Abstract: A method and composition for treating a patient suffering from an excessive glandular secretion includes administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a botulinum toxin type A, B, C, D, E, F and/or G.

Abstract: A method of targeting therapeutic molecules to motor neurons is disclosed. In one embodiment, this method comprises the steps of (a) synthesizing a prodrug comprising a therapeutic molecule covalently bound to a polymeric delivery vehicle, and (b) conjugating the prodrug to a botulinum neurotoxin heavy chain.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for treatment of pain, the method comprising administering to the intrinsic spinal muscles of a mammal an amount of an agent sufficient to paralyze said muscles.

Abstract: Methods for treating animals, such as mammals and birds with a botulinum toxin comprising administering at least one serotype of a botulinum toxin to the animal. The botulinum toxin can be administered in a composition having a polysaccharide that stabilizes the botulinum toxin. The compositions administered to the animals have reduced immunogenicity, and are preferably non-immunogenic and/or have a reduced toxicity. The methods may also be practiced with recombinant, or species-specific, serum albumins.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed for the treatment of acute, chronic and/or neuropathic pain. The pharmaceutical compositions are comprised of a therapeutically effective combination of a nicotine receptor partial agonist and an analgesic agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The analgesic agent is selected from opioid analgesics, NMDA antagonists, substance P antagonists, COX 1 and COX 2 inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), capsaicin receptor agonists, anesthetic agents, benzodiazepines, skeletal muscle relaxants, migraine therapeutic agents, anti-convulsants, anti-hypertensives, anti-arrythmics, antihistamines, steroids, caffeine, and botulinum toxin. The method of using these compounds and a method of treating acute, chronic and/or neuropathic pain and migraine in a mammal including a human is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of medical immunology and further to pharmaceutical compositions, methods of making and methods of use of vaccines. More specifically this invention relates to recombinant proteins derived from the genes encoding Clostridium difficile toxin A and toxin B, and their use in an active vaccine against C. difficile.

Abstract: A method for treating hypothyroidism by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to a thyroid, thereby reducing an inhibitory effect upon thyroid hormone secretion. A method for treating hyperthyroidism by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to a sympathetic ganglion which innervates the thyroid, thereby reducing a stimulatory effect upon thyroid hormone secretion. Methods for treating calcium metabolism disorders by local administration of a neurotoxin to modulate calcitonin secretion are also disclosed.

Abstract: Hyperactive glandular conditions are treated using topically formulated botulinum toxin compositions. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, topical botulinum preparations are applied directly to the skin by a patient as needed to suppress his or her hyperhidrosis, bromhidrosis, chromhidrosis, nevus sudoriferous, acne, seborrhiec dermatitis or other glandular condition. In other embodiments, topical botulinum toxins are applied with the aid of mechanical, electrical, and/or chemical transdermal delivery enhancers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the administration of lipid-based vehicles to treat various disorders, including bladder inflammation, infection, dysfunction, and cancer. In various aspects, the compositions and methods of the invention are useful for prolonged delivery of drugs, e.g., antibiotics, pain treatments, and anticancer agents, to the bladder, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal system, pulmonary system, and other organs or body systems. In particular, the present invention relates to liposome-based delivery of vanilloid compounds, such as resiniferatoxin, capsaicin, or tinyatoxin, and toxins, such as botulinum toxin, for the treatment of bladder conditions, including pain, inflammation, incontinence, and voiding dysfunction. Further related are methods of using these vehicles alone or in conjunction with antibodies, e.g., uroplakin antibodies, to improve duration of liposome attachment, and provide a long-term intravesical drug delivery platform.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a therapeutic agent to be administered intramuscularly for suppressing snoring noises a high-purity Clostridium toxin BoNT/A or TeNT or at least one of a high-purity Clostridium toxin BoNT/B, BoNT/C1, BoNT/D, BoNT/E, BoNT/F and BoNT/G is added to a carrier. In an alternative, one or more hybrid proteins as a Clostridium toxin, having a light subunit of a Clostridium toxin of the following group and a heavy subunit of a different Clostridium toxin of the same following group, which group contains BoNT/A, BoNT/B, BoNT/C1, BoNT/D, BoNT/E, BoNT/F, BoNT/G and TeNT, are added to a carrier. According to another alternative, a complex, containing a Clostridium toxin or a hybrid protein, and further containing one or more therapeutically well-tolerated hemagglutinins and/or pharmaceutically well-tolerated non-toxic proteins, is added to a carrier. The carrier can be an aqueous solution, a saline solution, or liposomes.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for generating neutralizing antitoxin directed against clostridial toxins. In particular, the antitoxin directed against these toxins is produced in avian species using soluble recombinant clostridial toxin proteins. This avian antitoxin is designed so as to be orally administrable in therapeutic amounts and may be in any form (i.e., as a solid or in aqueous solution). These antitoxins are useful in the treatment of humans and other animals intoxicated with at least one bacterial toxin.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a composition comprising n Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharides conjugated to the tetanus toxoid and p Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharides conjugated to the diphtheria toxoid, for manufacturing a vaccine which protects against Clostridium tetani and/or Corynebacterium diphtheriae infections in which:

