs of the inventions. The invention also includes methods of making and administrating VLPs to vertebrates, including methods of inducing substantial immunity to either seasonal and avian influenza, or at least one symptom thereof.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 19, 2008Publication date: May 27, 2010Inventors: Gale Smith, Rick Bright, Peter M. Pushko, Jinyou Zhang, Kutub Mahmood
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Patent number: 7687611Abstract: The present invention relates to novel methods for separating hemagglutinin (HA) antigens, comprising the steps of applying a reduced and derivatized antigen preparation comprising solubilized HA antigens and a detergent in a pH controlled solution, on a Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography column; and eluting the HA antigens from the column with an ion pairing agent in an organic mobile phase. The invention further relates to quantifying methods using the methods for separating the antigens with the further step of measuring the peak area of the eluted antigen in a chromatogram resulting from the elution step.Type: GrantFiled: May 2, 2005Date of Patent: March 30, 2010Assignee: Crucell Holland B.V.Inventors: Johan C. Kapteyn, Fija M. Lagerwerf
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Patent number: 7638608Abstract: The present invention relates to novel methods for separating hemagglutinin (HA) antigens, comprising the steps of applying a reduced and derivatized antigen preparation comprising solubilized HA antigens and a detergent in a pH controlled solution, on a Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) column; and eluting the HA antigens from the column with an ion pairing agent in an organic mobile phase. The invention further relates to quantifying methods using the methods for separating the antigens with the further step of measuring the peak area of the eluted antigen in a chromatogram resulting from the elution step.Type: GrantFiled: March 3, 2005Date of Patent: December 29, 2009Assignee: Crucell Holland B.V.Inventors: Johan Christiaan Kapteyn, Fija Maria Lagerwerf
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Publication number: 20090304744Abstract: The present invention relates to immunogenic compositions for intradermal delivery of an antigenic or immunogenic agent in combination with one or more excipients. The immunogenic compositions of the invention comprise an antigenic or immunogenic agent and at least one excipient which acts as an adjuvant, i.e., enhances the immune response to the antigenic or immunogenic agent, once delivered to the intradermal compartment of a subject's skin. The immunogenic compositions of the invention comprise an excipient which when administered to the intradermal compartment of skin in accordance with the invention demonstrate adjuvant activity. The immunogenic compositions of the invention have enhanced efficacy as the excipients of the composition cause an asymptomatic skin irritation and recruit antigen presenting cells to the intradermal compartment and thus enhance presentation and/or availability of the antigenic or immunogenic agent to the antigen presenting cells.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 10, 2009Publication date: December 10, 2009Applicant: Becton, Dickinson and CompanyInventors: Robert L. Campbell, Kevin G. Dolan, Jason B. Alarcon, John A. Mikszta, Wendy Woodley, Sheetal Mehta
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Publication number: 20090285851Abstract: The present invention relates to an immuno-therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine comprising monocytes or immature myeloid cells (IMCs) loaded with the ligand of natural killer T cell and an antigen for the prevention and treatment of infectious disease or cancer, more precisely, an immuno-therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine comprising monocytes or IMCs loaded with ?-galactosylceramide (?GalCer), a kind of glycolipid and a natural killer T cell ligand, and antigen. Monocytes or immature myeloid cells (IMCs) therein, which are easily obtainable, unlike dendritic cells, not only induce a significant level of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses but also have a prophylactic and therapeutic effect on malignant tumor. Therefore, the immuno-therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine of the present invention can be effectively used as an immunotherapeutic agent.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 28, 2007Publication date: November 19, 2009Applicant: SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY FOUNDATIONInventors: Chang-Yuil Kang, Hyun-Jeong Ko, Jung-Mi Lee, Yeon-Jeong Kim
