Abstract: Uric acid in mammalian subjects is reduced and excretion of uric acid is increased by administering a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In Formula I m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; n is 0 or 1; m+n is not more than 4; t is 0 or 1; q is 0 or 1; and r is 0, 1 or 2. R6 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and R12 is hydrogen or methyl, or R6 is hydroxy and R12 is hydrogen, or R6 is O and R12 is absent, or R6 and R12 together are —CH2CH2—. R7 is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. One of R8 and R9 is alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and the other is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. R10 is hydrogen, halo, alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms or alkoxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. X is C(O) and r is 0 and t is 0; or X is NH(R11) wherein R11 is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the use of peracid compositions having low to substantially no hydrogen peroxide for various water treatments, including oil- and gas-field operations, and/or other aseptic treatments are disclosed. In numerous aspects, peracetic acid is the preferred peracid and is treated with a peroxide-reducing agent to substantially reduce the hydrogen peroxide content.

Abstract: A transgenic fly whose genome is modified to express enhanced levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) gene is provided. The fly displays phenotypes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Further, a method for diagnosing AD is provided, which includes assessing enzymatic activities in mitochondrial enzymes. Glutathione pathway are investigated by creating Alzheimer's model Drosophila with over-expression of the GCLc gene, inducing redox stress through sleep deprivation, and analyzing mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) using colorimetric enzymatic assays. For prevention of AD, it is proposed that the epigenetic approaches be used to increase glutathione levels in vivo before the onset of AD. For treatment of AD, it is proposed that the glutathione levels be increased by GCLc modulation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an enzymatically active composition for suppressing sulfide generation. The composition is free from sulfur dehydrogenase and comprises at least one enzyme having sufficient sulfide-production inhibiting activity in an acidic medium to at least inhibit biogenic sulfide production, and an oxidized nitrogenous inorganic salt present in an amount sufficient to act as an electron acceptor for the enzyme. The oxidized nitrogenous inorganic salt preferably is selected from an alkali metal nitrite, an alkaline earth metal nitrite, an alkali metal nitrate, an alkaline earth metal nitrate, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing salts. The enzymatically active composition is free from viable bacteria and is non-toxic (i.e., has an oral LD50 in rats greater than 1000 mg/Kg of body weight at a concentration of about 25,000 parts per million (ppm) in water).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include methods for the treatment, prevention, or amelioration of vascular disease in diabetic patients. The methods include both implantation of a stent including a first drug. Some embodiments include additional therapy, such as the co-administration of another drug. Some embodiments involve different stent selection for a diabetic patient compared to a non-diabetic patient.

Abstract: 5-D-fructose dehydrogenase, optionally in combination with invertase and/or maltase and/or glucose isomerase, may be used to treat fructose intolerance. Other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: Site-specific modifications of proteins at their N-termini are provided. In particular, a chemical modification of proteins at their N-termini via a transamination reaction to form homogeneous adducts such as, the corresponding oxime derivatives is provided. Methods of making and using the adducts in radio-labelling, molecular imaging applications, and treatment of disorders such as cancer, Crohn's disease, arthritis, atherothrombosis and plaque rupture are also provided.

Abstract: Compositions comprising Glutathione Reductase (GSSG-r) and Oxidized Glutathione (GSSG) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for pharmaceutical use as antiviral and antibacterial agents and for the protection against the toxicity of free radicals and in particular radicals produced by the radiolysis of cellular water are provided. Methods of making and using such compositions are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide methods for using compositions to inhibit microbial growth on a surface of a medical device having the composition applied thereto, to medical devices having the composition applied to a surface thereof and to methods for using the compositions to coat medical devices.

Abstract: The invention provides topical compositions and methods for using the compositions. The compositions can be used for the treatment of fibrotic or connective tissue disorders involving scarring, sub-dermal plaque accumulations, or fibrosis of muscle tissue. The disorders can be painlessly treated by the topical application of a composition described herein. One or more calcium channel blocker agents can serve as an active ingredient of the compositions, optionally in combination with, for example, one or more of emu oil and superoxide dismutase. The composition can further include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that can facilitate the non-invasive transdermal delivery of the active(s) to subdermal sites.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods for decreasing the viscosity and/or cohesiveness of and/or increasing the liquefaction of excessively or abnormally viscous or cohesive mucus or sputum. The composition contains a protein or peptide containing a thioredoxin active-site in reduced state and optionally further contains a reducing system.