Abstract: A method for treating hypothyroidism by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to a thyroid, thereby reducing an inhibitory effect upon thyroid hormone secretion. A method for treating hyperthyroidism by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to a sympathetic ganglion which innervates the thyroid, thereby reducing a stimulatory effect upon thyroid hormone secretion. Methods for treating calcium metabolism disorders by local administration of a neurotoxin to modulate calcitonin secretion are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for determining the effect of a Clostridal toxin on muscle are disclosed. In particular, methods for determining a potency and/or diffusion of a toxin based on a nuclear index and/or the extent of muscle atrophy are disclosed.

Abstract: Agents for treating pain, methods for producing the agents and methods for treating pain by administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective amount of the agent. The agent can include a clostridial neurotoxin, or a component or fragment or derivative thereof, attached to a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is selected from a group consisting of transmission compounds which can be released from neurons upon the transmission of pain signals by the neurons, and compounds substantially similar to the transmission compounds.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a patient suffering from a disease, disorder or condition and associated pain include the administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin selected from a group consisting of Botulinum toxin types A, B, C, D, E, F and G.

Abstract: Modified toxins including botulinum toxin or tetanus toxin coupled to polyethylene glycol, pharmaceutical compositions of modified toxins, and methods for their use are provided. The methods include treating inappropriate muscle contraction, and treatments for cosmetic purposes.

Abstract: The infectivity of a population of enveloped viruses which comprise a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein in their membrane can be reduced by employing certain toxins such as aerolysin, alpha toxin of Clostridium septicum, or enterolobin. Toxins which bind to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins inactivate such viruses. The toxins can be used to produce attenuated viral vaccines, to purge blood products, cells, or tissues of such viruses, and to detect viruses in samples.

Abstract: This invention relates to prevention and/or treatment of antibiotic associated diarrhea, including Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD), pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) and other conditions associated with C. difficile infection, using oligosaccharide compositions which bind C. difficile toxin B. More specifically, the invention concerns neutralization of C. difficile toxin B associated with such conditions.

Abstract: Methods for treating a non-spasm caused pain by peripheral administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: A polypeptide has first and second domains which enable the polypeptide to be translocated into a target cell or which increase the solubility of the polypeptide, or both, and further enable the polypeptide to cleave one or more vesicle or plasma-membrane associated proteins essential to exocytosis. The polypeptide thus combines useful properties of a clostridial toxin, such as a botulinum or tetanus toxin, without the toxicity associated with the natural molecule. The polypeptide can also contain a third domain that targets it to a specific cell, rendering the polypeptide useful in inhibition of exocytosis in target cells. Fusion proteins comprising the polypeptide, nucleic acids encoding the polypeptide and methods of making the polypeptide are also provided. Controlled activation of the polypeptide is possible and the polypeptide can be incorporated into vaccines and toxin assays.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a patient suffering from a disease, disorder or condition and associated pain include the administration to the patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin selected from a group consisting of Botulinum toxin types A, B, C, D, E, F and G.

Abstract: Disclosed are diphtheria toxin polypeptides having multiple mutations, which render the polypeptides useful as vaccines.

