Abstract: A multivesicular liposome composition containing at least one acid other than a hydrohalic acid and at least one biologically active substance, the vesicles having defined size distribution, adjustable average size, internal chamber size and number, provides a controlled release rate of the biologically active substance from the composition. A process for making the composition features addition of a non-hydrohalic acid effective to sustain and control the rate of release of an encapsulated biologically active substance from the vesicles at therapeutic levels in vivo.

Abstract: A pesticidal composition comprising particles of biological pesticides and particles of durable TiO.sub.2 in an amount sufficient to substantially coat the particles of biological pesticides and process for the preparation thereof are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel alkoxyacrylic thiol esters, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use as fungicides, and to novel intermediates and to a plurality of processes for their preparation.

Abstract: A solid, water-soluble complex comprising:a) a water-miscible polysiloxane of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is from 2 to 6; a is from 8 to 25; and b is from 0 to 25; and the oxyalkylene groups may be random or block mixtures; y is from 0 to 5; x is from 1 to 5; and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1- C.sub.4 alkyl, and a C.sub.1- C.sub.4, alkyl ester; or ##STR2## wherein A is a linear or branched alkyl having 6 to 30 carbon atoms; G is a glycol moiety of the formula --R' (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2) .sub.m OR" wherein R' is a divalent alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms; R" is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1- C.sub.4 alkyl, and a C.sub.1- C.sub.4 alkyl ester; m is 8 to 100; y is 0 to 5; X is 0.1 to 2.5; and z is 0.1 to 5.0; andb) a complex-forming agent of the formula: ##STR3## wherein X is O, S, Sc, or Te. These complexes are useful useful as adjuvants for dry agricultural chemicals such as pesticides and/or fertilizers.

Abstract: The direct introduction or injection of peroxy compounds into a transpiration layer in a plant structure found inside the protective layer, bark or husk of a growing plant is described as an effective method in treating plant disease and can achieve levels of protection unavailable in the simple application of the materials to the leaf, stem, root or plant environment including air or soil.

Abstract: A pesticide and a method of using the pesticide to kill invertebrates, especially insects, arachnids and larvae. The method is to prepare a mixture of a carrier with the pesticide and apply the mixture to the insects, arachnids and larvae and their habitat. The pesticide is a neurotransmitter affector utilizing octopamine receptor sites in the insects, arachnids and larvae. The affector agent is a chemical having a six membered carbon ring having substituted thereon at least one oxygenated functional group. The affector agent is a chemical component of a plant essential oil and is naturally occurring. Deposition of the chemicals of the present invention on a surface provides residual toxicity for up to 30 days. Various carriers for the affector agent are disclosed. The chemicals of the present invention deter feeding of insects, arachnids and larvae and also retard growth of the larvae of the insects and arachnids.

Abstract: Process for controlling myiasis in cattle and sheep livestock and compositions for carrying out this process.Composition for topical or parenteral use for controlling myiasis in cattle and sheep, with an effective larvicidal amount of a compound of formula I, in particular Fipronil.

Abstract: Method for improving the fruit yields from banana plants, characterized in that an effective and non-phytotoxic dose of a compound A, chosen from:salts of a monoalkyl phosphonate and of a mono-, di- or trivalent metal cation, such as fosetyl-Al, orphosphorous acid and its alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts,is applied on the banana plants.

Abstract: A method and device are disclosed which preventing the decay and deterioration of wooden objects caused by pests by using a controlled release device. This controlled release device utilizes polymers which incorporate pesticides. In the disclosed method, the controlled release device is placed in contact with the wood of the wooden object. The pesticide is gradually released from the device and absorbed into the wood structure. The pesticide absorbed by the wood creates a barrier or an exclusion zone to penetration by inserts. The controlled release device maintains a minimal effective level of pesticide in the barrier or exclusion zone for a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pesticidal formulation having systemic activity and intended for application to a stem of a plant, which includes the compound methamidophos as an active ingredient, a suitable solvent for the active ingredient, and a colorant selected to impart an identifiable coloration to the formulation for a predetermined period of time related to the duration of the residual activity of the active ingredient. The solvent is preferably a non-volatile organic solvent selected for its low phytotoxicity and its low toxicity for humans, such as an aryl ethoxylate or a polyhydric alcohol. The colorant is preferably selected on the basis of its water solubility, having a limited solubility in water to be eluted gradually from the formulation over a period of time selected to coincide with the duration of the residual activity of the active ingredient. The formulation advantageously also includes an ingredient capable of screening ultra violet rays of the sun.