Abstract: Methods for reducing peripheral blood glucose levels, food intake, glucose production, gluconeogenesis, triglyceride levels, and low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels in mammals are provided. Also provided are methods of increasing glucose production and food intake in mammals. Further provided are methods of treating a disorder selected from the group consisting of obesity, type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, leptin resistance, metabolic syndrome, heart failure, ischemia, coronary heart disease, familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency, hypopituitarism, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyper-VLDLemia, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and any combination of the foregoing. The methods involve manipulations of amino acid presence or metabolism in the hypothalamus of the mammal.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds useful in the modulation of blood uric acid levels, formulations containing them and methods of using them. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein are used in the treatment or prevention of disorders related to aberrant levels of uric acid.

Abstract: Methods, processes, uses, and pharmaceutical compositions are provided herein for mobilizing hematopoietic progenitor cells and/or cancer stem cells from bone marrow into peripheral blood, comprising the administration of an effective amount of an inhibitor of GTPases, such as a Cdc-42 specific inhibitor alone or in combination with one or more additional agents. Specifically, methods are disclosed for mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood. In particular, embodiments of the method involve specific inhibition of the Cdc42 GTPase to increase the numbers of hematopoietic stem cells into a subject's peripheral blood of a subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to specially selected catalase enzymes and their use in reducing hydrogen peroxide in applications, and particularly in aseptic packaging applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides for novel sustained release silk-based delivery systems. The invention further provides methods for producing such formulations. In general, a silk fibroin solution is combined with a therapeutic agent to form a silk fibroin article. The article is then treated in such a way as to alter its conformation. The change in conformation increases its crystallinity or liquid crystallinity, thus controlling the release of a therapeutic agent from the formulation. This can be accomplished as single material carriers or in a layer-by-layer fashion to load different therapeutic agents or different concentrations of these agents in each layer.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a perorally applicable preparation of vegetable origin, resistant to pepsin and trypsin, based on histaminase, optionally for the use as an agent for improving digestion, reducing appetite or reducing body weight. The preparation of the invention is a pressed juice—which is optionally in lyophilized form—obtained from seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris), chick pea (Cicer arietinum), grass pea (Latirus sativus), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) or field bean (Vicia faba) or—from a mixture of seedlings of the above mentioned plants—which contains histaminase, catalase and protease inhibitor. The subject as well of the invention is the production of the above preparation.

Abstract: The instant invention provides methods for treating a solid tumor in a subject comprising modulating nitric oxide production in the tumor to normalize tumor vasculature and administering an anti-tumor therapy to the subject. The invention further provides methods of treating a solid tumor in a subject comprising selectively increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) or cGMP dependent protein kinase G production in the tumor vasculature to an amount effective to normalize tumor vasculature and administering an anti-tumor therapy to the subject.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising an enzyme selected from the group comprising superoxide dismutase (SOD) and SOD mimics and the like, in association with lutein and at least one stereoisomer of zeaxanthin; the invention also includes a kit of parts comprising such composition, wherein the kit comprises a first part comprising the enzyme, and a second part comprising lutein and at least one zeaxanthin isomer; according to the invention, the composition or the kit of part may be included in a functional food, a nutraceutical composition or a food or dietary supplement, a medicament or a pharmaceutical composition, or a veterinarian product; the invention also relates to a composition for use in treating, preventing or stabilizing a disease, condition or disorder of the eye associated to oxidative stress, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a medicament or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating central nervous system diseases and disorders are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of treating and evaluating subjects having neoactive mutants of IDH (e.g., IDH1 or IDH2).

Abstract: The invention describes novel pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of virus infections and cancer. The pharmaceutical compositions include mutant oligoadenylate synthetases (OAS) that have either enhanced cell permeability, reduced oxidative potential, improved antiviral activity, improved enzymatic activity, or absent enzymatic activity. The pharmaceutical compositions have improved drug properties and retain or have enhanced antiviral activity relative to their native forms. The pharmaceutical compositions further include chemically modified oligoadenylate synthetases, such chemical modifications being designed to increase serum stability and reduce immunogenicity in vivo. Such chemical modifications further increase drug stability and manufacturability in vitro. Compositions composed of more than ninety novel modifications are described. Also described are antibodies to polypeptides of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention comprises methods and compositions for the reduction of oxalate in humans, animals and plants. For example, the invention provides methods and compositions for the delivery of one ore more oxalate-reducing enzymes to the intestinal tracts of persons and animals. The methods and compositions can be used in treating and preventing oxalate-related conditions.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed to improved adhesion of polymer coatings over polymer surfaces of stents which include plasma treatment, applying an adhesion promoting layer, surface treatments with solvents, and mechanical roughening techniques.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods for inhibiting viral infection of a host cell. The methods comprise contacting the the host cell with an effective amount of one or more polypeptides having a disintegrin domain. The polypeptide can be CN, VCN or modified ADAM-derived polypeptide (MAP), or a fusion protein comprising a CN, VCN or MAP.