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Patent number: 7566458Abstract: Polypeptides, polynucleotides, methods, compositions, and vaccines comprising influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase variants are provided.Type: GrantFiled: June 16, 2004Date of Patent: July 28, 2009Assignee: MedImmune, LLCInventors: Chin-Fen Yang, George Kemble, Chongguang Liu
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Patent number: 7566454Abstract: Codon-optimized nucleic acids encoding influenza polypeptides and uses of the nucleic acids and polypeptides for inducing immune responses are provided herein.Type: GrantFiled: February 24, 2006Date of Patent: July 28, 2009Assignee: University of MassachusettsInventors: Shan Lu, Shixia Wang
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Publication number: 20090162400Abstract: Compositions, fusion proteins and polypeptides comprise at least one pathogen-associated molecular pattern and at least a portion of at least one integral membrane protein of an influenza viral antigen. The compositions, fusion proteins and polypeptides are used to stimulate an immune response in a subject.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 18, 2007Publication date: June 25, 2009Inventors: Thomas J. Powell, James W. Huleatt, Valerian Nakaar, Langzhou Song, William F. McDonald, Albert E. Price, Duane D. Hewitt
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Patent number: 7527800Abstract: Polypeptides, polynucleotides, methods, compositions, and vaccines comprising (avian pandemic) influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase variants are provided.Type: GrantFiled: May 20, 2005Date of Patent: May 5, 2009Assignee: MedImmune, LLCInventors: Chin-Fen Yang, George Kemble
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Publication number: 20090104147Abstract: Methods of delivering a cargo moiety to a cell is provided according to embodiments of the present invention which includes contacting a cell expressing sialoadhesin with a conjugate including a sialoadhesin binding moiety and a cargo moiety. The sialoadhesin binding moiety binds to the sialoadhesin expressed by the cell and is internalized along with the cargo, delivering the cargo moiety to the cell. Particular methods provided by the present invention include induction or enhancement of sialoadhesin expression in a cell which naturally produces little or no sialoadhesin. Induction or enhancement of sialoadhesin expression includes transfection of a sialoadhesin expression construct and/or administration of an agent effective to induce or enhance sialoadhesin expression. Methods and compositions for stimulating an immune response in a subject are detailed. Particular methods and compositions for stimulating an immune response to a virus are provided by the present invention.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 11, 2007Publication date: April 23, 2009Inventors: Peter Delputte, Hans Nauwynck
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Publication number: 20090081255Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing flu virus according to which: a) immunizing a hen by administering a flu vaccine to the hen, b) triggering embryogenesis in one or more eggs of the immunized hen, c) infecting the one or more embryonated eggs by inoculating a flu virus into the allantoic cavity of the eggs, d) incubating the one or more infected embryonated eggs under temperature and humidity conditions that allow replication of the virus, and e) harvesting the allantoic fluid of the one or more incubated eggs containing the virus.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 26, 2008Publication date: March 26, 2009Applicant: SANOFI PASTEURInventors: Michel Marie Joseph Bublot, Francois-Xavier Le Gros, Catherine Gerdil, Catherine Moste, Isabelle Legastelois
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Patent number: 7507416Abstract: The recombinant live vaccine comprises a viral vector incorporating and expressing in vivo a heterologous nucleotide sequence, preferably a gene of a pathogenic agent, and at least one adjuvant compound chosen from the acrylic or methacrylic polymers and the copolymers of maleic anhydride and an alkenyl derivative. It is in particular a polymer of acrylic or methacrylic acid cross-linked with a polyalkenyl ether of a sugar or polyalcohol (carbomer), in particular cross-linked with an allyl sucrose or with allylpentaerythritol. It may also be a copolymer of maleic anhydride and ethylene cross-linked, for example, with divinyl ether.Type: GrantFiled: December 12, 2003Date of Patent: March 24, 2009Assignee: Merial LimitedInventors: Jean-Christophe Francis Audonnet, Jules Maarten Minke