Abstract: Oligomeric fluoroalkylsiloxanes corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein x is 0 to 3, y is 0, 1, or 2; z is 0 or 1; x+y>0, and R has the formula --C.sub.a H.sub.2a --O.sub.b --C.sub.d H.sub.2c --C.sub.d F.sub.2d+1 in which a is 2-4, b is 0 or 1, c is 0-8 and d is 4-12, and compositions thereof with an oil, are useful as spreading agents and in agricultural applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pesticidal formulation having systemic activity and intended for application to a stem of a plant, which includes the compound methamidophos as an active ingredient, a suitable solvent for the active ingredient, and a colorant selected to impart an identifiable coloration to the formulation for a predeterminable period of time related to the duration of the residual activity of the active ingredient. The solvent is preferably a non-volatile organic solvent selected for its low phytotoxicity and its low toxicity for humans, such as an aryl ethoxylate or a polyhydric alcohol. The colorant is preferably selected on the basis of its water solubility, having a limited solubility in water to be eluted gradually from the formulation over a period of time selected to coincide with the duration of the residual activity of the active ingredient. The formulation advantageously also includes an ingredient capable of screening ultra violet rays of the sun.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel alkylpolysaccharide dertivatives including their salts and compositions comprising said alkyl polysaccharides. The alkyl polysaccharide derivatives are of the formula (I): R.sup.1 --(OG).sub.n (X).sub.m, where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a hydrophobic moiety; G is a saccahride residue; and X is a succinic anhydride residue; and n and m are independently chosen from an average value which is between 1 and 200.

Abstract: A method of controlling soil borne pests and pathogens, e.g., nematodes in which a predisposition material is incorporated in the soil which predisposes the pests or pathogens by weakening their resistance to attack by soil microbes. The predisposing material may be a lignosulfonate or other organic material which penetrates the cuticle of the pests or pathogens and renders them more amenable to attack by soil microbes. Preferably the predisposition material is accompanied by nutrient material such as a sugar, which may be a natural accompaniment of the predisposition material as in the case with lignosulfonates and/or which may be added. Preferably also the predisposition material is accompanied by macronutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus macronutrients, also micronutrients and vitamin/co-factor.

Abstract: New A83543 components, including fermentation products A83543K, A83543O, A83543P, A83543U, A83543V, A83543W and A83543Y and N-demethyl derivatives, and salts thereof, are useful for the control of insects and mites. The pseudoaglycones of the new A83543 components are useful for the preparation of A83543 components. Methods are provided for making the new A83543 components by culturing of Saccharopolyspora spinosa NRRL 18395, NRRL 18537, NRRL 18538, or NRRL 18539, or NRRL 18743 or NRRL 18719 or NRRL 18823 in suitable culture medium. Insecticidal and ectoparasiticidal compositions containing new A83543 components are also provided.

Abstract: Pesticide-poor concentrates of active components of plants are obtained in that in a first step plants or parts thereof, which may be charged in fresh or dried state, are extracted with at least one polar solvent at a measured pH-value in the range from 3.2 to 9.8 in such a way, that in the obtained primary extract are contained mainly the desired plant components, accompanied by undesired plant components, accompanying substances and pesticides, in a second step said primary extract is contacted with adsorber resin(s) in such a way, that on one hand the desired plant components are adsorbed thereon, and on the other hand the solution with the undesired plant components, the accompanying substances and pesticides are separated from the charged resin, in a third step the desired plant components are desorbed from said resin with at least one solvent, and in a fourth step the solvent(s) is (are) removed either partially or completely, and by this way a concentrate of active components is obtained.