Abstract: A novel composition is disclosed to provide stable kojic acid in a cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable medium using a synergistic combination of a sulphur dioxide releasing agent such as sodium metabisulphite and one or more catalases, catalase mimetics, superoxide dismutases, and superoxide dismutase mimetics.

Abstract: This invention provides methods of isolating ferritin from plant and animal material. The isolated ferritin can be administered to humans or animals in need of iron, and can be used to treat or supplement iron deficiency. The isolated ferritin can be used in industrial applications, such as increasing the iron content in heat-processed food or beverages. The methods of the invention also include quantitation of iron derived from plant or animal ferritin.

Abstract: Systems and methods for magnetic targeting of therapeutic particles are provided. Therapeutic particles comprise one or more magnetic or magnetizable materials and at least one therapeutic agent. Therapeutic particles are specifically targeted using uniform magnetic fields capable of magnetizing magnetizable materials, and can be targeted to particular locations in the body, or can be targeted for capture, containment, and removal. Therapeutic particles can comprise antioxidant enzymes, and can be targeted to cells to protect the cells from oxidative damage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to genetically modified proteins with uricolytic activity. More specifically, the invention relates to proteins comprising truncated urate oxidases and methods for producing them, including PEGylated proteins comprising truncated urate oxidases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to five-layered pigments based on multicoated platelet-shaped substrates which comprise a layer sequence comprising (A) a layer of SnO2 having a layer thickness of 0.1-50 nm, (B) a high-refractive-index coating consisting of TiO2 in the rutile modification having a layer thickness of 10-800 nm, (C) a colorless coating having a refractive index n?1.8 having a layer thickness of 20-800 nm, (D) a high-refractive-index coating consisting of SnO2 having a layer thickness of 0.1-50 nm, (E) a layer of TiO2 in the rutile modification having a layer thickness of 10-800 nm, and optionally (F) an outer protective layer, and to the use thereof in paints, coatings, powder coatings, printing inks, security printing inks, plastics, ceramic materials, glasses, as dopants for the laser marking of papers and plastics, in cosmetic formulations and for the preparation of pigment preparations and dry preparations.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides variant superoxide dismutase polypeptides, compositions comprising the polypeptides, and nucleic acids comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the polypeptides. The present disclosure provides methods of reducing oxidative damage in a cell, tissue, or organ. The present disclosure provides methods of identifying agents that increase superoxide dismutase activity.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of treating cancer, especially breast cancer, and in particular HER2/ErbB2 positive breast cancer using a FoxM1 inhibitor in conjunction with trastuzumab and/or paclitaxel. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a FoxM1 inhibitor in the presence of trastuzumab and/or paclitaxel are also provided. The invention further provides methods of identifying and treating trastuzumab resistant and/or paclitaxel resistant cancer. Also provided are methods of promoting breast tumor cell differentiation.

Abstract: Heteroplasmy mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers and haplotypes of susceptibility or predisposition to atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease (CHD) and subdiagnosis of atherosclerosis and CHD and related medical conditions are disclosed. The biomarkers may be selected from the following heteroplasmy makers: 652lns/del G; A1555G; C3256T; T3336C; G12315A; G13513A; G14459A; G14846A; G15059A. Methods and kits for diagnosis, subdiagnosis, and prediction of clinical course and efficacy of treatments for CHD, atherosclerosis and related phenotypes using heteroplasmy in the risk genes and loci and other related biomarkers are thus provided. Novel methods for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, CHD and related conditions based on the disclosed CHD genes, loci, polypeptides and related pathways are also provided.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a process for conveniently and efficiently producing high purity thioredoxin from yeast. In the production of thioredoxin using yeast, thioredoxin is produced through the following steps (i) to (iii): (1) culturing the yeast; (2) stressing the yeast obtained in step (1) to cause a release of thioredoxin from a cell of the yeast; and (3) collecting the thioredoxin released from the yeast cell.