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Patent number: 7494656Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising an AP205 virus like particle (VLP) and an antigen. The invention also provides a process for producing an antigen or antigenic determinant bound to AP205 VLP. AP205 VLP bound to an antigen is useful in the production of compositions for inducing immune responses that are useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases, disorders or conditions including infectious diseases, allergies, cancer, drug addiction, poisoning and to efficiently induce self-specific immune responses, in particular antibody responses.Type: GrantFiled: November 20, 2006Date of Patent: February 24, 2009Assignee: Cytos Biotechnology AGInventors: Martin Bachmann, Alain Tissot, Paul Pumpens, Indulis Cielens, Regina Renhofa
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Publication number: 20090047286Abstract: The present invention provides influenza A viruses that include a hemagglutinin subtype H2, a neuraminidase subtype N3, or the combination thereof. Included in the present invention are H2 hemagglutinins and N3 neuraminidases, and the polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. Antibody to the polypeptides, and methods of using the viruses, polypeptides, polynucleotides, and antibodies are also provided.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 11, 2008Publication date: February 19, 2009Inventors: MARIE RENE GRAMER, KELLY LAGER, WENJUN MA, JUERGEN RICHT, AMY VINCENT
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Patent number: 7449188Abstract: The present invention relates to a chimeric protein comprising an antigen and an oligomerisation domain. The present invention relates further to recombinant oligomeric protein complexes comprising said chimeric protein and the use thereof for the manufacture of a vaccine.Type: GrantFiled: January 18, 2002Date of Patent: November 11, 2008Assignee: Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut Voor BiotechnologieInventors: Marina De Filette, Tom Maria Deroo, Walter Fiers, Marleen Maras, Willy Alfons Min Jou
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Publication number: 20080233142Abstract: A transcutaneous immunization system where the topical application of an adjuvant and an antigen or nucleic acid encoding for an antigen, to intact skin induces a systemic or mucosol antibody response. The immune response so elicited can be enhanced by physical or chemical skin penetration enhancement.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 24, 2007Publication date: September 25, 2008Inventors: Gregory M. Glenn, Carl Alving
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Patent number: 7384642Abstract: The present invention encompasses influenza vaccines, in particular canine influenza vaccines. The vaccine may be a recombinant poxvirus vaccine or an inactivated vaccine. The invention also encompasses recombinant poxvirus vectors encoding and expressing influenza antigens, epitopes or immunogens which can be used to protect animals, in particular dogs, against influenza.Type: GrantFiled: August 25, 2005Date of Patent: June 10, 2008Assignee: Merial LimitedInventors: Jules Maarten Minke, Kemal Karaca, Jiansheng Yao
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Publication number: 20080075736Abstract: The subject invention pertains to isolated influenza virus that is capable of infecting canids and causing respiratory disease in the canid. The subject invention also pertains to compositions and methods for inducing an immune response against an influenza virus of the present invention. The subject invention also pertains to compositions and methods for identifying a virus of the invention and diagnosing infection of an animal with a virus of the invention.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 19, 2006Publication date: March 27, 2008Inventors: Patti C. Crawford, Paul J. Gibbs, Edward J. Dubovi, Ruben Omar Donis, Jacqueline Katz, Alexander I. Klimov, Nallakannu P. Lakshmanan, Melissa Anne Lum, Daniel Ghislena Emiel Goovaerts, Mark William Mellencamp, Nancy J. Cox
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Patent number: 7316813Abstract: An inactivated influenza virus preparation is described which comprises a haemagglutinin antigen stabilized in the absence of thiomersal, or at low levels of thiomersal, wherein the haemagglutinin is detectable by a SRD assay. The influenza virus preparation may comprise a micelle modifying excipient, for example ?-tocopherol or a derivative thereof in a sufficient amount to stabilize the haemagglutinin.Type: GrantFiled: May 29, 2002Date of Patent: January 8, 2008Assignee: Saechsisches Serumwerk Dresden Branch of SmithKline Beecham Pharma GmbH & Co KGInventor: Uwe Eichhorn