Abstract: This invention relates to a stable pesticidal microemulsion formulation comprising from about 0.01 to about 25% by weight of an insect growth regulator, for example methoprene, S-methoprene, hydroprene and/or S-hydroprene, and from about 0.1 to about 5.0% by weight of an active ingredient, for example pyrethroids or permethrins, and from about 3 to 50% by weight of one or more surfactants with a hydrophile-lipophile balance value of 6 or higher, and from about 25 to 98% by weight of water wherein the insect growth regulator and active ingredient are dispersed in the surfactant(s) forming an oil phase which is in turn dispersed in water and forms discrete micelles in the range of about 0.001 to about 0.5 micrometers. This invention also teaches a method of applying the stable pesticidal microemulsion on animals to control ticks and fleas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mutant of Bacillus thuringiensis which produces a larger amount of crystal delta-endotoxin with a greater pesticidal activity as compared to the corresponding parental strain. The mutant may also have a larger crystal size as compared to the corresponding parental strain. The crystal delta-endotoxin produced by the mutant Bacillus thuringiensis will have an activity directed towards the same pest(s) as its parental Bacillus thuringiensis crystal delta-endotoxin. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a mutant, compositions comprising such a mutant as well as methods for controlling a pest(s) using these compositions.

Abstract: Insecticidal compositions, comprising normally-employed insecticides but comprising also an effective activity-enhancing amount of capsaicin or other capsaicinoid, especially in the form of capsicum, exhibit synergistic effects against numerous insects, including especially bud worms, boll worms, cabbage loopers, army worms, beet army worms, and beetles, and are especially effective on cotton, soybeans, common garden vegetables, and flowers, when sprayed on the insect or its habitat, especially as an aqueous solution, suspension, or emulsion. Larger crop stands may be effectively treated by aerial spraying from the usual crop-dusting airplane.

Abstract: Compositions are described for repelling and killing insect pests, such as fire ants and mosquitoes. Methods for controlling insect pests are found useful when applied to surfaces. A method for controlling ants, preferably fire ants, uses compositions containing the secretion from the large wax glands of ticks.

Abstract: Baits for diabroticine beetles are microspherical particles containing a homogeneous mixture of a toxicant for diabroticine beetles and a feeding stimulant in a binder containing a gelatin and a gum. Preferred formulations include carbaryl and buffalo gourd root powder.

Abstract: Combinations of bifenthrin with azadirachtin-containing neem seed extracts are synergistic in controlling acarids, especially pyrethroid-resistant mites, over a wide range of azadirachtin to bifenthrin ratios. The combinations are also used for the control of ectoparasites on animals.

Abstract: A formulation suitable for spraying or for dilution with water to form a sprayable preparation, the formulation comprising an active ingredient, optionally a carrier or solvent for the active ingredient, an emulsifier and an evaporation retardant where the formulation satisfies the following formula ##EQU1## where L is less than or equal to 15, A=700376, B=-1.51, C=0.8472, M.sub.oil is the weighted average relative molar mass of the oil phase M.sub.retardant is the weighted average relative molar mass of the retardant, and X=(M.sub.oil) 1.8/Y, where Y is the molar solubility ratio of the formulation, defined as the minimum number of moles of the oil phase which will dissolve the retardant, divided by the number of moles of retardant, provided that, in the formula above, any solvent which has no liquid phase at 27.degree. C. at atmospheric pressure is extruded. The formulation may include a pesticide or herbicide. The action of the evaporation retardant is improved.

Abstract: Novel insecticide compositions prepared from neem seeds are disclosed. Two distinct neem derived insecticides obtained non-polar, hydrophobic solvent neem seed extracts which are substantially free of azadirachtin, by removing the hydrophobic solvent and cooling the resulting neem oil to separate a semi-solid neem wax fraction and a clarified neem oil fraction.

Abstract: Storage-stable pesticide compositions comprising azadirachtin or an azadirachtin derivative as the active ingredient and an epoxide as the stabilizing agent.

Abstract: A method of controlling the population of a first microorganism at a foliar locus by preferentially enhancing the population of a second microorganism at said locus, comprises applying to the locus an amount of a durable selective habitat enhancer which substantially preferentially potentiates growth of said second microorganism with respect to said first microorganism. The durable selective habitat enhancer preferably comprises a substantially water-insoluble, weather resistant polymeric substrate and a binder which increases the durability of the habitat enhancer. The second microorganism can be endogenous to the foliar locus or exogenously applied. Chitin and cellulose are preferred habitat enhancers.

Abstract: A granular substrate, and method for preparation thereof, is provided for use with herbicide, fungicide, and/or insecticide formulations, the substrate comprising an agglomerated grain dust and/or hulls in combination with a binder, particularly a lignosulfonate binder. The granular substrate can readily disintegrate when wetted or maintain its integrity under wetting conditions.