Abstract: The subject invention relates in one aspect to an oxalate degrading composition, which includes at least one oxalate degrading enzyme. The composition includes an enriched insoluble component of fungal biosample, and the composition is effective to degrade oxalate at a pH of 1.9 or higher. The composition is protected from protease degradation such as pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin. The composition is capable of withstanding the conditions of the stomach, small intestines, and/or large intestines of a subject.

Abstract: The present invention comprises methods and compositions for the reduction of oxalate in humans, and methods for the purification and isolation of recombinant oxalate reducing enzyme proteins. The invention provides methods and compositions for the delivery of oxalate-reducing enzymes in particle compositions. The compositions of the present invention are suitable in methods of treatment or prevention of oxalate-related conditions.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for detoxifying nitrobenzodiazepines with nitroreductase mutants.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for treating vitiligo and promoting the formation of collagen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fusion proteins of monoamine oxidase B (MAO B)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and utilizes “shield effect” to detect the dopamine under physiological condition, providing the reagent and method for dopamine detection.

Abstract: A method for assisting an anti-cancer drug comprising administrating an effective amount of Antrodia camphorata fermentation solution to improve life quality of patient suffering from cancers after chemotherapy is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel enzymatic agent effective in reducing acetaldehyde in the oral cavity. It has been found that an aldehyde dehydrogenase derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Saccharomyces and a threonine aldolase derived from Escherichia coli are effective in reducing low concentrations of acetaldehyde. Therefore, an agent for reducing acetaldehyde in the oral cavity is provided, which contains these enzymes as active ingredients.

Abstract: The present invention elates to the applications of neuregulin in the preparation of drugs for preventing, treating or delaying the ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mammals, particularly in humans. In particular, the present invention provides the neuregulin based compositions and methods for preventing, treating or delaying the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Specifically, although it has been shown in cytological experiments, animal studies and clinical trials that neuregulin can improve the cytoskeleton structure of myocytes and cardiac function, it is still unknown whether neuregulin has effects on the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Abstract: Described are methods of treating and preventing conditions associated with a loss of elastic fibers. Also provided herein are methods of screening for agents useful in treating such conditions, and animal models of conditions associated with a loss of elastic fibers.

Abstract: Metallo-proteins including but not limited to lactoferrin (LF), transferrin (TF) and ovotransferrin (OTF) (all members of transferrin family), ceruloplasmin (CP) and metallo-thionein (MT) were found to stabilize and enhance the bio-functional activity of tocotrienol (T3), T3 mixtures or derivates. The synergism between MP and T3 also promote the intestinal transfer and the ultimate bio-availability of T3 and T3-derivatives for physiological functions. Such functional synergism includes hypocholesterolemic, anti-thrombotic, antioxidant, anti-athermogenic, anti-inflammatory and immuno-regulatory activities of T3 agents. Addition of a non-protein-type metal chelator provided further improvement in the action of the bio-functional activity of T3. These T3 compositions are useful as pharmaceuticals, in cosmetics, in foods and as nutritional supplements.

Abstract: A composition and method of providing nitric oxide and nitrite therapy to patients whereby a therapeutic amount is bioavailable within approximately 30 minutes of administration. In embodiments of the invention, nitric oxide is produced in the oral cavity.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide a reducing agent effective for color development of meat and uses therefor. The present invention provides a reducing agent containing a heme reductase derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus Bacillus. Preferably, crushed bacterial cells of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus natto, Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bacillus mycoides are used.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a medical assembly comprising a surgical barrier aspect comprising polylactic acid, and a hydrophilic mucoadhesive aspect, wherein the surgical barrier aspect is provided on a first side of the assembly and the mucoadhesive aspect is provided on a second side of the assembly. The disclosure also relates to a medical assembly comprising a surgical barrier aspect, a short term mucoadhesive aspect, an intermediate term protein polymerization adhesive aspect, and a long term tissue ingrowth implant localization aspect. The aforementioned medical assemblies may be provided as layered sheet structures. Also provided are methods for preparing a medical assembly.

Abstract: Compositions comprising honey, myrhh, and Nigella Sativa seeds are described. The honey:myrrh:N. sativa seed ratio can be 100:0.5-50:0.1-10, based on weight. The compositions can also comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable diluents and/or excipients. Also described herein are methods for treating a wound comprising administering to the wound an effective amount of the present composition. The wound can be a bed sore or a diabetic ulcer. The wound can also be infected.

Abstract: The present application relates generally to oral pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment of human canities.

Abstract: Nano-constructs comprising nanoshells and methods of using the nano-constructs for treating or ameliorating a medical condition are provided.