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Patent number: 7244435Abstract: The invention is for a DNA vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin (HA1) gene of equine-2 influenza virus. By engineering a stop codon within HA1, expression of HA1 is ensured. By encapsulation of the DNA vaccine in liposome and by intranasal inoculation, it is sufficient to elicit protective immunity at a significantly lower dosage compared to a DNA vaccine expressing the full length HA gene. Lower dosage reduces the risk of induction of anti-DNA antibodies. Intranasal inoculation directly to the respiratory epithelial cells reduces the risk of DNA integration. The inventive vaccine is advantageous over current inactivated or live attenuated vaccines, as updating of the vaccine requires only the replacement of the encoding sequence with the new virus.Type: GrantFiled: April 16, 2004Date of Patent: July 17, 2007Assignee: Board of Regents for Oklahoma State UniversityInventor: Alexander Lai
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Patent number: 7226775Abstract: A method of removing bacterial endotoxin from a pharmaceutical process solution is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises treating the solution with a surfactant effective to dissociate the endotoxin from a pharmaceutical drug or vaccine substance in the solution, and then filtering the solution through a molecular cut-off filter having a pore size effective to retain the pharmaceutical drug or vaccine substance but allow the dissociated bacterial endotoxin to pass therethrough.Type: GrantFiled: March 12, 2001Date of Patent: June 5, 2007Assignee: Medeva Europe LimitedInventors: Bridget Kathleen Mapleson, Philip Sizer
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Patent number: 7189800Abstract: Peptides of influenza virus hemagglutinin protein and Plasmodium falciparum malaria antigen, antibodies specific for the peptides, influenza vaccines, malaria vaccines and methods of stimulating the immune response of a subject to produce antibodies to influenza virus or malaria are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for formulating vaccines for influenza virus.Type: GrantFiled: March 26, 2002Date of Patent: March 13, 2007Inventors: Samuel Bogoch, Elenore S. Bogoch
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Patent number: 7135188Abstract: Methods and vaccines for suppressing formation of or inhibiting growth of tumors in a host are provided, via administration of a vaccine containing either a fusion protein of the tumor associated antigen fused to a truncated form of listeriolysin or a recombinant form of Listeria monocytogenes which grows and spreads and is capable of expressing the tumor associated antigen alone or as a listeriolysin fusion protein.Type: GrantFiled: May 20, 2003Date of Patent: November 14, 2006Assignee: The Trustees of The University of PennsylvaniaInventor: Yvonne Paterson
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Patent number: 6951649Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for formulating a vaccine composition which comprises an anti-influenza vaccine, wherein the improvement of the vaccine composition is that the vaccine includes, as an additive, neuraminidase (NA). The base anti-influenza vaccine can be any commercially available anti-influenza vaccine. The improved composition can include and be administered with an adjuvant. The improved vaccine composition provides protection in a host, animal or human, against influenza infection, including viral replication and systemic infection.Type: GrantFiled: October 4, 2002Date of Patent: October 4, 2005Assignee: Protein Sciences CorporationInventors: Gail Eugene Smith, James T. Matthews, Edwin D Kilbourne, Bert E. Johansson, Bethanie E. Wilkinson, Andrie I. Voznesensky, Craig S. Hackett, Franklin Volvovitz
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Patent number: 6866853Abstract: The present invention relates to genetically engineered attenuated viruses and methods for their production. In particular, the present invention relates to engineering live attenuated viruses which contain a modified NS gene segment. Recombinant DNA techniques can be utilized to engineer site specific mutations into one or more noncoding regions of the viral genome which result in the down-regulation of one or more viral genes. Alternatively, recombinant DNA techniques can be used to engineer a mutation, including but not limited to an insertion, deletion, or substitution of an amino acid residue(s) or an epitope(s) into a coding region of the viral genome so that altered or chimeric viral proteins are expressed by the engineered virus.Type: GrantFiled: December 9, 2002Date of Patent: March 15, 2005Assignee: Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York UniversityInventors: Andrei Egorov, Thomas Muster, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Peter Palese, Sabine Brandt