Abstract: The present invention discloses modified neurotoxins with altered biological persistence. In one embodiment, the modified neurotoxins are derived from Clostridial botulinum toxins. Such modified neurotoxins may be employed in treating various conditions, including but not limited to muscular disorders, hyperhidrosis, and pain.

Abstract: A method for treating hypothyroidism by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to a thyroid, thereby reducing an inhibitory effect upon thyroid hormone secretion. A method for treating hyperthyroidism by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to a sympathetic ganglion which innervates the thyroid, thereby reducing a stimulatory effect upon thyroid hormone secretion. Methods for treating calcium metabolism disorders by local administration of a neurotoxin to modulate calcitonin secretion are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for treating a patient having a wound is described. The method includes administering an amount of a chemodenervating agent such that healing of the wound is enhanced. The method is illustrated by detailing the mean differences of the scores of the paired experimental and control scars across three observers.

Abstract: A hybrid botulinal neurotoxin is disclosed. In one embodiment, the neurotoxin comprises a combination of a botulinal neurotoxin heavy chain and light chain, wherein the light chain and heavy chain are not of the same serotype and wherein the heavy and light chains are linked by a homobifunctional sulfydryl linker. A method for creating hybrid neurotoxins comprised of different functional domains is also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for treating an injured muscle by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to promote healing and/or to reduce the pain associated with an injured muscle.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a method for treating hyperinsulinemic type 2 diabetes by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, into the pancreas, thereby reducing insulin secretion from a B cell, and a method for treating hypoinsulinemic type 2 diabetes by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, into a sympathetic ganglion, thereby reducing an inhibitory effect upon insulin secretion.

Abstract: Methods for treating the hypothyroidism of Hashimoto's thyroiditis by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to the thyroid gland of a patient.

Abstract: The present invention provides proteins for use in vaccines which are capable of inducing protective antibodies directed against C. perfringens epsilon toxin when administered to animals or man and thereby providing prophylaxis or therapy against infection by C. perfringens epsilon toxin. Particularly the present invention provides proteins which are based upon the mature toxin of the clostridium perfringensepsilon toxin gene, but which have a mutation such that the amino acid at position 106 is different to the wild-type sequence and their use in vaccine compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to hepatitis B virus (“HBV”) core antigen particles that are characterized by multiple immunogen specificities. More particularly, the invention relates to HBV core antigen particles comprising immunogens, epitopes, or other related structures, crosslinked thereto by ligands which are HBV capsid-binding peptides that selectively bind to HBV core protein. Such particles may be used as delivery systems for a diverse range of immunogenic epitopes, including the HBV capsid-binding peptides, which advantageously also inhibit and interfere with HBV viral assembly by blocking the interaction between HBV core protein and HBV surface proteins. Mixtures of different immunogens and/or capsid-binding peptide ligands may be crosslinked to the same HBV core particle. Such resulting multicomponent or multivalent HBV core particles may be advantageously used in therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines and compositions, as well as in diagnostic compositions and methods using them.

Abstract: The invention relates to a vaccine formulation for the prevention of Haemophilus Influenzae Type B (Hib) infections and where the antigen is adsorbed onto aluminium phosphate. The invention also relates to a multivalent vaccine, that is a vaccine for the amelioration or treatment of more than one disease states. The present invention also relates to the production and use of such vaccines in medicine.

Abstract: A polypeptide has first and second domains which enable the polypeptide to be translocated into a target cell or which increase the solubility of the polypeptide, or both, and further enable the polypeptide to cleave one or more vesicle or plasma-membrane associated proteins essential to exocytosis. The polypeptide thus combines useful properties of a clostridial toxin, such as a botulinum or tetanus toxin, without the toxicity associated with the natural molecule. The polypeptide can also contain a third domain that targets it to a specific cell, rendering the polypeptide useful in inhibition of exocytosis in target cells. Fusion proteins comprising the polypeptide, nucleic acids encoding the polypeptide and methods of making the polypeptide are also provided. Controlled activation of the polypeptide is possible and the polypeptide can be incorporated into vaccines and toxin assays.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tetanus toxin functional fragment antigen (FFA), comprising at least one fragment which is substantially the same as that obtained by a process comprising the steps of splitting at least one peptide bond selected from peptide bonds individually connecting mutually adjacent amino acid residues in a partial amino acid sequence between two cysteine residues participating in forming a disulfide bridge present in the N-terminal of the entire amino acid sequence of the whole tetanus toxin molecule, splitting the disulfide bridge, and splitting non-covalent bonds between groups on the tetanus toxin molecule; wherein the tetanus toxin FFA has a molecular weight of from 90,000 to 110,000 as measured by an SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method, and an isoelectric point of 7.25±0.5 as measured by an isoelectric focusing method.