Abstract: Compounds with acaricidal, insecticidal and anthelmintic activities have the formula: ##STR1## wherein: --X--Y-- is selected from the group consisting of --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --CHOH--, --CH.dbd.CH--, and --CH.sub.2 --C(.dbd.O)--;R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a sec-butyl group and groups of formula --C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CHR.sup.5 in which R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of a methyl group, an ethyl group and an isopropyl group;R.sup.2 represents a group of formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --C(R.sup.6).dbd.C(R.sup.7)(R.sup.8) in which n is 0, 1 or 2, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 each is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom and a methyl group and R.sup.8 is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, a phenyl group and a phenyl group substituted with at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, methyl and nitro substituents;R.sup.

Abstract: A particulate carrier for airborne suspensions of an active agent. The carrier is formed in situ by contacting a spray containing ammonia, a monoalkylamine or dialkylamine with a spray containing acetic acid and/or sulfur dioxide.

Abstract: The invention comprises compositions in solid form of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer with an effective amount of bioactive agent, a protein/carbohydrate-lipid source, 0 to 20% of an edible oil and optionally an attractant, dye, preservative, adversive agent and biomarker and the use, thereof, to control pests.

Abstract: A gustatory stimulant composition for beetles of the sub-family Galerucinae comprising a dried and powdered Cucurbitaceae plant material, a lubricant, and an adherent, and a method of making the composition are disclosed. Methods for enhancing the effectiveness of an adulticide used against galerucinid beetles, for controlling a beetle population, and for stimulating the feeding of a beetle population with the composition of this invention are also disclosed.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns the use of a novel and useful bioinsecticide against the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus). The lesser mealworm is a devastating pest in the poultry industry. The bioinsecticide of the subject invention is a novel B. thuringiensis microbe referred to as B.t. PS40D1, or mutants thereof. The spores or toxin crystals of this microbe are useful to control the lesser mealworm in various environments.

Abstract: A convenient, economical, non-toxic and effective method and means for the control of roaches by administration of entomopathogenic fungi to the cockroaches. In the preferred embodiment, the roaches are exposed to the fungi by means of a contamination chamber having openings through which the cockroaches enter and come in contact with a living culture of a fungus which is pathogenic to cockroaches. The fungal spores attach to the roach, germinate and penetrate into the body of the cockroach, resulting in the death of the infected roach. Death takes approximately two to three weeks after contact with the culture. During this time, the infected roach disseminates spores of the pathogenic fungus throughout the infested areas which may subsequently infect other roaches. Given the proper environmental conditions, the fungus sporulates on the cadaver of the roach and the conidia can be transmitted to other cockroaches, resulting in a further spread of the disease.

Abstract: A method for control and extermination of insects, including roaches, flying insects such as the housefly, and other insects such as the adult form of the corn rootworm by infection of the insects with a fungus that can be pathogenic when administered to the insects in a sufficiently high concentration, by means of an infection chamber. The chamber maintains the spores of a fungus pathogenic to the insects in a viable form, protecting the fungi from the environment (including rain, ultraviolet light and the wind), serves as an attractant for the insects, and serves to inoculate the insects with high numbers of spores. Although the primary means of infection is by external contact, the insects may also be infected by contact with each other and by ingestion of the spores. The two most preferred entomopathogenic fungi are Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, although other fungi can be used which are pathogenic when the insect is inoculated via the infection chamber.

Abstract: A termites trail-marking pheromone which is (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodecatrienol, and a composition which comprises (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodecatrienol as an essential component and another component which is a trail-marking pheromone-like substance, and a method of detecting termites by using this composition or (3Z,6Z,8E)-dodecatrienol.The trail-marking pheromone and composition are highly safe in that they have no residual toxicity, and they have a stable, long-term trail-marking effect for termites. This invention provides a simple and rapid method of detecting termites, and a simple and effective method of capturing termites.

Abstract: A method of controlling crop pests and parasites is provided. The method includes the step of treating a crop with a sufficient quantity of Arkansas Fungus 18-A so as to control the pests. A substantially pure culture of Arkansas Fungus 18-a is also provided.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a novel and useful insecticide with activity against insect pests of the order Coleoptera. Pests in the order Coleoptera do heavy damage to crops, e.g., corn. The insecticide of the subject invention is a novel B. thuringiensis microbe referred to as B.t. PS40D1, or mutants thereof. The spores or crystals of this microbe are useful to control coleopteran pests in various environments.