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Patent number: 6855321Abstract: The invention relates to polyepitope carrier proteins that comprise at least five CD4+ T cell epitopes, for conjugation to capsular polysaccharides. The carrier proteins are use useful as components of vaccines that can elicit a T-cell dependent immune response. These vaccines arm particularly useful to confer protection against infection from encapsulated bacteria in infants between the ages of 3 months and about 2 years.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 1999Date of Patent: February 15, 2005Assignee: Chiron S.r.l.Inventors: Rino Rappuoli, Guido Grandi
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Patent number: 6814981Abstract: An immunostimulating complex comprising one or more ganglosides, illustrated by the ganglosides GM2, GD2, GD3 or GT3, is useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent in the treatment of tumors, inter alia, especially melanomas.Type: GrantFiled: February 10, 2000Date of Patent: November 9, 2004Assignee: CSL LimitedInventors: John Cooper Cox, Bengt John Lennart Ronnberg, Sigrid Elisabet Sjolander
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Patent number: 6780421Abstract: An amphipathic compound including a sterol-derived lipophilic grouping bound to a cationic grouping for use as an adjuvant in the delivery of a vaccine composition. In a particular embodiment, the lipophilic grouping is a cholesterol derivative and the cationic grouping is a quaternary ammonium or a protonatable amine. A vaccine composition including one or more antigens with at least one amphipathic compound having a sterol-derived lipophilic grouping bound to a cationic grouping, is also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: September 9, 1997Date of Patent: August 24, 2004Assignee: Aventis Pasteur SAInventors: Jean Haensler, Emmanuelle Trannoy, Jorge Ronco
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Publication number: 20040039156Abstract: The present invention relates to a fusion polypeptide comprising at least about 10 contiguous amino acid residues of an influenza virus hemagglutinin and at least about 5 contiguous amino acids of a naturally occurring GM-CSF molecule.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 20, 2002Publication date: February 26, 2004Inventors: Andrew Segal, Eli Young
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Publication number: 20030113347Abstract: Described are virosomes comprising cationic lipids, biologically active influenza hemagglutinin protein or biologically active derivatives thereof and nucleic acids encoding antigens from pathogenic sources in their insides, preferably antigens from mumps virus wherein said antigens are derived from conserved external and internal proteins of said virus. Provided are virosomes which may advantageously be formulated as vaccines capable of inducing strong neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses as well as protection to pathogenic sources such as a mumps virus. Furthermore, vaccines comprising recombinant DNA derived from DNA encoding conserved external and internal proteins from mumps virus are described.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 10, 2002Publication date: June 19, 2003Applicant: SCHWEIZ. SERUM- & IMPFINSTITUT BERNInventors: Maria Grazia Cusi, Reinhard Gluck, Ernst Walti
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Patent number: 6572861Abstract: The invention relates to adjuvants that contain a lecithin, an oil and an amphiphilic surfactant and that are capable of forming a stable oil-in-water emulsion vaccine so as to minimize local reactions to the vaccine in the injected animal.Type: GrantFiled: January 24, 2000Date of Patent: June 3, 2003Inventors: David S. Roberts, Leroy A. Swearingin, Don A. Dearwester
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Patent number: 6565852Abstract: Methods and vaccines for inducing an immune response to a tumor associated antigen in a host are provided wherein the vaccine contains either a fusion protein of the tumor associated antigen fused to a truncated form of listeriolysin or a recombinant form of Listeria monocytogenes which grows and spreads and is capable of expressing the tumor associated antigen alone or as a listeriolysin fusion protein. Methods of suppressing formation of tumors and inhibiting growth of tumors in a host via administration of these vaccines are also provided.Type: GrantFiled: March 27, 2000Date of Patent: May 20, 2003Assignee: The Trustees of the University of PennsylvaniaInventor: Yvonne Paterson