Abstract: The invention concerns an immunogenic construct comprising as components (i) an inactive flavivirus or a derivative thereof, and (ii) at least one immunogenic component which is bonded to the flavivirus or adsorbed therewith. The invention further concerns a process for preparing the immunogenic construct and its use as a vaccine.

Abstract: A method for reducing a catecholamine secretion from a cholinergically innervated, functional chromaffin body, such as a paraganglioma or hyperplasic adrenal medulla, by direct, local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: The present invention includes methods for generating neutralizing antitoxin directed against clostridial toxins. In particular, the antitoxin directed against these toxins is produced in avian species using soluble recombinant clostridial toxin proteins. This avian antitoxin is designed so as to be orally administrable in therapeutic amounts and may be in any form (i.e., as a solid or in aqueous solution). These antitoxins are useful in the treatment of humans and other animals intoxicated with at least one bacterial toxin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating neurological-urological conditions. This is accomplished by administration of at least one neurotoxin.

Abstract: Methods for treating the hypothyroidism of Hashimoto's thyroiditis by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to the thyroid gland of a patient, thereby reducing an inhibitory effect upon thyroid hormone secretion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for treating neurological-urological conditions. This is accomplished by administration of at least one neurotoxin.

Abstract: A method for reducing a catecholamine secretion from a cholinergically innervated, functional chromaffin body, such as a paraganglioma or hyperplasic adrenal medulla, by direct, local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a method for treating hyperinsulinemic type 2 diabetes by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, into the pancreas, thereby reducing insulin secretion from a B cell, and a method for treating hypoinsulinemic type 2 diabetes by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, into a sympathetic ganglion, thereby reducing an inhibitory effect upon insulin secretion.

Abstract: Methods for treating a movement disorder by intracranial administration to a human patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin type A.

Abstract: Methods for treating a movement disorder by intracranial administration to a human patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin type A.

Abstract: A method for treating hypoparathyroidism and/or hypocalcemia by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to a parathyroid gland, thereby reducing an inhibitory effect upon parathyroid hormone secretion. A method for treating hyperparathyroidism and/or hypercalcemia by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to a sympathetic ganglion which innervates a parathyroid hormone secreting parathyroid cell, thereby reducing a stimulatory effect upon parathyroid hormone secretion.

Abstract: A method for treating hypoparathyroidism and/or hypocalcemia by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to a parathyroid gland, thereby reducing an inhibitory effect upon parathyroid hormone secretion. A method for treating hyperparathyroidism and/or hypercalcemia by local administration of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin, to a sympathetic ganglion which innervates a parathyroid hormone secreting parathyroid cell, thereby reducing a stimulatory effect upon parathyroid hormone secretion.

Abstract: Methods for treating a movement disorder by intracranial administration to a human patient of a therapeutically effective amount of a neurotoxin, such as a botulinum toxin type A.

Abstract: A method for producing a conjugate vaccine includes mixing a uronium salt reagent with a first moiety (e.g., a polysaccharide). According to the invention, the uronium salt reagent has a chemical structure corresponding to formula I: wherein R1 is defined as wherein R6 represents the carbon, hydrogen, and optionally one or more heteroatoms which, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, constitute a 5 to 10 membered heterocyclic ring, which may be substituted or unsubstituted. R2, R3, R4, and R5, each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Alternatively, R2 and R3, when taken together, can represent the carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen, or oxygen atoms necessary to complete a 5 to 7 membered heterocyclic ring with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached.

Abstract: Methods for developing vaccines to protect from neurotoxins of C. botulinum have been developed. Truncated BoNT/A proteins of about 15-30 kDa in size produced immune responses that provided protection from neuronal damage by botulinum neurotoxins.