Abstract: Tremorgenic mycotoxins produced by fungi in the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Claviceps have been found to have potent insecticidal and growth inhibitory activity against the corn earworm and the fall armyworm. Penitrem A and dihydroxyaflavinine are most effective.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a novel and useful insecticide with activity against insect pests of the order Coleoptera and the order Lepidoptera. Pests in the order Coleoptera do heavy damage to crops, e.g., corn. The insecticide of the subject invention is a novel B. thuringiensis microbe referred to as B.t. MT 104, or mutants thereof. The spores or crystals of this microbe are useful to control coleopteran and lepidopteran pests in various environments.

Abstract: A rodenticide composition of pelletized rodent toxic plant materials such as a Euphorbia lathyrus and methods of rodent control employing pelletized Euphorbia lathyrus.

Abstract: This invention relates to an aqueous gel comprising a specified capped polyether polymer and a surfactant. Preferred capped polyether polymers can be obtained by modifying a conventional polyether polyol with an alpha-olefin epoxide having an average of about 20 to 45 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A pest-controlling composition which comprises:(A) a first compound capable of substantially inhibiting a phosphodiesterase enzyme (PDE) of said pest; and(B) a second compound having pest-dontrolling activity towards said pest, selected from the group consisting of(1) a substantial octopamine agonist toward an octopamine receptor present in said pest;(2) a compound directly and substantially stimulating the enzyme, adenylate cyclase; and(3) a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analogue.

Abstract: A biological delivery system particularly suited for delivery of protein compounds to animals and humans is disclosed. The system uses a producing microbe itself after suitable treatment by chemical and/or physical means. The product being delivered is contained within the treated microbial cell; it is produced intracellularly by a homologous (native) gene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to animal feed preservative compositions containing a binary blend of formic acid and propionic acid, the amount of propionic acid in the blend being from 1-25% w/w of the total blend. Surprisingly, the proposed blend is more effective at controlling salmonella, especially in poultry, than formic acid when used alone.

Abstract: This invention relates to an aqueous gel comprising a specified capped polyether polymer and a surfactant. Preferred capped polyether polymers can be obtained by modifying a conventional polyether polyol with an alpha-olefin epoxide having an average of about 20 to 45 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Extraction of insecticide from plants by means of an organic solvent boiling at a temperature exceeding 100.degree. C. The solvent is formed of an aliphatic acid ester from C.sub.6 to C.sub.30 and preferably from C.sub.8 to C.sub.20.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns pesticides comprising naturally-occurring pesticide-producing microorganisms, and the use thereof. Specifically, naturally-occurring pesticide-producing microorganisms are treated, for example with reagents, such as halogenating reagents, that prolong the activity of the pesticide produced in the cell, when the cell is applied to the environment of target pest(s).

Abstract: The compositions contain biosynthetic pesticidal products originating from microorganisms of the family of Bacillaceae and at least one water-soluble inorganic phosphate.They can be used, if appropriate after dispersion in a liquid, for spraying.

Abstract: In a process of encapsulating water-immiscible material within discrete capsules of polyurea without addition of a second reactant, whereby hydrolysis of an isocyanate monomer to form an amine takes place which in turn reacts with another isocyanate monomer to form polyurea, which comprises the steps(a) providing at room temperature a dispersion of(i) a water-immiscible phase comprising the water-immiscible material to be encapsulated and organic polyisocyanates in(ii) an aqueous phase comprising a solution of water, a surfactant and a protective colloid; and(b) heating and maintaining said dispersion in a temperature range of about 40.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C.

Abstract: Described is the use of homopolymers of (epsilon caprolactone) defined according to the structure: ##STR1## and, optionally, ##STR2## as controlled release materials for physiological or psychological diagnostic compositions, pheremones, insect repellent compositions, animal repellent compositions, and/or aroma augmenting or enhancing media for use in perfume compositions or perfumed articles or colognes; wherein n represents an integer of from about 500 up to about 1,200 with the proviso that the average "n" varies from about 600 up to about 800. Also described are mixtures of such homopolymers with other polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, mixtures of polyethylene and polyvinyl acetate, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate, and the like, useful for controlled release of such physiological or psychological diagnostic compositions, pheremones, insect repellents, animal repellents and perfume materials into a gaseous environment surrounding the polymer matrix.