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Publication number: 20030082209Abstract: Chimeric human-bovine parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) are infectious and attenuated in humans and other mammals and useful individually or in combination in vaccine formulations for eliciting an anti-PIV immune response. Also provided are isolated polynucleotide molecules and vectors incorporating a chimeric PIV genome or antigenome which includes a partial or complete human or bovine PIV “background” genome or antigenome combined or integrated with one or more heterologous gene(s) or genome segment(s) of a different PIV. Chimeric human-bovine PIV of the invention include a partial or complete “background” PIV genome or antigenome derived from or patterned after a human or bovine PIV virus combined with one or more heterologous gene(s) or genome segment(s) of a different PIV virus to form the human-bovine chimeric PIV genome or antigenome.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 5, 2001Publication date: May 1, 2003Inventors: Mario H. Skiadopoulos, Peter L. Collins, Brian R. Murphy, Alexander C. Schmidt
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Patent number: 6485729Abstract: An anti-influenza vaccine composition wherein the improvement is that the vaccine includes, as an additive, neuraminidase (NA). The base anti-influenza vaccine can be any commercially available anti-influenza vaccine. The composition can include and be administered with an adjuvant. The vaccine composition provides protection in a host, animal or human, against influenza infection, including viral replication and systemic infection. Oral, nasal or other mucosal or per needle administration, including intracutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intravascular, and intravenous, are included.Type: GrantFiled: August 11, 1999Date of Patent: November 26, 2002Assignee: Protein Sciences CorporationInventors: Gail Eugene Smith, James T. Matthews, Edwin D. Kilbourne, Bert E. Johansson, Bethanie E. Wilkinson, Andrei I. Voznesensky, Craig S. Hackett, Franklin Volvovitz
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Patent number: 6403363Abstract: A method for preventing or reducing bacterial contamination of a viral vaccine is disclosed. The method comprises adding an effective preserving amount of a polybiguanide-containing preservative composition to a solution containing vaccine virus or virus antigen. The method is particularly useful in preventing or reducing bacterial contamination of process solutions involved in the manufacture of influenza vaccines.Type: GrantFiled: July 12, 2001Date of Patent: June 11, 2002Assignee: Medeva Europe LimitedInventors: Michelle Irene Gregarach Lawrence, Declan Greally
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Patent number: 6387373Abstract: The present invention features an adjuvanted vaccine, and methods for preparing an adjuvanted vaccine, preferably for immunizing against influenza, where the adjuvant is a lipid vesicle, and preferably is a nonphospholipid, paucilamellar lipid vesicle. The antigen may be encapsulated in the central cavity of the adjuvant, or mixed in solution with the adjuvant. Moreover, the adjuvant may carry a secondary adjuvant to further improve the immune response.Type: GrantFiled: April 24, 1997Date of Patent: May 14, 2002Assignee: Novavax, Inc.Inventors: D. Craig Wright, Donald F. H. Wallach
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Patent number: 6372223Abstract: This invention describes an influenza virus vaccine containing an influenza virus antigen obtained from a cell culture, with an influenza virus antigen content between 1 &mgr;g and 5 &mgr;g per dose and aluminum as an adjuvant as well as a method for its preparation.Type: GrantFiled: June 12, 2001Date of Patent: April 16, 2002Assignee: Baxter AktiengesellschaftInventors: Otfried Kistner, Noel Barrett, Wolfgang Mundt, Friedrich Dorner
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Patent number: 6183772Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising colorimetric assay liposomes. The present invention also provides methods for producing colorimetric liposomes and calorimetric liposome assay systems. In preferred embodiments, these calorimetric liposome systems provide high levels of sensitivity through the use of dopant molecules. As these dopants allow the controlled destabilization of the liposome structure, upon exposure of the doped liposomes to analyte(s) of interest, the indicator color change is facilitated and more easily recognized.Type: GrantFiled: March 1, 1996Date of Patent: February 6, 2001Assignee: The Reagents of the University of CaliforniaInventors: Deborah Charych, Raymond C. Stevens